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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Advanced obstetric anal sphincter tears are often associated with a high incidence of fecal and flatus incontinence. We aimed to assess the clinical outcome of these repairs when done by the overlapping sphincteroplasty technique with reconstruction of the internal anal sphincter and perineum. Between August 2005 and December 2006, all grades 3 and 4 obstetric anal sphincter tears in our department were repaired by a reconstructive pelvic surgeon, primarily using the overlapping sphincteroplasty technique with reconstruction of the internal anal sphincter and perineum. All women were followed every 6 months using the Colorectal Anal Distress Inventory and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire, a physical examination of the anal sphincter, anal manometry, and transperineal anal sonography. There were 3,478 deliveries of which 22 (0.63%) anal sphincter tears were repaired in women aged 22-41 years. Two women were diagnosed with Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists grade 3a, eight with grade 3b, nine with grade 3c, and three with grade 4 anal sphincter tears. Postoperatively, 21 patients attended the outpatient clinic, with an average follow-up time of 9.2+/-1.4 months. Only two women (9.5%) complained of flatus incontinence and fecal urgency and had mildly decreased anal sphincter squeeze pressure and a small sonographic anal sphincter defect. None of the women complained of fecal incontinence. Two women (9.5%) reported on transient perineal pain and one (4.8%) on transient dyspareunia. All other women were asymptomatic and had normal anal manometry and sonographic evaluation. Repair of obstetric anal sphincter tears using the overlapping sphincteroplasty technique with reconstruction of the internal anal sphincter and perineum seems to carry favorable clinical outcome and reduced risk for anal incontinence, perineal pain, and sexual dysfunction.
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PMID:Primary repair of advanced obstetric anal sphincter tears: should it be performed by the overlapping sphincteroplasty technique? 1838 17

Sexual dysfunction in women is common, with a community prevalence of 30% to 50%. The sexual response cycle in women is complex, with multiple overlapping dimensions, which necessitates a biopsychosocial approach for understanding the basis of dysfunction. Physiological events such as pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, aging as well as gynecological conditions like infertility, prolapse, urinary incontinence, and gynecological cancers, have an impact on sexual well-being. The interaction of these conditions with sexual health needs to be better understood to deal effectively with the problems as a whole. However, the woman concerned should be sufficiently distressed by her problem for the diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction to be made. Overall, gynecological surgery performed to alleviate symptoms which have an organic basis have the potential to improve sexual function, and this does not necessarily correlate with the anatomical outcome of the surgery. Hysterectomy done by any approach does not compromise sexual function. Sexual health enquiry and evaluation in clinical practice can be done with the help of simple screening questions, a comprehensive history followed by an adequate examination. As no single laboratory test is recommended as a marker of sexual dysfunction, investigations are best dictated by clinical judgment. Detailed assessment tools in the form of self-report questionnaires and diagnostic tests for objective measures of sexual dysfunction could be used in special circumstances. Therapy entails understanding the point of break in the sexual response cycle and the underlying pathophysiology. While there are multiple treatment options available, integrated therapy which deals with both the psyche and the soma yield best results. Sexual counseling plays a vital role when therapy becomes necessary.
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PMID:Female sexual dysfunction in obstetrics and gynecology. 1863 9

Post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse is a common disorder which generally manifests as a protrusion of the vagina through the genital hiatus, sometimes accompanied by urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as sexual dysfunction. Risk factors for this condition include vaginal deliveries, obesity and previous hysterectomy, although genetic predisposition leading to reduced connective tissue and muscle strength may also play a role. Surgical correction of this disorder can be performed through either the abdominal or transvaginal approaches. Two prospective randomized trials have compared these approaches demonstrating better anatomic success rates for the abdominal approach as opposed to faster recovery and lower morbidity for the transvaginal approach. Laparoscopic and other transvaginal minimal access techniques for vaginal vault suspension have recently been advocated utilizing synthetic or biological adjuvant grafts. These techniques have been associated with high success rates albeit substantial graft complications such as erosion, contraction and dyspareunia. Suspension of the vaginal apex to the uterosacral ligaments (McCall culdoplasty) or to the sacrospinous ligaments at the time of vaginal hysterectomy is the mainstay for prevention of post hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. Our knowledge of the pathophysiology of post hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse is quickly being refined, leading to more efficient surgical therapies for prevention and treatment of this disorder.
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PMID:[Post hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse: diagnosis prevention and treatment]. 1877 Sep 62

Pelvic organ prolapse can encompass a range of disorders, from asymptomatic, altered anatomy to complete eversion of the vagina and may present with associated urinary, defecatory, and sexual dysfunction. Patient symptoms are important to elicit, because many patients with prolapse are asymptomatic. Ascertaining patient treatment goals is necessary when discussing options for management, and patients can choose from conservative, noninvasive treatment and prevention to surgical reconstruction. As comparable data for prolapse operations are poor, surgical route is determined based on the type and severity of prolapse, surgeon preference, and desired outcome.
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PMID:Pelvic organ prolapse. 1924 18

