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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

More than 40 plant species have been shown to contain substances that are active in biological assays for estrogenic activity. Such substances may be constitutive metabolic products of a plant, or be formed adaptively in response to environmental factors, such as fungal attack (e.g. coumestrol synthesis in alfalfa infected with Pseudopeziza medicagensis); in other instances estrogens may arise from microbial attack on plant material during storage (e.g. zearalenone formation from corn by Fusarium spp.) Phyto-estrogens may reach man through direct consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables and processed plant products (e.g. administration of olive or cornoil can induce vaginal keratinization in post-menopausal women); or---more relevant to this Symposium---by consumption of carcasses and products from animals fed estrogen-containing forage. Important pasture and forage plants shown to contain phyto-oestrogens include Trifolium subterraneum L, notably the cultivars Dwalganup, Mt. Barker, Yarloop and Marrar, T. pratense (red clover), T. fragiferum L. (strawberry clover), T. alexandrinum (berseem clover), Medicago sativa (alfalfa or lucerne) and Soya hispida (soya beans). A beneficial anabolic action of the estrogens contained in these plants has been implied, but not unequivically established. More attention has been paid to their noxious effects on livestock. On affected T. subterraneum pasture, castrated male sheep showed lactation, squamous metaplasia of the bulbo-urethral glands and urethral stenosis; infertility, variously attributed to suppression of gonadotrophin release and ovulation; faulty ovum transport; premature regression of corpora lutea; irreversible cystic hyperplasia of endometrial glands on prolonged exposure; dystocia and prolapse of the uterus. Sporadic incidence of phyto-estrogen induced infertility in cattle has been reported, attended by ovarian cyst formation. Estrogenic activity in forage plants has been reported from Australia, New Zealand, India, Sweden, Great Britain, Germany, Denmark, Holland, Finland, Egypt and Israel. The clover constituents chiefly incriminated for these effects are glycosides of the isoflavone derivatives genistein and its 4'-methyl ether biochanin-A, daidzein and its 4'-methyl ether formononetin, and pratensein; coumestrol and its 3'- and 4'-methyl ethers account for the estrogenic activity of alfalfa. The isoflavone content of subterranean clover may reach 3 percent of its dry weight, and the coumestrol content of lucerne may exceed 100 mug/g. Coumestrol and genistein compete with 17beta-estradiol for binding sites on the uterine cytoplasmic receptor and induce macromolecular synthesis in the uterus, but fail to induce ovum implantation in ovariectomized, gestagen-maintained rats. Uterotrophic activity of coumestrol and genistein given parenterally to sheep is approximately 10(-3) and 10(-5) times that of stilboestrol, respectively. Biological activity of ingested phytoestrogens is modified by ruminal micro-organisms and hepatic metabolism...
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PMID:Occurrence of anabolic agents in plants and their importance. 106 75

A rare case of urinary retention due to tuberculous pyometra is presented. A 70-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of dysuria and pollakisuria on January 26, 1990. In spite of medication of cholinergic agents, urinary retention developed on April 6, 1990. Cystoscopy revealed elevation of the urethra and bladder neck. Physical examinations disclosed a child-head-sized tumor in the lower abdomen, which persisted following catheterization. Excretory urogram showed a large retrovesical mass. Chain urethrocystogram revealed anterior dislocation of the bladder neck and the proximal portion of the urethra. CT scan and MRI demonstrated a fluid-filled pelvic mass, which positioned above the vagina and compressed the urinary bladder anteriorly. Total hysterectomy was performed on August 6, 1990. Pathological diagnosis was tuberculous endometritis. Urinary symptoms disappeared immediately after the operation. Postoperative chain urethrocystography revealed complete cure of the dislocation of the bladder neck and urethra. We collected 34 cases of urinary retention due to gynecological disease in Japan, and 110 cases in English literature. Among the frequent diseases were retroverted gravid uterus, prolapse uteri, uterine leiomyomas, ovarian cyst, imperforated hymen and vaginal atresia. The mechanisms of urinary retention in gynecological disease are discussed. No case of urinary retention due to tuberculous pyometra was found in the literature.
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PMID:[A case of urinary retention due to tuberculous pyometra]. 149 6

