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 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The position of eyes under general anesthesia was measured in different groups of nonparalytic strabismus. Almost all patients with esotropia or hyperactive inferior oblique muscle showed divergent eye positions while patients with exotropia showed no consistent trend. The eye position of patients with lid ptosis without squint, which served as a control group, were divergent in all cases. Electromyographic observation of the medial rectus muscle under the same condition of anesthesia revealed that muscle discharge disappeared almost completely at the stage at which the eyes were in a well-stabilized position.
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PMID:Eye position and electromyographic observation of squint eyes under general anesthesia. 47 34

A case is reported of a 41/2-year-old girl with generalized fibrosis, no active or passive eye movements, anisohyperopia, craniofacial asymmetry and hypoplasia of a toe. There was no ptosis, nor backward head tilt and only a moderate exotropia. Study of the fixation and of the binocular relationship met with unusual difficulties owing to the absence of eye movements. Mesodermal abnormalities were noted in the anterior chamber. A normal female karyotype was reported and family history was noncontributory.
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PMID:Congenital 'frozen eyes', with other mesodermal abnormalities: report of a case. 66 98

To minimize the risk of visual loss in diabetic patients, recognition of early signs of oculopathy is essential. Diabetes-associated third-nerve palsy is manifested by unilateral ptosis and exotropia. Symptoms of closed-angle glaucoma are intense pain, halos around lights, and blurred vision. Open-angle glaucoma does not necessarily produce symptoms and is treated medically. A gradual decrease in visual acuity, sometimes associated with photophobia and difficulty in night driving, and monocular diplopia, are manifestations of cataract. The patient with "background" retinopathy usually complains of blurred or distorted central vision. Once the macula is involved, vision progressively decreases. Although the relationship of metabolic control to retinopathy has not been settled, evidence indicates that good medical control of the disease may delay onset of vascular complications.
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PMID:Four common ocular complications of diabetes--and how to treat them. 71 Aug 91

A four-year-old female child with Kugelberg-Welander syndrome has been presented. She demonstrated ptosis, exotropia, and decreased vision with unilateral high myopia. Unlike the Werdnig-Hoffman type of spinal muscular dystrophy Kugelberg-Welander disease has a protracted, somewhat benign course, necessitating proper evaluation and care of the ocular problems of these patients. The most common among these problems are the presence of severe to moderate ptosis and strabismus which appears usually to be an exotropia.
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PMID:Ocular findings in a patient with Kugelberg-Welander syndrome: a case report. 73 21

Partial trisomy (interchromosomal duplication) of the short arm of chromosome No. 12 was observed in an infant girl with psychomotor retardation, prominent forehead, ptosis of the right eyelid, esotropia/exotropia, flat nose, hypotonia and other anomalies. A comparison of her features with those in five reported cases with a similar chromosomal imbalance shows certain features common to all, but the material is too limited for definitive characterization of a trisomy 12p syndrome.
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PMID:Partial trisomy 12p due to t(12;21)pat translocation. 85 22

We describe a patient in whom bilateral congenital third cranial nerve palsy was diagnosed at 2 weeks of age. The ptosis was treated at 3 weeks with bilateral eyelid suspension surgery, and surgical repair of the exotropia was done at 4 months. To our knowledge this is the fourth reported case of this condition. It was probably caused by a single lesion involving the oculomotor and possibly the trochlear nuclei in the brain stem. Magnetic resonance imaging scans supported this hypothesis and suggested other central nervous system anomalies.
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PMID:Bilateral congenital third cranial nerve palsy. 271 52

Ten infants and children who presented with craniofacial dysostosis are discussed; four had Apert's syndrome, four had Crouzon's syndrome, one had Pfeiffer's syndrome, and one had hypertelorism. The follow-up of the patients ranged from 3 months to 7 years, with an average of 19 months. Patients had bifrontal and biparietal craniectomies to correct frontal and temporal orbital retrusion, while two had left unilateral procedures only. One patient (T.S.) had had three similar procedures before he was 3 years old and patient B.B. had two before he was 11 months old due to the complete failure of bony orbital growth. Before the cranial surgery, one patient had a preexisting esotropia with bilateral congenital sixth nerve paresis, one had a V-pattern exotropia, and one had a right intermittent hypotropia due to right superior rectus weakness. In no case was there a change in the ocular alignment after infantile craniectomy. There were assorted ophthalmologic anomalies, such as congenital bilateral sixth nerve paresis, absent superior rectus function, bilateral ptosis in addition to absent superior rectus function, and two patients presented with frank and repeated exorbitism.
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PMID:Strabismus in craniofacial dysostosis. 340 45

Between July 1984 and March 1985, 51 injections of type A botulinum toxin were given to 39 patients aged 11 to 81 years with various types of strabismus, including paralytic strabismus, sensory exotropia, consecutive and residual postsurgical deviations and partially accommodative esotropia. All deviations were documented by orthoptic assessment and photography. After treatment the patients were followed for up to 3 years. The beneficial effects of a single injection were modest, and a second injection was often necessary to achieve satisfactory ocular alignment. Thirteen of the 26 patients (50%) with nonparalytic strabismus and 10 of the 13 patients (77%) with paralytic strabismus had a good outcome (final deviation 12 prism dioptres or less). Adverse side effects included transient ptosis and diplopia and inadvertent vertical deviation. Twenty-one consecutive cases of nonparalytic horizontal strabismus treated with adjustable sutures were also reviewed. The results in these patients were more predictable and longer lasting than those in the patients who received botulinum toxin.
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PMID:Injection of type A botulinum toxin into extraocular muscles for correction of strabismus. 360 94

Four cases of orbital cellulitis following the extraction of maxillary molars are presented. The time interval between dental extraction and development of orbital symptoms ranged from two hours to 13 days. All patients presented with fever, elevated leukocyte counts, and radiologic evidence of acute ipsilateral paranasal sinus infection. In addition, one patient presented with meningitis. Predisposing factors in three patients included nephrotic syndrome with chronic antral inflammation, pregnancy with upper respiratory tract infection, and heroin addiction. Sequelae included empyema and death, severe loss of vision, and blindness with ptosis and exotropia. One patient recovered completely. The anatomic pathways by which dental infection can spread to the orbit are discussed, and general therapeutic considerations are emphasized.
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PMID:The spread of odontogenic infections to the orbit: diagnosis and management. 386 71

A nine-week-old Caucasian male presented with right ptosis and right exotropia due to a third cranial nerve palsy. Symmetrical macular lesions and a paramacular hyperpigmented lesion with overlying vitreous cells in the left eye were compatible with congenital toxoplasmosis. Computer tomography demonstrated calcifications in the periventricular and midbrain regions where the oculomotor nerve exits the brainstem. The diagnosis was confirmed by the toxoplasma indirect fluorescent antibody titer greater than 1:2048 for the infant and greater than 1:512 for the mother. Treatment was instituted with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine and folinic acid. Neurologic sequelae included a right hemiparesis, infantile seizures, and generalized developmental delay. A Mueller's muscle resection (RUL) combined with 9-mm recession of the right lateral rectus and 7-mm resection of the right medial rectus muscles produced minimal ptosis and right exotropia one year later. the child now prefers to fix with the right eye and a vertical nystagmus is evident in the left eye. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of an infant with noncomitant strabismus due to congenital toxoplasma cranial nerve involvement. The finding of an acquired third cranial nerve palsy accompanied by progressive neurologic sequelae warrants consideration of congenital toxoplasmosis.
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PMID:Congenital toxoplasmosis associated with acquired oculomotor nerve (CN III) palsy. 717 24


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