Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 70-year-old man had undergone a complicated cataract extraction followed by repair of iris prolapse ending up with secondary glaucoma. Refusing routine filtering surgery, patient underwent contact transconjunctival diode laser cyclophotocoagulation. This report highlights the occurrence of corneal edema restricted to the inferior half of cornea following a diode laser cyclophotocoagulation performed in the inferior 180 degrees. The necessity to perform a routine specular microscopy in all such cases is highlighted, especially in eyes with good visual acuity.
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PMID:Corneal edema following diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in an eye with secondary glaucoma. 1857 92

The author considered the following important points:(1) Anterior capsular synechia to a corneal incision (made by a keratome) after the evacuation of a traumatic cataract. This might be detached early by the use of a blunt-ended knife following a perforation of the cornea with a sharp-pointed knife, much like a tenotome.(2) The involuntary prolapse of capsule with a cataract incision.(a) The danger of this was demonstrated as the cause of glaucoma, especially if it be found necessary to divide opaque capsular membrane after the extraction.(b) The danger of sympathetic ophthalmia.Prolapse might be prevented:(a) By intracapsular extraction.(b) By extracting the lens through an intact pupil, after the use of capsule forceps, followed either by a partial or total iridectomy.(3) The treatment of opaque after-cataract.Various types of opaque capsule membrane were described.(a) Opaque lens fibres imprisoned between anterior and posterior remains of capsule.(b) Grey membrane made of new lens fibres from proliferating subcapsular cells.(c) Elschnig's cells.(d) Much thickened capsular membrane following an extensive haemorrhage into the anterior chamber occurring about the fifth day after extraction.(e) A thick membrane formed of fibrous tissue following the invasion of the coloboma of the iris after infection at the time of operation. The fibrous tissue comes from the undersurface of the conjunctival flap and causes an updrawn coloboma which is also made narrower by its contraction.When performing a capsulotomy thickened bands should be avoided and an incision made in thin capsule, parallel to thick bands.If the membrane is very thick and shows signs of being torn from its peripheral attachment when a single needle is used, then(1) Two needles may be used after the method of Bowman;(2) A Wheeler operation may be performed (Wheeler, 1939, Collected Papers, New York, 197);(3) Thick capsule may be divided by means of a Ziegler knife, as described by the author, but not in the manner described by Ziegler.The danger of performing a capsulotomy in the presence of soft lens matter was pointed out.The occasional occurrence of localized vitreous opacification at the site of a capsulotomy, even in the absence of iridocyclitis, was mentioned.
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PMID:The capsular complications of cataract extraction. 1886 98

A 19-year-old woman with type I neurofibromatosis requested reconstruction of her severe facial disfigurement caused by the plexiform neurofibroma of the right upper eyelid. Previously, she had glaucoma surgery for buphthalmus and enucleation with dermis fat transplantation. She was unable to wear prosthesis in the last year. Transverse palpebral resection of the lesion, lateral canthal reconstruction, and frontal sling ptosis surgery were performed at the same session. Postoperatively, the cosmetic appearance of the patient was markedly improved. No complication or progression was observed during 2 years follow-up. We believe that an individual-based surgical plan may give acceptable results in these challenging cases.
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PMID:Management of facial disfigurement in orbitotemporal neurofibromatosis. 2108 30

Silicone oil (SO) is a long-term intraocular tamponade used for a variety of retinal disorders. In aphakic eyes with an intact iris, the use of an inferior peripheral iridectomy prevents SO prolapse into the anterior chamber, thereby preventing glaucoma and keratopathy. We have developed a technique for preventing SO from entering the anterior chamber in aphakic eyes with iris loss. The technique involves placing 10-0 prolene sutures (SO retention sutures) across the anterior chamber to simulate an iris diaphragm. The sutures act as a barrier between the SO and aqueous, preventing SO-corneal contact. Images of this phenomenon were obtained by high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy with patients in the supine position. Silicone oil retention sutures may be an effective means to prevent SO-corneal touch in aphakic eyes with iris loss.
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PMID:Silicone oil retention sutures in aphakic eyes with iris loss. 2296 15

In examination of patients with glaucoma associated with high myopia (6.5 - 10.0 dpt) aged 18-32 years old we used ultrasound biomicroscopy and gonioscopy. The main group was subdivided into 3 smaller groups: the 1st one (12 eyes) contained patients with pretrabecular angle block, 2nd (18 eyes--with trabecular angle block, 3rd (7 eyes)--with partial posterior chamber block and iris root prolapse. 27 emmetropic patients with POAG and 10 myopic eyes with normal IOP served as controls. Comparative analysis showed that one of the most significant factors of POAG pathogenesis in high myopic eyes is congenital and acquired changes in anterior and posterior chambers interrelation.
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PMID:[Anterior and posterior chambers interrelation in patients with glaucoma associated with myopia]. 2153 99

