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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1977 and 1987, 53 patients underwent polyvinyl alcohol sponge rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse. The mean follow-up period was 36.7 months. Full thickness prolapse recurred in two patients (3.8 per cent). Infection around the prosthesis and faecal impaction developed in two patients each. Continence improved significantly after operation, particularly in those under 70 years of age (P = 0.028, chi 2 test) and nulliparous women (P = 0.026, chi 2 test). Bowel function was generally unchanged after rectopexy; in particular only eight patients (15 per cent) had significant postoperative constipation.
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PMID:Clinical and functional results of abdominal rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse. 191 5

Stenosis of the rectum after surgery is a rare complication of low anastomosis. Infection, ischemia, foreign body reaction, technical faults or recurrence of neoplasms are the most important causes. Dilatation is attempted either manually or by instrument, if the stenosis causes discomfort and in particular if diarrhea results. Rarely resection of the stenosed segment is necessary. Stenosis in conjunction with incontinence is the most feared complication of anorectal surgery. It develops exceptionally after scarring of a large mucocutaneous defect after hemorrhoidectomy, correction of an anal fistula, a mucosal prolapse, electro-resection, infection or trauma. Anal stenosis leads to increasing constipation, a reduction of stool volume, abdominal cramps and rectal bleeding.
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PMID:[Postoperative anorectal stenosis]. 236 80

This article has overviewed complications of rhinoplasty. Generally, these complications fall into two categories: aesthetic (that is, cosmetic sequelae that may require a revision rhinoplasty) and nonaesthetic. Of the nonaesthetic complications, infection has the widest span of severity. A localized Staphylococcus aureus abscess or Pseudomonas infection of the nose may occur postoperatively. Owing to the proximity of the nose to the cranium, a cavernous sinus thrombosis or basilar meningitis may result. Postoperative toxic-shock syndrome is a rare occurrence that surgeons should be aware of; most cases have occurred with the presence of nasal packing, but a case using only plastic nasal splints has been reported also. Bacteremia seems to be uncommon during rhinoplasty. Infection after rhinoplasty is generally much less frequent than one would expect from an operation in an unsterile field. Antibiotics are frequently utilized electively. Postoperative nasal-periorbital edema and ecchymosis are regarded as unavoidable but may be lessened significantly by postoperative head elevation and cold packs. The possibility of postoperative bleeding must be evaluated by the surgeon preoperatively. This sequela usually occurs either within 72 hours postoperatively or at around 10 days postoperatively. Many different causes exist for chronic postoperative nasal obstruction, from poorly supported nasal valves closing upon inspiration to an enhanced allergic rhinitis leading to chronic nasal mucosal edema. The latter may be treated by injection of steroid into the turbinates. Among aesthetic complications, supratip prominence, saddle deformity, and persistent hump are among the more commonly reported. Supratip prominence--"polly-beak"--can be caused by inadequate reduction of tip cartilaginous or soft-tissue elements, especially in relation to the reduction of the dorsum. An over-reduced dorsum will leave an otherwise normal nasal tip with a relative prominence. An accumulation of blood or a mucous cyst occurring under the skin of the tip will produce a prominence. Poor tip projection, tip ptosis, and alar collapse are the result of overreduction of tip elements. A dislocated alar cartilage can appear as an asymmetric nasal bossa. Saddle-nose deformity occurs after overaggressive bony and/or cartilaginous hump removal. Infractured nasal bones that subsequently drop into the piriform aperture can create a bony saddle. Persistent hump is due to inadequate reduction of a bony or cartilaginous hump. If the septal cartilage reduction is disproportionate to the bony septum reduction, the appearance of either a hump or a saddle is possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Postoperative sequelae and complications of rhinoplasty. 332 Aug 72

Superior orbital fissure syndrome is a rare condition that presents itself as gross and persistent edema of the periorbital tissues, proptosis, subconjunctival ecchymosis, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, dilation of the pupil, absence of direct light reflex and presence of consensual light reflex. The corneal reflex is lost, sensation is diminished over the forehead, and it is possible that the dimensions of the superior orbital fissure are reduced. Infection, however, is not often reported as the etiology. The case presented here describes an unusual occurrence of superior orbital fissure syndrome secondary to an infected dentigerous cyst of the maxillary sinus and its management.
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PMID:Superior orbital fissure syndrome. Secondary to infected dentigerous cyst of the maxillary sinus. 780 20

