Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Horner's syndrome is characterized by a classic triad of ipsilateral pupillary miosis, partial eyelid ptosis, and facial anhydrosis. This case study reports a 7-year-old boy with right miosis, mild blepharoptosis, and iris hypopigmentation detected in a routine pediatric follow-up without ipsilateral facial anhydrosis, flushing, or pain. There was no history of birth trauma and test with cocaine provoked no response of the right pupil, suggesting right Horner's syndrome. Mediastinal tumor was ruled out and brain magnetic resonance imaging incidentally showed absence of flow in the right internal carotid artery. Subsequent magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated agenesis of the right internal carotid artery without other vascular-associated malformations. The final diagnosis was right, congenital Horner's syndrome due to ipsilateral internal carotid agenesis. We describe in detail the radiological findings and pathophysiological mechanisms of this unusual association.
 ...
PMID:Agenesis of internal carotid artery in a child with ipsilateral Horner's syndrome. 1916 24

A right-sided aortic arch with an aneurysm of the aberrant subclavian artery is a rare disease. We report a case of Kommerell's diverticulum of an aberrant left subclavian artery in a patient with a right-sided aortic arch. Fewer than 50 cases have been reported in the literature. A number of operative strategies are described. Right thoracotomy provides good exposure and avoids the morbidity associated with bilateral thoracotomy or sternotomy and thoracotomy. In our patient with symptoms of dysphagia, syncope, and left subclavian steal syndrome, a left thoracotomy was used. The repair was accomplished by division of a left ligamentum arteriosum, obliteration of the Kommerell's aneurysm, and an aorto-subclavian bypass. Postoperative complications included left vocal cord palsy and Horner's syndrome. Hoarseness and left ptosis recovered spontaneously 3 months after surgery, and the patient remained symptom-free at the 1-year follow-up. We believe a left thoracotomy for direct repair of Kommerell's diverticulum is a simple and safe method without the increased morbidity found in other procedures.
 ...
PMID:A right-sided aortic arch with Kommerell's diverticulum of the aberrant left subclavian artery presenting with syncope. 1946 53

A 77-year-old man non-immunized to tetanus suffered head trauma on the right side when he tumbled from a height of approximately 2m. Five days later, he experienced difficulty in opening his mouth and developed right ptosis. He was referred to our hospital 2 days post-ictus. The patient suffered trismus, and developed right Horner's syndrome with in a week. Symptoms due to multiple cranial nerve palsies were observed: right inferior oblique muscle weakness, reduced right corneal reflex, right facial palsy, dysphagia, and abnormal tongue movements. Neuroimages (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography) of the basal skull and internal carotid arteries revealed no abnormalities. From the symptoms associated with his infected head wound and clinical follow-up, we suggested that he had cephalic tetanus. We subsequently conducted the following treatments: debridement of the wound, intravenous infusion of antitetanus human immunoglobulin (AHI), intrathecal AHI infusion, and systemic administration of benzylpenicillin. His condition improved with these treatments, and without any complications such as autonomic nervous system dysfunction or classical tetanic spasms. This case suggests that we should consider the possibility of cephalic tetanus when we observe a patient with cranial nerve palsy associated with injury.
 ...
PMID:[Dysfunction of multiple cranial nerves in cephalic tetanus--case report]. 1969 89

Syringomyelia (SM) is a disorder in which a cyst forms within the spinal cord. This cyst, called a syrinx, expands and elongates over time, destroying the center of the cord. Horner syndrome is an infrequent illness caused by a lesion of the cervical sympathetic nerve fiber. Its clinical features are facial anhidrosis, ptosis, miosis, and hypochromia iridis of the affected side. A full-term male newborn infant was admitted with weakness in bilateral upper extremities and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on the right side. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a smaller right pupil. Muscle power in bilateral upper limbs was 1/5. Chest X-ray and cranial magnetic resonance imaging were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervicothoracic spine showed SM at C4-T2 level. Electromyographic examination revealed bilateral brachial plexus palsy. The diagnosis was of brachial plexus palsy and congenital Horner syndrome due to congenital cervicothoracic SM. According to our best knowledge, this association has not been reported in the literature.
 ...
PMID:Bilateral brachial plexus palsy and right Horner syndrome due to congenital cervicothoracal syringomyelia. 1976 26