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common female complaint, with 50% of women experiencing some degree of pelvic relaxation, although not all have any symptoms. Prolapse is found most commonly in the anterior vaginal walls. Posterior vaginal wall and apical prolapse are the other, less common, categories. There are a large number of potential risk factors, but increased age, parity and body mass index are most consistently reported. A variety of symptoms may be experienced, including a feeling of something coming down, pelvic heaviness, urinary, bowel and sexual dysfunction. Two main treatment options exist, conservative management (pessary or pelvic floor rehabilitation) or surgical repair, however the evidence-base for treatment is weak. The specialist nurse is well-placed to contribute to the initial assessment, management and ongoing support of women with prolapse.
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PMID:The role of nurses in the management of women with pelvic organ prolapse. 1937 34

Sexual dysfunction is a highly prevalent condition in women attending urogynecological services. However, only a minority of urogynecologists screen all patients for female sexual dysfunction. Lack of time, uncertainty about therapeutic options and older age of the patient have been cited as potential reasons for failing to address sexual complaints as part of routine history. Evidence from large prospective studies have shown that prolapse and/or incontinence adversely affect sexual function. Assuming that the physical effect of prolapse and incontinence is one of the contributing factors for sexual dysfunction, one could logically assume that an intervention leading to their improvement should improve sexual function. Current evidence of the effect of conservative and surgical management of pelvic floor disorders on sexual function is encouraging. More research is needed using standardised assessment tools to define clear endpoints in sexual function.
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PMID:Review of current status of female sexual dysfunction evaluation in urogynecology. 1944 Jul 80

The integration of sexual health into the health care services is important. In women attending urogynecological clinics, the urinary function, anorectal function, and anatomical defects are more often evaluated than those related to sexual activity and function. A group of experts in urogynecology, sexuality, and patient reported outcome development, met in a roundtable with the final objective of reviewing what is currently available and what is needed to accurately evaluate sexual function in women with pelvic floor dysfunction. An article was prepared for each of the issued presented during the roundtable and combined into this supplement. This article is a summary of all articles included in this supplement. The pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction as related to pelvic floor disorders has not been well established. Sexuality questionnaires and scales play an integral role in the diagnosis and treatment of female sexual dysfunction. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ) is the only validated female sexual function questionnaire specifically developed to assess sexual function in women with urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse; however, the PISQ does not screen for sexual activity. The effects of treatments for pelvic floor problems on sexual function have received little attention. There is a need for a validated sexual function measure that evaluates not only the impact of pelvic floor dysfunction on sexual function but also the impact on sexual activity.
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PMID:Sexual health in women with pelvic floor disorders: measuring the sexual activity and function with questionnaires--a summary. 1944 Jul 85

The pelvic floor is a highly complex structure made up of skeletal and striated muscles, support and suspensory ligaments, fascial coverings and an intricate neural network. Its dual role is to provide support for the pelvic viscera (bladder, bowel and uterus) and maintain functional integrity of these organs. In order to maintain good pelvic floor function, this elaborate system must work in a highly integrated manner. When this system if damaged, pelvic floor failure ensues. The aetiology is inevitably multi-factorial, and seldom as a consequence of a single aetiological factor. It can affect one or all the three compartments of the pelvic floor, often resulting in prolapse and functional disturbance of the bladder (urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction), rectum (faecal incontinence), vagina and/or uterus (sexual dysfunction). This compartmentalisation of the pelvic floor has resulted in the partitioning of patients into urology, colo-rectal surgery or gynaecology, respectively, depending on the patients presenting symptoms. In complete pelvic floor failure, all three compartments are inevitably damaged resulting in apical prolapse, with associated organ dysfunction. It is clear that in this state, the patient needs the clinical input of at least two of the three pelvic floor clinical specialities. Whilst the primary clinical aim is to correct the anatomy, it must also be to preserve or restore pelvic floor function. As a consequence, these patients need careful clinical assessment, appropriate investigations, and counselling before embarking on a well-defined management pathway. The latter includes behavioural and lifestyle changes, conservative treatments (pelvic support pessaries, physiotherapy and biofeedback), pharmacotherapy, minimally invasive surgery (intravaginal slingoplasty, sacrospinous fixation and mid-urethral tapes) and radical specialised surgery (open or laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy). It is not surprising that in this complex group of patients, a multi-disciplinary approach is not only essential, but also critical, if good clinical care and governance is to be ensured.
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PMID:Complex pelvic floor failure and associated problems. 1964 90

Vaginal prolapse is a common health problem, and although severe morbidity is rare, it can have marked effects on quality of life. The treatment of vaginal vault prolapse can be a difficult and challenging problem. A detailed history and clinical evaluation is required in order to plan the appropriate choice of procedure. There are numerous surgical procedures that have been described using either abdominal or vaginal approaches. The choice of procedure is often dependent on the individual surgeon's choice and experience, and should be tailored to the individual patient. The ideal procedure should have a low risk of morbidity and mortality, but should also have long-term durability. There is a need for large, randomized trials to evaluate surgical techniques to correct vaginal prolapse and related urinary, bowel and sexual dysfunction.
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PMID:Management of vaginal prolapse. 1980 99

Pelvic floor disorders are common health issues for women and have a great impact on quality of life. These disorders can present with a wide spectrum of symptoms and anatomic defects. This article reviews the clinical approach and office evaluation of patients with pelvic floor disorders, including pelvic organ prolapse, urinary dysfunction, anal incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic pain. The goal of treatment is to provide as much symptom relief as possible. After education and counseling, patients may be candidates for non-surgical or surgical treatment, and expectant management.
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PMID:Clinical approach and office evaluation of the patient with pelvic floor dysfunction. 1993 9


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