Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This research uses the tools of modern medical science to examine the ancient descriptions of the symptoms suffered by King Jehoram who was affected by some disease. The Biblical texts were examined, and passages relating to the disease that afflicted King Jehoram, who ruled in Jerusalem 843-851 B.C., were closely studied. We have not included any commentaries, but referred only to the words of the Bible exactly as written. The Passages ''...the Lord smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease in the process of time, after the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness: so he died of sore diseases'' indicate that the King suffered from some kind of disease which affected his bowels. Among the various diseases which may be associated with prolapse of the bowel, colorectal carcinoma is the most acceptable. It seems that the colorectal carcinoma was poorly differentiated, invaded perirectal adipose tissue, blood vessels, and/or lymphatic vessels, and/or perineural areas, was lymph node positive and reached the 4th stage with the spread of metastases to the distal organs. Viewed by a modern physician, the story of King Jehoram unfolds as possibly the earliest description of a patient afflicted by colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma that afflicted King Jehoram. 1578 40

Cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS) may be caused by a wide range of pathological process among we include metastatic disease. A case of a woman whose breast neoplasm was initially expressed by a CSS is discussed in this article. We describe a 64-year-old woman with several weeks progressive course of pain and numbness in her left-side facies and occasional diplopia. Neurological examination showed left ptosis, limitation of elevation of left eye and abducens nerve palsy as well as hypoesthesia in the frontal and maxillary regions of her left-side facies. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed the presence of a mass in the orbit and left cavernous sinus. General examination disclosed a sclerotic and retractile lesion in her left breast which involved the nipple suggesting breast carcinoma metastases. The patient underwent a breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy which established the presence of an infiltrating breast carcinoma. This case shows the importance role of the general physical examination to determine the etiology of the CSS. It is necessary and fundamental to perform it on each patient not only to orientate further investigations but also to avoid more invasive diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:[Cavernous sinus syndrome: an initial expression of a breast carcinoma]. 1581 52

Prognosis in prostate cancer is determined, in greater part, by the presence of metastases. Bone metastases can occur in any part of the skeleton even, for example, at the base of the skull. We present a case of a 78 year old male who, in December 2001, presented with paralysis of the third cranial nerve. The NMR and CAT scans were normal and circulating levels of PSA were elevated. He was referred to the Urology Service where the treatment guidelines included complete androgen block. Subsequently, he developed retro-orbital pain, divergent strabismus and palpebral ptosis. CAT and NMR indicated a soft tissue mass at the sphenoid level. Treatment was Gamma Knife Radio-surgery. Since August 2004, in conjunction with the latest rise in PSA, the patients general status deteriorated considerably and he was referred to the Oncology Service. There was an increase in the paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve (complete left ophthalmoplegia) and left-central facial paralysis. Metastases from prostate cancer can be disseminated via the lymphatic or the blood system. Currently, there are more metastases from large-size tumours. Metastases are critical in prostate cancer because of their adverse effect on the patients survival. Measurements of circulating levels of prostate specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase are very useful in the clinical diagnosis of the primary tumour, or its metastases.
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PMID:[Ophthalmoplegia in a patient with prostate cancer and bone metastases]. 1623 78

Pituitary metastases from malignant thymoma are extremely rare. We report an 86 year-old-man with pituitary metastasis of malignant thymoma who complained of visual impairment and right ptosis. A pituitary lesion, which was partially removed by trans-sphenoidal surgery, was pathologically similar to the primary lesion and was diagnosed as pituitary metastasis of malignant thymoma. One autopsied case of pituitary metastasis of malignant thymoma has been found in the literature, and one case of this condition has been previously described in life. The present paper is the second report of symptomatic pituitary metastasis of malignant thymoma. Surgical removal of the pituitary lesion is a reasonable choice for the relief of progressive visual symptoms and for good quality of life in these patients.
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PMID:Symptomatic pituitary metastasis of malignant thymoma. 1632 76