Iatrogenic Horner syndrome is a rare complication of chest tube insertion, with little information available on this topic in the pediatric literature. We present a case of a 13-month-old boy with a left-sided pneumonia and an associated pleural effusion for which a chest tube was inserted. His respiratory and septic parameters improved, but he was noted to have ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis of the left side. These resolved in the days after chest tube removal. Although tube thoracostomy is a common procedure in surgical practice, little is written about the potential for injury to the ipsilateral sympathetic chain. This report reviews the available literature, with an emphasis on complication avoidance.
 ...
PMID:Iatrogenic Horner syndrome after tube thoracostomy. 1985 64

Horner syndrome, a triad of ptosis, anisocoria, and anhidrosis, results from interruption in the oculosympathetic pathway. It is classically described as either congenital or acquired to depict its underlying pathophysiology and requisite work-up. We report a case of a 10-month-old infant presenting with an acute onset of left Horner syndrome secondary to a spontaneous extracranial internal carotid artery dissection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of acute onset of acquired infantile Horner syndrome in association with spontaneous carotid artery dissection confirmed with magnetic resonance angiogram.
 ...
PMID:Acquired infantile Horner syndrome and spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection: a case report and review of literature. 2045 60

A 31-year-old man with cervical degenerative disc disease was seen at an outside institution for a right selective nerve root block at C7. Following the procedure, he had right ptosis and miosis. Pharmacologic testing confirmed a right Horner syndrome. MRI and MRA showed no arterial dissection. This report documents the unusual occurrence of permanent Horner syndrome following a selective cervical nerve root block.
 ...
PMID:Horner syndrome following a selective cervical nerve root block. 2084

A 46-year-old woman presented after blunt facial trauma for evaluation of bilateral orbital floor fractures, which were confirmed by clinical and radiographic examination. In addition, findings of right traumatic mydriasis and left traumatic ptosis were seen. On close investigation, miosis was noted on the side of the traumatic ptosis. Therefore, a workup for Horner syndrome was obtained, including neuro-ophthalmic consultation and magnetic resonance angiography of the neck. The magnetic resonance angiography showed an internal carotid pseudoaneurysm, an uncommon but potentially fatal complication of blunt carotid injury. The authors describe an interesting case where a life-threatening diagnosis was nearly masked by more common, benign pathology.
 ...
PMID:Traumatic ptosis and mydriasis masking Horner syndrome from an internal carotid pseudoaneurysm. 2094 Jun 57

Harlequin syndrome is rare and typically characterized by asymmetric flushing and sweating. Although it is usually considered idiopathic, literature review shows that it may be caused by lesion over lung apex or after central venous catheterization in the internal jugular vein. We present a 74-year-old woman who had been experiencing recurrent chest pain and right shoulder pain since 2 weeks ago. The tentative diagnosis was made by the emergency physician (EP) as acute coronary syndrome. The patient was given nitroglycerin treatment. Twelve hours later, the patient developed another episode of chest pain. The electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme study results were, however, both normal. Further evaluation showed intermittent flushing over the left side of her face, as well as right-eye ptosis. A chest computed tomography (CT) was conducted, under the suspicion of Harlequin syndrome in combination with Horner syndrome, to derive the diagnosis of a right lung apex tumor. This case showed that history taking and physical examination are very important in the emergency department. It is particularly vital to observe the microchanges in the patient's symptoms and signs. It is also imperative to reassess the patient whose symptoms fail to improve under treatment, to look for other underlying lesions.
 ...
PMID:An old lady with anterior chest pain and unilateral facial flushing. 2097 94

Horner syndrome, in which ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis occur concomitantly, can arise from injury to the sympathetic nerve pathways anywhere from the brain to the end organs. Incomplete Horner syndrome lacks the sign of anhidrosis. We present a case of incomplete Horner syndrome caused by internal carotid artery dissection and provide a road map of the cervical sympathetic nerves involved in Horner syndrome to explain its etiology. We also discuss the imaging of and therapy for internal carotid artery dissections.
 ...
PMID:Incomplete Horner syndrome: Report of a case and description of the sympathetic nervous system anatomy involved in Horner syndrome. 2132 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10