Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a report of the echocardiographic findings in a 9-year-old white female with primary pulmonary arterial hypertension confirmed by catheterization and later at autopsy. The reported findings of an absent "a" wave, a flat diastolic E to F slope, and a midsystolic closure of the pulmonic valve were observed. In addition, tricuspid valve prolapse was noted. Prolapse of the tricuspid valve may be part of the mechanism of tricuspid insufficiency in a patient with pulmonary hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Echocardiographic findings in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension. 126 Aug 55

To estimate frequency of the posterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse in routinely performed left ventriculography, 1000 consecutive ventriculograms of the right anterior oblique projection were analyzed. A group of patients consisted of 511 women and 489 men at mean age 46,5 years. Clinical diagnosis of heart lesions, myocardial disease, pulmonary hypertension or arrhythmias were indications for hemodynamic studies. In the investigated group of patients, there were no patients with clinical diagnosis of the coronary artery disease. Prolapse of the posterior mitral valve leaflet was diagnosed in 59 patients. Idiopathic mitral valve prolapse was diagnosed in 10 patients. Prolapse of the posterior mitral valve leaflet was most frequent in atrial septal defect (16.6%), myocardial lesion (12.5%), and after mitral commissurotomy (8.9%). Posterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse is not a frequent anomaly in routinely performed left ventriculography. Relatively often occurrence of the mitral valve prolapse in atrial septal defect and only occasional in the aortic lesions and dilated cardiomyopathy seems to point out at a role of the left ventricle size in pathogenesis of this syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Mitral valve prolapse detected during hemodynamic studies]. 210 30

Heart disease is the most important nonobstetric cause of maternal death; however, most young women with heart disease do well during pregnancy. If the physician is uncertain of the effects of pregnancy on a particular heart condition, needless restrictions may be imposed. The main hazards are: pulmonary edema when it occurs suddenly in mitral stenosis; pulmonary hypertension (because pulmonary vascular disease tends to be exacerbated by pregnancy); infective endocarditis (this is rare); and fulminating peripartum cardiomyopathy. The practical management of the pregnant patient with various concomitant heart conditions (congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, anticoagulants and artificial valves, constrictive pericarditis, kyphoscoliosis, Marfan's syndrome, mitral prolapse, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, infective endocarditis, and arrhythmias) is discussed. An absolute indication for therapeutic abortion is severe pulmonary vascular disease; discretionary indications include 'chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,' cardiomyopathies (depending on the hemodynamic disturbance), and Marfan's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy. 218 16

Secondary valve prolapse emerges in a variety of heart diseases: coronary heart disease, dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, acquired valvular heart disease, infectious endocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, etc. Valve prolapse results from dilation of valvular fibrous rings, dysfunction of papillary muscles, mitral lesions in valvulitides. Secondary valve prolapse in dilatation of valvular opening entails manifest disorders of systemic and intracardiac hemodynamics except for cases of aortic root dilatation. In decreased valvular opening secondary valve prolapse is not associated with considerable shifts in hemodynamics. Secondary valve prolapse suggests primary structural and functional defects in the heart rather than promotes the development of circulatory insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:[Secondary prolapse of heart valves]. 237 Jul 83

The aim of this study involving 700 echocardiographic examinations (echoes) was to evaluate the diagnostic impact of the method for right heart abnormalities. Among 200 two-dimensional echoes of a first series we found 23 abnormalities (11.5%): nine congenital malformations, seven pulmonary hypertensions, four cases of isolated right ventricular dilatation, two tricuspid regurgitations (TR), one right atrial myxoma. In four cases the abnormality was clinically unexpected. In a second series of 500 patients, consecutively subjected to a two-dimensional echo with pulsed-wave and continuous-wave Doppler, we found 119 regurgitations of right heart valves in 98 patients (20%): 35 TR and 24 pulmonary regurgitations (PR) secondary to pulmonary hypertension, 13 TR secondary to tricuspid valve prolapse, 16 TR and 11 PR as a part of polyvalvular disease; 10 TR and 10 PR were isolated observations. The examination technique and the echo signs of the principal abnormalities of the right heart are reviewed. In summary, we emphasize that right heart abnormalities are surprisingly frequent in routine echo investigations; therefore, complete study of all the right heart structures in every echo examination is mandatory.
 ...
PMID:[Echocardiography of the right heart--unknown territory. Contribution of echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography to the study of the right heart]. 265 68

Isolated pulmonary valve prolapse may be a sign of pulmonary hypertension. Three patients with pulmonary hypertension as a result of left ventricular failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and primary pulmonary hypertension, respectively, are described in the case reports. It is likely that the morphological change of the pulmonary valve is due to exaggeration of the normal convexity of the elastic pulmonary leaflets as a result of a high pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. This two-dimensional echocardiographic sign may prove to be a useful qualitative hallmark for pulmonary hypertension. Present methods to detect pulmonary hypertension by two-dimensional echocardiography rely on remote findings of right heart abnormalities or changes in systolic time intervals. Pulmonic valve prolapse is the first direct sign of pulmonary hypertension found on two-dimensional echocardiography.
 ...
PMID:Isolated pulmonary valve prolapse: a sign of pulmonary hypertension. 382 91