LHRH analogs have become a promising modality in prostate cancer therapy as an alternative to surgical castration, and the use of these agents is generally considered to be safe. Since now, only few cases of an apoplexy of previously undiagnosed pituitary adenoma (usually gonadotropinoma) at the beginning of therapy have been described in the medical literature. We present a case of a 74 year old patient who was diagnosed of prostate cancer at the age of 68. There was no evidence of metastatic disease. Radical prostatectomy was performed and LHRH analog gosereline (Zoladex 3.6 mg s.c.) was administered. During the first day after gosereline injection the patient developed headaches that became more severe over the next 3 days. Then the patient experienced nausea and vomiting, double vision and eyelid ptosis. On the 5th day the patient temporarily lost consciousness and was admitted to hospital. Imaging (computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) revealed the presence of a pituitary tumor and hemorrhage within the gland. There was no evidence of pituitary dysfunction in hormonal studies. Neurosurgical intervention was postponed for 5 days after admission. Pathological mass with signs of recent hemorrhage was removed via transsphenoidal route. The tumor had negative immunohistochemical GH, ACTH and PRL staining. Neurological impairment resolved within 9 months after the operation. As a result the patient required adrenal and thyroid replacement. During 6 years of follow-up there was no evidence of prostate cancer recurrence.
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PMID:Apoplexy of clinically silent pituitary adenoma during prostate cancer treatment with LHRH analog. 1715 26

Malignant melanoma (MM) of the anal region is an uncommon disease. In many cases, the disease is undetected or mistaken for a benign polyp or haemorrhoids until it reaches an advanced state. Owing to delayed diagnosis and early metastases, the prognosis is often poor. In contrast to melanomas of the skin, a history of sun exposure does not seem to have an impact in development of MM in this region. Anorectal melanomas (AM) are most common in the rectum, followed by the anal canal and anal verge. Ras mutations, especially in codon 61 of the N-ras oncogene, are common in CM and rare in melanomas of the vulva and anorectum. The diagnosis of an AM is usually made using a biopsy. Histopathological examinations show spindle-shaped and pleomorphic cells. Adjuvant immunohistological markers are the calcium-binding protein S-100, the melanoma antigen HMB-45, the melanoma-expressed protein Melan A, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF). To date, there are few published guidelines for the correct management of AM, and surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. We report on a 39-year old man who presented with a 5-week history of recurrent prolapse of an anal tumour. The tumour was histologically confirmed to be malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma of the anal region. 1737 15

Pituitary carcinomas are very rare tumors, nearly always presenting as widely invasive masses, although the hallmark of these lesions is the finding of distant metastases. One third of reported cases are prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumors. We report the case of a fatal pituitary carcinoma evolving within 4 years from a PRL-secreting microadenoma. A 22-year-old woman presented because of galactorrhea. Evaluation of the patient disclosed slight hyperprolactinemia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 7-mm intrapituitary lesion, which responded to treatment with cabergoline. About 4 years after the first evaluation she developed sudden headache, ptosis, and diplopia in the right eye. MRI disclosed the growth of a large pituitary mass, invading the right cavernous sinus. Despite two trans-sphenoidal surgical procedures followed by gamma-knife radiosurgery, the patient showed rapid local progression of the tumor and the occurrence of new lung lesions, probably of metastatic nature. The patient died 7 months after the development of her first neurological symptoms because of tumor apoplexy and subsequent subarachnoid hemorrhage. This case represents the first documented rapid evolution from a microprolactinoma initially responding to dopamine agonists to a fatal pituitary carcinoma.
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PMID:Evolution of a prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenoma into a fatal carcinoma: a case report. 1791 59

