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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The tricuspid valve was studied in 143 subjects using two dimensional echocardiography. The groups studied were 40 normal subjects, 31 patients with mitral valve prolapse, 22 with clinically probable tricuspid valve prolapse, 20 with congestive cardiac failure, and 30 with miscellaneous cardiac conditions but no features of right heart disease. Using multiple views it was possible to record all three leaflets in 74.8% of cases and anterior and septal leaflets in 95%. Prolapse of the tricuspid valve was recognised in 13 patients: six (19.5%) of the group with mitral valve prolapse and seven (6%) of the remaining patients. Prolapse of all three leaflets was shown in one patient, anterior and septal prolapse in six patients, anterior and posterior in three patients, septal leaflet prolapse alone in two patients, and anterior alone in one patient. Two dimensional echocardiography allows definition of individual tricuspid leaflets and prolapse of any or all leaflets can be diagnosed. Tricuspid valve prolapse is commonly associated with prolapse of mitral valve leaflets but isolated cases are recognised.
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PMID:Two dimensional echocardiography and the tricuspid valve. Leaflet definition and prolapse. 683 36

We prospectively examined the usefulness of electrocardiography, chest radiography, and M-mode echocardiography in discriminating between the presence and absence of heart disease in 280 children older than one month and newly referred for evaluation of a heart murmur. After taking a history and performing a physical examination but before reviewing diagnostic tests, we categorized the children as having "no heart disease" (142), "possible heart disease" (34), or "definite heart disease" (104). Among the children initially thought to have no heart disease, the diagnosis was changed after a review of diagnostic tests in eight--three with mitral-valve prolapse, two with possible cardiomyopathy, and three with no heart disease on follow-up. Among those initially thought to have possible heart disease, the tests changed the diagnosis to definite heart disease in four, of whom only one had heart disease (mitral-valve prolapse) on follow-up. In no case did a review of tests change the diagnosis of definite heart disease. We conclude that the results of diagnostic tests are unlikely to change the clinical diagnosis of no heart disease or definite heart disease, when made by a qualified pediatric cardiologist in children newly referred for evaluation of a heart murmur.
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PMID:Noninvasive tests in the initial evaluation of heart murmurs in children. 684 37

By echocardiographic technique the Authors have studied a rare congenital anomaly: "sub-hyoid ectopy of the thyroid gland". The patient, a 35 years unmarried woman, with manifest clinic symptoms of hypothyroidism, was affected with mesotelesystolic prolapse of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. It has also been possible to put in evidence the findings of mixoedematous cardiopathy and its resolution after thyroid opotherapy.
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PMID:[Congenital thyroid abnormality (subhyoid ectopy) associated with mitral valve prolapse]. 707 9

To ascertain if mitral valve prolapse is inherited we studied 45 probands and 179 first-degree relatives. Echocardiographic mitral prolapse was present in 54 of 179 first-degree relatives (30%); at least one first-degree relative was affected in 29 families, including members of two generations in 23 families. The number of affected persons in the 54 sibships fell within the range predicted for autosomal dominant inheritance. The familial prevalence of prolapse was similar whether or not the proband had characteristic symptoms, auscultatory abnormalities, electrocardiographic findings, thoracic bony abnormalities, or coexistent heart disease. Mitral prolapse occurred in 37 of 90 women (41%) but 17 of 89 men (19%; p less than 0.005), and in 51 of 143 adults (35%) but only 3 of 36 children aged 1 to 15 (p less than 0.005). Mitral valve prolapse is an inherited autosomal dominant condition irrespective of clinical findings, and the mitral prolapse gene shows age and sex dependent expression. Mitral valve prolapse appears to be the commonest mendelian cardiovascular abnormality in humans.
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PMID:Inheritance of mitral valve prolapse: effect of age and sex on gene expression. 714 90

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve in the absence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy or concentric left ventricular hypertrophy has been reported in several conditions. In this report we describe the clinical and echocardiographic findings in 15 patients who demonstrated SAM without associated organic heart disease (group 1, 10 patients) or in association with mitral valve prolapse (group 2, five patients). Cross-sectional echocardiography revealed the etiology of SAM in both groups to be early systolic anterior angular motion ("buckling") of mitral chordal structures, rather than movement of the body of the anterior mitral leaflet into the left ventricular outflow tract. In contrast to normal subjects and group 1, group 2 patients had auscultatory evidence of mitral prolapse, a slightly greater mean left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.05) (normals, 69 +/- 5.2%, group 1, 72 +/- 3.8%, group 2, 75+/- 5.6%), and a greater mean diastolic mitral valve (D-E) excursion (p < 0.05) (normals, 1.8 +/- 0.2 cm, group 1, 2.2 +/- 0.3 cm, and group 2, 2.6 +/- 0.4 cm). This spectrum of mitral excursion and left ventricular ejection fraction supports the concept that the mitral valve prolapse syndrome may have as its basis a mitral valve abnormality and/or a hyperdynamic state that predispose to both chordal buckling and mitral leaflet prolapse.
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PMID:Systolic anterior motion in the absence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy. A buckling phenomenon of the chordae tendineae. 719 86