Despite recent renewed interest in the detection of tricuspid valve regurgitation by echocardiographic and Doppler techniques, little morphologic information is available on dysfunctioning tricuspid valves. This report describes 45 necropsy patients with clinical and morphologic evidence of pure (no element of stenosis) tricuspid regurgitation and provides morphometric observations (anular circumference, leaflet area) of the tricuspid valve useful in determining the etiology of pure tricuspid regurgitation. Of 45 patients, 24 (53%) had pure tricuspid regurgitation resulting from an anatomically abnormal valve (prolapse in 7, papillary muscle dysfunction in 6, rheumatic disease in 5, Ebstein's anomaly in 3, infective endocarditis in 2, carcinoid tumor in 1), and 21 (47%) had an anatomically normal valve with systolic pulmonary artery hypertension (cor pulmonale in 12, mitral stenosis in 9). Anular circumference was dilated (greater than 12 cm) in patients with various causes of pulmonary hypertension, floppy valve and Ebstein's tricuspid anomaly. Leaflet area was increased in floppy valve and Ebstein's anomaly. Of the 45 patients, 24 had pulmonary systolic artery pressure measurements available for correlation with tricuspid valve morphology. Pulmonary artery pressures accurately predicted morphologically normal from abnormal valves in 16 patients (89%). Morphologic overlap occurred in six patients with pulmonary pressures of 41 to 54 mm Hg. Of these six, the additional knowledge of normal or dilated anular circumference correctly separated valves with normal and abnormal leaflets.
 ...
PMID:Etiology of pure tricuspid regurgitation based on anular circumference and leaflet area: analysis of 45 necropsy patients with clinical and morphologic evidence of pure tricuspid regurgitation. 395 62

Serial non-invasive studies including echocardiography were performed for the evaluation and follow-up of the cardiac lesions in six cases with genetic mucopolysaccharidoses. These cases were classified by the enzyme assay into one case of Scheie syndrome, three of Hunter syndrome, one of Sanfilippo syndrome and one of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. The echocardiographic examination revealed the most striking change in the mitral valve, which was progressive with increase of the age in most cases. The mitral valve echo was dense and multilayered with a decreased diastolic descent rate (DDR) in the M-mode echocardiogram, and its thick leaflets showed diminished opening on the two-dimensional echocardiogram. The aortic valve echo was also dense in three cases inducing one case with the prolapse of the non-coronary cusp into the left ventricular (LV) cavity. The pulmonary and tricuspid valves showed an unremarkable change, although the echocardiographic signs of pulmonary hypertension was observed in two cases. Diffuse hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and LV posterior wall was observed in five cases and apical hypertrophy was found in a case of Hunter syndrome (Case 2). Parameters of the LV contractility showed almost normal values but the distensibility of the LV posterior wall was impaired in two cases, suggesting stiffness of the cardiac muscle. Although no ischemic change was observed on the electrocardiogram, the echo density of coronary artery wall was not uniform on the two-dimensional echocardiogram and dilated coronary artery was found in two cases. Phonocardiograms disclosed an aortic regurgitant murmur in one case and an apical mitral regurgitant murmur in two cases. In one case of Scheie syndrome, a pansystolic murmur (Levine 3/6) and a mid-diastolic rumble (Levine 2/6) were present at the age of 15 and 16, but after the transient increase in the loudness these disappeared at the age of 18 and only an ejection systolic murmur is audible at the present time, while the mitral valve showed a progressive limitation of the movement on the two-dimensional echocardiogram. Contrary to the reduced DDR and diminished opening of the mitral valve in 3 cases, neither diastolic rumble nor opening snap was recognized in the phonocardiogram. The echocardiographic findings seemed to reflect the patho-anatomical manifestation of this disease, and thus, the periodical echocardiographic evaluation is rewarding to assess the cardiac lesions and their progression in mucopolysaccharidoses.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiac manifestation of the mucopolysaccharidoses: periodical echocardiographic evaluation in six cases]. 642 63

Many patients with congenital heart disease now undergo cardiac surgery based solely on clinical and echocardiographic findings, but those with intracardiac shunts still frequently require cardiac catheterisation because there is no reliable non-invasive method of measuring the pulmonary artery pressure. Blinded to the haemodynamic results two independent observers retrospectively studied the cross sectional echocardiograms of 59 patients with uncomplicated ventricular septal defect to assess whether diastolic backward bowing of the pulmonary valve leaflets towards the right ventricular outflow tract (pulmonary valve prolapse) was associated with pulmonary hypertension. There was considerable interobserver variation in the diagnosis of pulmonary valve prolapse, but concordance was achieved in 27 cases. Mean pulmonary artery systolic and mean and diastolic pressures and the ratios of aortic to pulmonary artery mean pressures were all significantly higher for the group with pulmonary valve prolapse diagnosed by both observers than for the group without, thus showing an association between pulmonary valve prolapse and pulmonary hypertension. Further studies are warranted to determine the usefulness of this cross sectional echocardiographic sign in routine clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:Significance of pulmonary valve prolapse. A cross sectional echocardiographic study. 646 12

Development of aortic valvular deformities was studied retrospectively in 395 inpatients with subarterial infundibular ventricular septal defect (siVSD). Aortic valvular deformities included prolapse into siVSD without aortic regurgitation (77 patients), prolapse and aortic regurgitation (95 patients), and aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva (36 patients). No aortic valvular deformity was found in 187 patients, and 111 of these 187 patients had associated pulmonary hypertension. Prolapse and regurgitation of the aortic valve developed most frequently at the age 5 to 8 years. Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva was not found before the age of 10 years but began to develop during the teens and was diagnosed most frequently in the twenties. Patients with pulmonary hypertension did not develop aortic valvular deformities except in one instance. All inpatients with siVSD and without pulmonary hypertension over the age of 30 years had developed some aortic valvular deformities.
 ...
PMID:Natural history of subarterial infundibular ventricular septal defect. 649 90


1 2 3 Next >>