Over a period of 33 years during which nearly 13,600 hysterectomies were carried out, there was one case of prolapse of the small bowel through the ruptured vaginal vault stump, which occurred spontaneously 7 months after vaginal hysterectomy and colporrhaphy. At operation the small bowel was returned into position and an ovarian cyst was removed by the vaginal route. The patient made an uneventful recovery.
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PMID:[Rupture of the vaginal vault with prolapse of the small intestine]. 647 76

To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for adenomyosis, the clinical records of consecutive women undergoing hysterectomy during a 3 year period were retrieved. Data were collected on indication for the intervention, general sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, age at menarche, parity, abortions, and menopausal status at surgery. Adenomyosis was diagnosed in 332 of the 1334 cases (24.9%). The condition was present in 146 of the 627 patients (23.3%) with fibroids and menorrhagia, 68 of the 265 (25.7%) with prolapse, 21 of the 98 (21.4%) with ovarian cysts, 19 of the 100 (19%) with cervical cancer, 31 of the 110 (28.2%) with endometrial cancer, 16 of the 57 (28.1%) with ovarian cancer, and 19 of the 77 (24.7%) with miscellaneous indications. These differences were not statistically significant (chi 2(6) = 11.14). In comparison with nulliparous women, the odds ratio was 1.3 and 1.5 respectively in women with one and > or = two births (chi 2(1) trend = 5.76 P < 0.05). No relationship was found between age at surgery, age at menarche, indications for surgery, menopausal status at intervention, and presence of endometriosis. Our findings do not support the notion that adenomyosis is more frequently related to particular clinical conditions, and suggest that parity may be associated with an increased frequency of adenomyosis.
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PMID:Adenomyosis at hysterectomy: a study on frequency distribution and patient characteristics. 765 58

Laparoscopic surgery appears now to be not just a series of simple modifications to operative techniques, but more truly a revolution. This is due to three factors: the simultaneous diagnosis of lesions, establishment of the prognosis and actual treatment: greater respect for the anatomy and physiological processes; the shift in the theatre of operations which is now represented by the pelvis itself and not the operating room we were used to. This surgical revolution has achieved a number of indisputable advances, especially where the adnexa are concerned. Tubo-peritoneal infertility, of course, for which Raoul Palmer developed laparoscopy; the approach relies on a thorough knowledge of the tubal condition. Ectopic pregnancy where laparoscopic treatment has become the standard. Ovarian cysts which raise the specific problems of discovering, and even more important, overlooking malignancy. Endometriosis for which surgical treatment has become appropriate again thanks to endoscopy. This revolutionary cycle is not yet complete for subperitoneal surgery is now being addressed. Hysterectomy, so highly symbolic for the gynecologist, is now regularly carried out in this manner. Even cancer surgery may now employ endoscopy, with second-look laparoscopy for ovarian cancer and above all lymphadenectomy techniques which were developed for a large part in France and will no doubt bring about a total change in the strategies for surgical treatment of cancer. Once the technical difficulties have been resolved radical hysterectomy has the potential to become the reference thanks to its precision and radicality. Prolapse too can draw benefit from endoscopic surgery. This is already the case for colpocervical suspension and other factors concerning prolapse are under study. We must not forget that this surgery must not only comply with the standard rules for surgery, but must also benefit from regulated and rigorous training. Collaboration with the engineers and equipment manufacturers is yet another new element with which French medicine is not yet very familiar.
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PMID:[Operative laparoscopy: genuine surgical advance or simple temptation by the feasible?]. 803 2