Between 1985 and 1991, 112 patients underwent posterior abdominal rectopexy (n = 59 Ivalon sponge, n = 53 Vicryl-rectopexy) for complete rectal prolapse. The follow-up period was 3 months to 9 1/2 years. 25 patients with severe constipation and rectal prolapse were treated by rectopexy combined with colectomy (left colectomy n = 18, sigmoidectomy n = 3, ileo-sigmoidostomy n = 4). Left colectomy combined with Ivalon or Vicryl-rectopexy does not seem to increase operative and postoperative morbidity but tends to diminish constipation in 84% of patients. There were no complications attributable to bowel resection or anastomosis. Following abdominal rectopexy without resection constipation was reduced 7.5% only, the bowel function was unchanged in 69% and obstipation was improved after the operation in 23%. In the group of patients without evident constipation (n = 74) treated with synchrone resection has no benefit with regard to the new occurred constipation, recurrence prolapse and continence ability. Infection around the prosthesis developed in 1.5% in the resection group, and in 2.1% in the rectopexy alone group. The prolapse recurrence rate was 2.6%. Conclusion. Resection in conjunction with abdominal rectopexy tends to diminish postoperative constipation does not seem to increase operative morbidity, and is indicated in patients with constipation only.
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PMID:[Surgical therapy of rectal prolapse using rectopexy and resection. Effect of resection treatment on postoperative constipation and sphincter muscle function--a follow-up study of 112 patients]. 788 87

Abnormalities of the tubular reproductive tract are responsible for decreased fertility in the cow. Typically, these are related to congenital defects such as segmental aplasia or to acquired conditions resulting from infections or trauma caused during breeding or parturition. Infection of the tubular tract may result in vaginitis, cervicitis, metritis, endometritis, pyometra, or salpingitis. Trauma to the tract may result in urovagina, pneumovagina, or prolapse of the vagina or uterus. Retained placenta may result in metritis. Potentially, all of these conditions, unless properly treated, may result in reduced fertility or, in the extreme, sterility. Judicial and properly timed use of antibiotics and ecbolic agents should return the tract to proper function with little or no reduction in fertility. Some conditions, such as prolapse, retained placenta, and pneumovagina, may call for manual or surgical intervention for successful resolution.
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PMID:Abnormalities of the tubular genital organs. 834 74

Statistical surveys have established that, in France, hysterectomy was carried out too frequently: 50 to 70,000 hysterectomies (perhaps only 40,000) are carried out each year in our country. This fact, together with the deleterious psychological effects of this operation, have urged the authors to express some remarks on the current practice of hysterectomy in France. The currently approved indications are the following: invasive cancer, benign lesions with intractable disabling symptoms and technical requirements (e.g. cure of prolapse in the elderly). Bleeding due to fibromyomas should be managed with conservative means as much as possible. Infections are within the scope of medical treatment. When an hysterectomy is indicated, the vaginal route should be preferred whenever possible, due the lesser impact on the body image and personality. The adverse psychological effects of hysterectomy are due to several factors: fear of the operation, pain, possible complications, breach of the femininity, alteration of the body image, fear of menopause and ageing. These effects could be reduced by an accurate information of the patient on the actual consequences of the operation, which are far from considerable, specially if the hormonal secretion is preserved. Also, a certain period of time between the decision and the operation might help to further reduce this psychological impact.
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PMID:[Hysterectomy. Indications, abuse, psychological impact]. 870 74

Infections are an increasing problem in the elderly population, because of the often atypical presentation and the more frequent occurrence of complications, which lead to increased morbidity and mortality. The increased prevalence of infections in the elderly is due to a number of factors: increased exposure to micro-organisms (especially in nursing homes); degeneration of various organs (atherosclerosis, pulmonary emphysema, diverticulosis, prolapse); decreased immune response; concomitant diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus) and (or) use of medication. There is often a delay in the diagnosis because the presentation of infection in the elderly is frequently atypical and symptoms are attributed to old age, rather than to infection. Treatment may be hampered by increased resistance of micro-organisms, interaction with other drugs and toxicity problems.
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PMID:[Infections in elderly patients]. 955 Jul 96

Patients with a wide variety of anorectal lesions present to family physicians. Most can be successfully managed in the office setting. A high index of suspicion for cancer should be maintained and all patients should be questioned about relevant family history or other indications for cancer screening. Patients with condylomata acuminata must be examined for human papillomavirus infection elsewhere after treatment of the presenting lesions. Their sexual partners should also be counseled and screened. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatments are available for the pain of anal fissure. Infection in the anorectal area may present as different types of abscesses, cryptitis, fistulae or perineal sepsis. Fistulae may result from localized infection or indicate inflammatory bowel disease. Protrusion of tissue through the anus may be due to hemorrhoids, mucosal prolapse, polyps or other lesions.
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PMID:Common anorectal conditions: Part II. Lesions. 1145 37

Patients with a wide variety of anorectal lesions present to family physicians. Most can be successfully managed in the office setting. A high index of suspicion for cancer should be maintained and all patients should be questioned about relevant family history or other indications for cancer screening. Patients with condylomata acuminata must be examined for human papillomavirus infection elsewhere after treatment of the presenting lesions. Their sexual partners should also be counseled and screened. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatments are available for the pain of anal fissure. Infection in the anorectal area may present as different types of abscesses, cryptitis, fistulae or perineal sepsis. Fistulae may result from localized infection or indicate inflammatory bowel disease. Protrusion of tissue through the anus may be due to hemorrhoids, mucosal prolapse, polyps or other lesions.
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PMID:Common anorectal conditions. 1175 66


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