Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As a response to stimulation of the arm nerves an evoked potential can be recorded in the posterior neck region in man. This nuchal evoked potential (NEP) was recorded in three selected patients with A) cervical rib, B) syringomyelia, and C) prolapse of cervical intervertebral disc. Patients A and C had low-amplitudic NEPs with increased latencies when the affected side was stimulated and "normal" NEPs when the unaffected side was stimulated. Patient B had grossly abnormal, polyphasic NEPs (regardless of the side stimulated) but the simultaneously recorded somatosensory evoked potential was "normal". No systematic differences in the parameters of the NEP due to different recording locations on the neck could be observed.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic possibilities for the nuchal evoked potential. 95 4

The authors describe the features of magnetic resonance (MR) images of Chiari type I and II malformations and present four illustrative cases. Downward displacement of the posterior fossa was more pronounced with type II than type I. A variety of intracranial anomalies were associated with the Chiari type II malformation, whereas type I was mainly associated with syringomyelia and craniovertebral changes. MR imaging is useful in the diagnosis of intracranial anomalies and those situated at the craniovertebral junction, including Chiari malformations.
 ...
PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of Chiari malformations. 169 94

Thirteen patients with a clinical diagnosis of syringomyelia were examined by nuclear tomography (0.35 T magnet) in the spin-echo mode. In all thirteen patients, the T1 images (SE 400/35) showed a longitudinal cavity with a signal intensity of CSF. The shape and extent of the syrinx could be adequately demonstrated in 12 of the 13 examinations. Downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils was seen in eight cases. The examination took between half and one hour. Advantages of magnetic resonance tomography (nuclear tomography) include the absence of artifacts, images in the line of the lesion and its non-invasiveness.
 ...
PMID:[Magnetic resonance tomography in syringomyelia]. 300 50

The relative effectiveness of plain computed tomography (CT), metrizamide CT, conventional myelography, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was compared for the examination of cystic spinal cord lesions. Intramedullary cavities in 18 patients were demonstrated by MR imaging: cavities were uncomplicated in 13 patients, associated with spinal tumors in two, and studied after occipital craniectomy for treatment of Chiari malformation and syringomyelia in two. Cavities were shown by MR imaging in all enlarged spinal cords, but a cavity was shown in only one of four small cords. The rostral limits of the cavities were demonstrated better than were the caudal extensions. Ventricular communication was not demonstrated. Chiari malformation was shown only in cavities that did not involve the medulla. Syringes associated with tumor were indistinguishable from uncomplicated cavities, but the tumor had abnormal signal on long spin-echo sequences in two cases. Cystic cord tumor (one case) had an inhomogeneous appearance. Caudal displacement of the cerebellar hemisphere through the surgical defect associated with compression of the fourth ventricle was shown in two cases after posterior fossa craniectomy. Thirteen patients were studied with metrizamide CT also. MR imaging proved to be as accurate as metrizamide CT in the diagnosis of intramedullary cavities that result in spinal cord enlargement, but it was less sensitive in detecting cavities within normal-sized or diminished spinal cords. It had the advantage that tumor tissue could be distinguished from associated syrinx cavities by differences in signal characteristics; and cerebellar ectopia was evaluated easily on sagittal MR views.
 ...
PMID:MR imaging of syringomyelia and hydromyelia. 387 95

Cine-MRI with presaturation bolus tracking was used in patients with syringomyelia associated with a Chiari malformation to study pulsatile movement of the hindbrain, cervical spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid and the fluid within the syrinx. Nine patients had 13 examinations, 6 preoperative, 3 after syringosubarachnoid shunting and 4 after posterior fossa decompression. Five controls were also examined. Dynamic display of the acquired images demonstrated downward displacement of the presaturation bolus on the cerebellar tonsils and medulla oblongata (or upper cervical cord) at the C1 level in all preoperative examinations and in two patients after syringosubarachnoid shunting but with residual foramen magnum obstruction. Downward displacement of the bolus on the cervical spinal cord was also demonstrated in 7 examinations, but not observed in the controls. Thus, the hind-brain-spinal cord axis showed larger pulsatile movements in patients with foramen magnum obstruction. Based on these observations and a review of the literature, a new theory on the mode of extension of syringomyelia, emphasising the role of increased pulsatile movement of the hind-brain-spinal cord axis is proposed: that the pulsatile movements, together with a one-way valve mechanism in the syrinx cavity act as a "vacuum-pump" to enlarge the syrinx.
 ...
PMID:Increased pulsatile movement of the hindbrain in syringomyelia associated with the Chiari malformation: cine-MRI with presaturation bolus tracking. 818 51