A case of deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 (46,XY,del(3)(p253) is described. The patient is a youth of 18 years in an institution for the mentally retarded. Phenotypically, he presents congenital heart disease, hypertelorism, ptosis, epicanthus, blepharophimosis, strabismus, nystagmus, synophrys, low-set ears, frequent infections, epilepsy (abnormal EEG and grand mal seizures), "rocker bottom" feet, flat occiput and muscular hypotonia. The parents are healthy and with normal karyotypes. A silent allele in the GPT system was found in the mother, the propositus and 4 of the 5 siblings.
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PMID:Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3. 722 94

To determine the prevalence of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with tricuspid valve prolapse and to define further the criteria for the diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation on contrast echocardiography, evaluation was made of 45 patients who had adequate contrast studies. There were four groups of patients: Group A, 10 healthy control subjects with no evidence of structural heart disease on cardiac catheterization; group B, 10 patients with classic clinical evidence of tricuspid regurgitation; group C, 10 patients with cross-sectional echocardiographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse without tricuspid valve prolapse; and group D, 15 patients with both mitral and tricuspid valve prolapse on cross-sectional echocardiography. Tricuspid regurgitation was sought in each group by using the subxiphoid echocardiographic approach with peripheral venous injection of saline solution. The diagnosis required the presence of microcavitations in both the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins for at least three consecutive cardiac cycles. Tricuspid regurgitation was observed in no patients in group A, 10 of 10 patients in group B, 0 of 10 in groups C and 6 of 15 (40 percent) in group D. Contrast cross-sectional echocardiography proved to be a reliable technique for identifying tricuspid regurgitation with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. Patients with tricuspid valve prolapse had a 40 percent prevalence rate of tricuspid regurgitation. This finding may identify a subgroup that requires particularly careful clinical follow-up care.
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PMID:Tricuspid regurgitation in tricuspid valve prolapse demonstrated with contrast cross-sectional echocardiography. 744 30

In light of the nonspecificity of left ventricular angiography and physical examination, and the limitations of M-mode echocardiography to define the presence of mitral valve prolapse syndrome, we evaluated left ventricular longitudinal and apical four-chamber tomographic views of cross sectional echocardiography in 19 subjects with normal left ventricular cineangiography and in 5 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. None had auscultatory findings suggestive of mitral valve prolapse syndrome. In all 24 control subjects, the apical view demonstrated the coaptation point and the leaflets of the mitral valve to lie inside the left ventricular cavity. A retrospective analysis of 900 consecutive cross sectional echocardiographic studies revealed 105 subjects with no evidence of structural heart disease other than the presence of the mitral valve leaflets in the left atrium in systole defining the existence of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Both mitral leaflets were prolapsed in 90 percent of the involved populations, and the apical tomographic cross sectional echocardiographic view was superior to the left ventricular longitudinal view for the detection of anterior leaflet prolapse. These data suggest that the apical cross sectional view may be the single best technique to define the presence of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse syndrome.
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PMID:Apical cross-sectional echocardiography. Standard for the diagnosis of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse syndrome. 744 1

Left atrial enlargement can usually be detected accurately using M mode echocardiography. However, in the presence of heart disease, asymmetric enlargement may lead to inaccurate assessment of left atrial size and shape. Pericardial effusion can usually be diagnosed on the basis of characteristic M mode echocardiographic findings. However, false positive patterns sometimes occur with the use of this single dimensional technique. Three patients with a greatly enlarged left atrium are described whose M mode echocardiogram suggested significant posterior pericardial fluid accumulation. In each patient, two dimensional echocardiography detected portions of a huge left atrium that prolapsed behind the left ventricular posterior wall and mimicked an isolated posterior pericardial effusion. In one case a right anterior oblique left ventricular cineangiogram suggested the presence of a ventricular septal defect or a false aneurysm of the left ventricle due to the prolapsed left atrium. Because two dimensional echocardiography can provide accurate spatial orientation with visualization of intracardiac structures in relation to one another in real time, it can identify the presence of left atrial prolapse and play an important role in the differential diagnosis of isolated echo-free spaces behind the left ventricle detected with M mode echocardiography.
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PMID:Prolapsed left atrium behind the left ventricular posterior wall: two dimensional echocardiographic and angiographic features. 746 4

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is found usually in patients with structural heart disease. Its symptomatology depends on haemodynamic manifestations. ECG criteria for the diagnosis of VT are known. For the classification of VT we use morphological criteria (monomorphous and polymorphous), duration of arrhythmia (non-and sustained VT) and the pathomechanism of VT (re-entry, increased automation and triggered activity). The clinical impact of VT and the therapeutic approach depend to a great extent on the basic disease. The therapeutic results and prognostic estimates assembled in ischaemic heart disease cannot be mechanically applied in non-ischaemic heart disease. The authors mention the prevalence of VT and the approach to its treatment in dilatative cardiomyopathy, in prolapse of the mitral valve, in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and in patients with a "normal" heart. Only collection of the necessary data and their analysis will help us to achieve better therapeutic results. In the treatment authors focus attention first of all on the pharmacological approach. They emphasize the need of thorough and comprehensive examination of the patient, draw attention to proarrhythmia. In the prevention of relapses of VT most frequently beta-blockers and amiodarone are used (either alone or combined).
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PMID:[Ventricular tachycardia in non-ischemic heart disease]. 757 85


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