Although considerable recent work on hereditary eye diseases in Tasmanian families has been published, much of this depended on a century of meticulous pedigree collection by earlier clinical researchers. This article reviews some of the historical papers and the importance they have played in gene discovery and understanding of ophthalmic genetics. Tasmanian families have contributed to the identification of genes for X-linked megalocornea, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital cataract, ptosis, keratoconus, glaucoma and myopia. The true value of the Tasmanian pedigrees will be realized with the translation of genetic discoveries into early diagnosis and treatment for these eye diseases.
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PMID:Genetic eye research in Tasmania: a historical overview. 2204 74

Pregnancy is often associated with ocular changes which may be more commonly transient but occasionally, permanent. The ocular effects of pregnancy may be physiological or pathological or may be modifications of pre-existing conditions. Physiological changes include increased pigmentation around the cheeks, ptosis, changes in cornea and refractive status,decreased intraocular pressure. These usually resolve post partum. Pre-existing diseases such as Graves disease, Retinitis pigmentosa, optic neuritis, should be monitored due to their remission or relapses in pregnancy. There may be worsening of Diabetic retinopathy, and Central serous chorio-retinopathy with increased risk of Retinal detachment. Conditions like Glaucoma and Non infectious uveal inflammatory disorders may even improve transiently. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia could result in hypertensive retinopathy, exudative retinal detachment and cortical blindness. Neuro-ophthalmological disorders such as venous sinus thrombosis, benign intracranial hypertension, pituitary adenoma, meningioma and optic neuritis should be kept in mind as differential diagnosis in pregnant women presenting with visual acuity loss, visual field loss, persistent headaches or oculomotor palsies. Use of ophthalmic drugs can affect fetal health during pregnancy.
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PMID:Ocular changes in pregnancy. 2234 13

Superior limbal trabeculectomy remains a common surgical treatment for glaucoma. Positional effects on the overlying upper eyelid-both ptosis and retraction-have been associated with the procedure. More than 1 mechanism may explain retraction; however, the eyelid may elevate mechanically due to the underlying raised superior bulbar conjunctiva.
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PMID:Repair of eyelid retraction due to a trabeculectomy bleb: case series and review of the literature. 2364 56

We studied the relation between prostaglandin analogue use and ocular adnexal features. We used a prospective, cross-sectional study involving 157 current, 15 past, and 171 never users of prostaglandin analogues. Patients 50 years of age or older and without conditions affecting ocular adnexal anatomy underwent glaucoma medication use history, external digital photography and systematic external adnexal exam. Two masked readers assessed the digital photos for upper lid dermatochalasis and lower lid steatoblepharon using a validated grading scheme. Another masked clinical examiner also assessed upper lid ptosis, levator muscle function, and inferior scleral show. We performed ordinal logistic regression analysis accounting for multiple covariates to assess the relation between prostaglandin analogue use and adnexal features. Multivariable analyses indicated there was a 230-fold increased risk of incremental involution of dermatochalasis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-3.69; p = 5.44E-04) and a 249-fold increased risk of incremental loss of lower lid steatoblepharon (OR = 2.49; 95% CI, 1.54-4.03; p= 1.98E-04) associated with current prostaglandin analogue use (bimatoprost 0.03%, travoprost 0.005%, or latanoprost 0.004%) versus prostaglandin analogue never or past users. Upper lid ptosis (OR = 4.04; 95% CI, 2.43-6.72; p = 7.37E-08), levator dysfunction (OR = 7.51; 95% CI, 3.39-16.65; p = 6.74E-07) and lower lid retraction (OR = 2.60; 95% CI, 1.58-4.28; p = 1.72E-04) were highly associated with current prostaglandin analogue use versus prostaglandin analogue never or past users. The associations between prostaglandin analogue use and deepening of the upper lid sulci and between prostaglandin analogue use and loss of inferior periorbital fat are confirmed in this multivariable analysis. The associations between prostaglandin analogue use and levator muscle dysfunction and between prostaglandin analogue use and upper lid ptosis represent significant side effects that could impact visual function in glaucoma patients.
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PMID:A cross-sectional survey of the association between bilateral topical prostaglandin analogue use and ocular adnexal features. 2365 May 2

Topical Bimatoprost is a common and popular prostaglandin analog used as an ocular hypotensive agent in the treatment of glaucoma. Side effects include ocular hyperaemia, ocular pruritus, and periocular and iris pigmentary changes. Perioribital lipodystrophy is another well-documented outcome associated with chronic use of topical bimatoprost, which results in periorbital hallowing, upper eyelid sulcus deepening, eyelid retraction and enophthalmos. We report an unusual case of periocular muscle atrophy and weakness from unilateral topical bimatoprost use. Our patient had primary angle closure and experienced a right upper eyelid ptosis 2 months after she started to use topical bimatoprost in that eye. Clinical measurements of her eyelids clearly showed reduction in the function of her right levator muscle, suggesting that effects of topical bimatoprost may not be limited to periorbital fat. She was advised to stop topical bimatoprost and right ptosis correction surgery with levator muscle advancement was performed successfully. Ophthalmologists and patients should be aware of this potential rare side effect of topical bimatoprost, as it may be potentially disfiguring, especially with monocular use. However, its exact mechanism of action needs to be clarified further.
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PMID:Periorbital muscle atrophy associated with topical bimatoprost therapy. 2451 Dec 25


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