Noonan syndrome was first described over 20 years ago by Noonan and Ehmke. They defined a specific group of nine patients with valvular pulmonary stenosis who, in addition, had short stature, mild mental retardation, hypertelorism and unusual facies. The incidence of Noonan syndrome has been estimated to be between 1 in 1000 and 1 in 2500 live births. The primary biochemical defect in Noonan's syndrome is unknown. We analyzed 9 patients (5 males and 4 females) in an age range of 6 months to 10 years and 3 months with Noonan syndrome. Patients were diagnosed as having the syndrome if they had characteristic facies and a normal karyotype, plus one of the following signs: cardiac defects, short stature or undescended testes. All patients have ocular anomalies (epicanthal folds, ptosis of eyelids, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures and ocular proptosis). Congenital heart malformations are present in 8 patients and the more frequent cardiopath is pulmonary valve stenosis due to a dysplastic or thickened valve. Short stature is present in 6 patients and 3 of them are actually on treatment with rhGH. A moderate-mild mental retardation is present in 6 patients. Case n. 9 had a syringomyelia and tethered cord. These malformations are rarely reported in Noonan's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Nosologic evaluation of Noonan syndrome and description of nine cases]. 830 30

Although syringomyelia has been associated with Horner's syndrome, it is typically associated with other neurological findings such as upper limb weakness or numbness. A patient is described who had an isolated Horner's syndrome as the only manifestation of syringomyelia. A 76 year old woman was discovered to have right upper lid ptosis and right pupillary miosis. Neurological examination was unremarkable, and pharmacological testing was consistent with localisation of the lesion to a first or second order sympathetic neuron. Neuroimaging disclosed a Chiari I malformation with a syrinx extending to the C2 to C4 level. An isolated Horner's syndrome may be the presenting manifestation of syringomyelia.
 ...
PMID:Isolated Horner's syndrome and syringomyelia. 1086 95

The authors report the case of a 21-year-old woman who presented with headaches, frequent sensations of loss of equilibrium, and intermittent strabismus. A tectal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was diagnosed based on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. The AVM drained toward the straight sinus and was associated with a tonsillar prolapse (Chiari malformation Type I [CM-I]) and cervical syringomyelia. The tectal AVM was embolized with N-butyl cyanoacrylate, and disconnection of about 80% of the lesion was obtained. All clinical symptoms resolved after embolization, and radiosurgery was proposed to treat the malformation remnant. A control MR image confirmed the regression of the tonsillar prolapse and the disappearance of the syrinx. This report emphasizes that CM-I and syringomyelia may be acquired and related to hydrovenous disorders.
 ...
PMID:Reversible tonsillar prolapse and syringomyelia after embolization of a tectal arteriovenous malformation. Case report and review of the literature. 1769 98

Routine anatomic ultrasound performed in the second trimester has a detection rate of approximately 70-90% for fetal congenital abnormalities (Nyberg and Souter, J Ultrasound Med 2001;6:655-674). The central nervous system abnormalities are one of the most common ones detected. Chiari malformation is among the CNS abnormalities diagnosed in the fetal period (Bianchi et al., Fetology - diagnosis and management of the fetal patient, McGraw-Hill, 2000). The Arnold-Chiari malformation was first described in 1883 by Cleland (Romero et al., Prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies, Appleton and Lange, 1988). It is characterised by the prolapse of the hindbrain structures below the level of the foramen magnum. It can be associated with skeletal abnormalities and neurological dysfunction. In type I, a lip of cerebellum is downwardly displaced with the tonsils, but the fourth ventricle remains in the posterior fossa. This condition may coexist with syringomyelia, which is a cyst formation on the cervical portion of the spinal cord (Creasy et al., Maternal fetal medicine principles and practice, 2004). We present a case where Chiari type 1 and syringomyelia detected at 18 weeks of gestation. The reason for referral to our center was an abnormal inward posturing of both upper and lower extremities (minimal gross movement and almost inexistent range of motion on fetal joints). On further fetal evaluation, an abnormal brain ultrasound was identified. Prenatal diagnosis of Chiari type 1 malformation and syringomyelia is almost nonexistent when reviewing the literature is the reason why this case is presented.
 ...
PMID:Prenatal diagnosis of Chiari malformation with syringomyelia in the second trimester. 1957 37

Syringomyelia (SM) is a disorder in which a cyst forms within the spinal cord. This cyst, called a syrinx, expands and elongates over time, destroying the center of the cord. Horner syndrome is an infrequent illness caused by a lesion of the cervical sympathetic nerve fiber. Its clinical features are facial anhidrosis, ptosis, miosis, and hypochromia iridis of the affected side. A full-term male newborn infant was admitted with weakness in bilateral upper extremities and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on the right side. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a smaller right pupil. Muscle power in bilateral upper limbs was 1/5. Chest X-ray and cranial magnetic resonance imaging were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervicothoracic spine showed SM at C4-T2 level. Electromyographic examination revealed bilateral brachial plexus palsy. The diagnosis was of brachial plexus palsy and congenital Horner syndrome due to congenital cervicothoracic SM. According to our best knowledge, this association has not been reported in the literature.
 ...
PMID:Bilateral brachial plexus palsy and right Horner syndrome due to congenital cervicothoracal syringomyelia. 1976 26


1 2 Next >>