We report a Mexican family with two members (mother and daughter) affected with blepharophimosis hereditary syndrome: ptosis of the eyelids, blepharospasm and epicanthus inversus. The daughter presented: hyperopia, astigmatism, hemispheric asymmetry, superficial mental deficiency and ovarian cyst. The mother with ophthalmological affectation, present too border line intellectual quotient. Clinical findings in this family illustrate autosomal dominant trait; differential diagnosis should be taken into account for genetic counselling.
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PMID:[Hereditary blepharophimosis with visual alterations]. 835 20

We here report a rare case of giant cell arteritis (GCA) of the myometrium found incidentally in a 68-year-old Caucasian woman presenting with uterovaginal prolapse and a known past history of temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica. Histology revealed a segmental arteritis of small, medium and some quite large myometrial arteries with extensive destruction of both internal and external elastic laminae. Multinucleate giant cells, lymphocytes and histiocytes were most prominent in the inflammatory infiltrate. The findings in this case are compared with previous reports. In a review of the literature it was found that almost one third of cases presented with generalised symptoms such as fever, anemia, fatigue and weight loss. The symptoms were not immediately recognised as temporal arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica. On routine physical examination or radiological investigation, benign gynecological pathology such as a simple ovarian cyst or uterine leiomyoma were found. The subsequent unexpected discovery of GCA on histological examination was the critical event in alerting clinicians to the diagnosis of temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica. Without exception steroid therapy was successful in achieving relief of generalised symptoms.
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PMID:Giant cell arteritis of the uterus: case report and review. 921 48

The objective of this paper is to review the published and unpublished knowledge of the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators on reproductive tissues other than endometrium. Pharmaceutical companies developing or marketing selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) were identified. The investigators at each company responsible for the conduct of investigational trials were contacted and queried about reports of adverse events in any ongoing or completed trials involving SERMs produced by their company. Levormeloxifene and idoxifene trials noted a higher proportion of surgery for pelvic organ prolapse in treated versus untreated women. The development of these pharmaceutical agents was discontinued, primarily for endometrial concerns. However, pelvic organ prolapse was reported to the FDA as an adverse event associated with both drugs. Study weaknesses preclude a definitive association between the agents and pelvic organ prolapse. The treated groups were not necessarily similar for confounding factors such as age, parity, obesity, cigarette smoking, and other risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse. Tamoxifen and raloxifene increase hot flash intensity and frequency. Ovarian cyst formation and uterine fibroid growth have also been reported with some SERMs. The identification and assessment of the impact of current and future SERMs on the pelvic floor and other genital tissues will be important to understanding their potential long-term application in disease treatment and prevention.
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PMID:Effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators on reproductive tissues other than endometrium. 1179 59

The reproductive organs of 20 Estonian Holstein Breed (EHF) cows and three heifers, culled because of infertility, were studied by palpation per rectum and ultrasonography. In addition, pathoanatomical and pathohistological studies were carried out after slaughtering. The pathohistological study revealed that small cysts often (12 animals) existed in culled cows, whose diameter was less than 2.5 cm. These cysts were frequently accompanied by changes in secondary and Graafi follicles, rete ovarii, ovarian stroma, and the endometrium. Three cows had follicular cysts in the ovaries, which were 25-35 mm in diameter. Two cows revealed luteal cysts in the ovaries; one of them had vaginal prolapse. Four animals (one heifer and three cows) manifested tumours or tumour-like malformations: ovarian endosalpingiosis, germ and stromal cell tumour, oviductal myolipoma, and haemangiosarcoma in the uterine blood vessels. One heifer had been culled because of two abscesses in the vaginal wall close to the cervix and another had chronic endometritis. The research findings indicate that the most common cause of infertility in the culled cows was cystic degeneration in ovaries (85%), accompanied by pathological changes elsewhere in the reproductive organs. We claim that these changes are responsible for the low pregnancy rate after the treatment of ovarian cysts. The second most common reason was genital tumours (15%). In heifers, infertility is rare and its causes are heterogeneous.
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PMID:Pathological changes in the reproductive organs of cows and heifers culled because of infertility. 1244 Jul 92