Metastasis to the orbital soft tissues is relatively uncommon. We report a rare case of renal cell carcinoma with orbital metastasis as the first clinical manifestation. A 48-year-old-man presented with left proptosis and complete ptosis of three weeks duration. Radiological examination revealed a left intraconal heterogeneous cyst-like lesion with rim enhancement immediately deep to the left superior rectus muscle. Diagnosed as having orbital cysticercosis, he was prescribed oral albendazole and prednisolone. But there was no clinical improvement. An incisional biopsy performed showed metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma. The patient complained of backache and weight loss in the interim. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed extensive vertebral metastasis to the thoracic and lumbosacral spine and the iliac bone, with an incidental detection of a large mass from the right kidney. Further MRI of abdomen and chest showed a large right renal mass presumed to be a renal cell carcinoma with extension into the right renal vein, intra-abdominal lymph nodes, and peritoneum. There were small nodules in the lung suggesting the possibility of pulmonary metastatic deposits. Renal cell carcinoma does not respond to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation; because of the disease's advanced stage, the patient received palliative treatment. There have been only two other reports in the literature of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the orbit where the proptosis was the initial presenting feature similar to our case.
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PMID:Orbital metastasis of renal cell carcinoma masquerading as cysticercosis. 1883 35

A 35-year-old lady presented with recurrent episodes of painful right upper lid swelling and ptosis of 6 months' duration. The symptoms would subside with oral antibiotics and painkillers. She had also been undergoing treatment for one year for multiple painful osteolytic lesions in the long bones and axial skeleton for which no definite diagnosis had been made, despite several radiological and serological investigations having been performed. Computed tomographic scan showed a soft tissue lesion in the superolateral part of the right orbit with erosion of the adjacent bone. Lacrimal gland biopsy showed non-specific inflammatory changes. She was referred for full work-up to exclude lymphoma and metastasis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing soft tissue mass in the right anterior cranial fossa eroding the lateral orbital wall and extending into the orbit. Another mass encased the superior sagittal sinus. Bone marrow biopsy showed near total replacement of marrow cells by a round cell tumour. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumour cells expressed neuron specific enolase and chromogranin. The pathological findings suggested a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumour though neuroblastoma could not be unequivocally ruled out. (131) I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scan showed no uptake. Radiologic studies suggested multiple bony metastases. No other site of primary tumour was found so there was a strong possibility of it being a primary orbito-cranial neurogenic tumour. Neuroblastomas and neuroendocrine tumours are very rare in adults. The orbit is an unusual site for a primary of this nature. In addition, it is quite difficult to make a specific diagnosis in a less differentiated tumour.
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PMID:Rare orbitocranial tumour in an adult. 1983 15

A 35-year-old lady presented with recurrent episodes of painful right upper lid swelling and ptosis of 6 months' duration. The symptoms would subside with oral antibiotics and painkillers. She had also been undergoing treatment for 1 year for multiple painful osteolytic lesions in the long bones and axial skeleton for which no definite diagnosis had been made, despite several radiological and serological investigations having been performed. Computed tomographic scan showed a soft tissue lesion in the superolateral part of the right orbit with erosion of the adjacent bone. Lacrimal gland biopsy showed non-specific inflammatory changes. She was referred for full work-up to exclude lymphoma and metastasis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing soft tissue mass in the right anterior cranial fossa eroding the lateral orbital wall and extending into the orbit. Another mass encased the superior sagittal sinus. Bone marrow biopsy showed near total replacement of marrow cells by a round cell tumour. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumour cells expressed neuron specific enolase and chromogranin. The pathological findings suggested a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumour though neuroblastoma could not be unequivocally ruled out. A(131) I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scan showed no uptake. Radiologic studies suggested multiple bony metastases. No other site of primary tumour was found so there was a strong possibility of it being a primary orbito-cranial neurogenic tumour. Neuroblastomas and neuroendocrine tumours are very rare in adults. The orbit is an unusual site for a primary of this nature. In addition, it is quite difficult to make a specific diagnosis in a less differentiated tumour.
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PMID:Rare orbitocranial tumour in an adult. 2656 7


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