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 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-one patients with sphenoid sinusitis were treated from 1978-1982. Twenty patients had infections contiguous with other paranasal sinus disease. Five of these patients had fungal sinusitis. Eleven patients were seen with isolated sphenoid sinusitis; 3 were secondary to trauma and 8 were due to nontraumatic causes. Possible etiologies include upper respiratory infections, developmental abnormalities, and water forced into the nasal cavity during swimming. The immunocompromised patient is more likely to present with minimal symptoms with a fungal infection, and aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic measures should be undertaken. Because the symptoms of headache, nasal stuffiness, proptosis, ptosis and decreased visual acuity may be interpreted as an intracranial, neurological, or vascular problem, a misdiagnosis may be made. A high index of suspicion for sphenoiditis should be maintained. Therapy involves a combination of medical (antimicrobial agent) and surgical (sinus drainage and marsupialization) management.
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PMID:Infectious diseases of the sphenoid sinus. 670 Mar 47

Dural shunts are vascular communications in which blood flows through small meningeal branches of the carotid arteries to enter the venous circulation near the cavernous sinus. The features of 10 patients with dural shunts are described. Most of these patients were postmenopausal women with dilated episcleral vessels, unilateral elevation of intraocular pressure, and exophthalmos. Pain or discomfort was common and ptosis or limited eye movement was usually present. These findings were characteristically more mild than those associated with carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. CT scans usually showed enlargement of the extraocular muscles and the superior ophthalmic vein. Arteriography visualized partial or complete occlusion of intracranial venous drainage posterior to the cavernous sinus in all patients. Vascular dynamics of dural shunts are reviewed, and it is suggested that many of these communications may be congenital and that the onset of clinical abnormalities may be associated with the occurrence of intracranial venous thrombosis. Most patients eventually had resolution of their clinical abnormalities without treatment, and in some cases this improvement occurred soon after carotid arteriography.
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PMID:The dural shunt syndrome. Pathophysiology and clinical course. 670 19

A 64-year-old man presented with a nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment, proptosis, and ptosis. Clinical examination, fluorescein angiography, B-scan ultrasonography and computed tomographic (CT) scan confirmed the presence of concomitant intraocular tumor and orbital mass. The CT scan of the chest and a lung biopsy specimen revealed the presence of an unsuspected asymptomatic bronchogenic carcinoma that rapidly developed widespread metastases. Metastasis to the eye from bronchogenic carcinoma may occur simultaneously with orbital metastasis, and this may be associated with rapid progression and growth.
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PMID:Simultaneous ocular and orbital involvement from metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma. 716 36

A 7 year-old girl is described with a de novo deletion of the short arm of chromosome 10 (qter p13:). The clinical features of: mental retardation, a large asymmetric head, antimongoloid slant, exophthalmos, epicanthus, ptosis, abnormal ears, pectus excavatum and widely spaced nipples are compared with those of five earlier reported cases with a deletion 10p. The data available suggest the existence of a clinically recognizable monosomy 10p syndrome.
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PMID:Partial monosomy 10p syndrome. 730 36

The authors describe a patient who had epiphora and lacrimal outflow obstruction associated with proptosis and prolapse of orbital fat into the eyelids. The patient's puncta remained opposed throughout the blink cycle. A bilateral transcutaneous orbital fat decompression was done via upper eyelid crease and lower eyelid infraciliary incisions. Significant extraconal fat was removed. Two months after surgery, the epiphora had completely resolved, and proptosis and eyelid fullness had decreased.
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PMID:Epiphora secondary to punctal apposition in the setting of Graves' orbitopathy. 765 15

A 62-year-old man presented with progressive diplopia, left ptosis, proptosis, complete ophthalmoplegia, facial numbness, and headache of 2 1/2 months' duration. The symptoms started 1 month after surgical resection of a squamous cell carcinoma in the left side of the forehead. Imaging studies helped localize the lesion, correlating with clinical features. The differential diagnosis is discussed. The final diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy.
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PMID:Ophthalmoplegia and facial numbness following treated squamous carcinoma of the forehead. 771 37

An 8-year-old rabbit was referred to an ophthalmologist because of intermittent bilateral exophthalmos and prolapse of the nictitating membranes. Both eyes could be retropulsed normally, and the exophthalmos was induced with ventroflexion. The rabbit had moderate hypercalcemia and a large mediastinal mass that could be seen on thoracic radiographs. The rabbit's condition was unchanged for 5 months. It was reexamined because of weight loss and paroxysmal coughing and, at that time, was thin and tachypneic, and had reduced thoracic compliance. Thoracotomy was performed, and a 5-cm-diameter encapsulated mass, subsequently determined histologically to be thymoma, was removed. The rabbit was euthanatized after surgery because of complications. The periodic exophthalmos and hypercalcemia in this rabbit were believed to be paraneoplastic syndromes.
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PMID:Thymoma in a geriatric rabbit with hypercalcemia and periodic exophthalmos. 778 33

Superior orbital fissure syndrome is a rare condition that presents itself as gross and persistent edema of the periorbital tissues, proptosis, subconjunctival ecchymosis, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, dilation of the pupil, absence of direct light reflex and presence of consensual light reflex. The corneal reflex is lost, sensation is diminished over the forehead, and it is possible that the dimensions of the superior orbital fissure are reduced. Infection, however, is not often reported as the etiology. The case presented here describes an unusual occurrence of superior orbital fissure syndrome secondary to an infected dentigerous cyst of the maxillary sinus and its management.
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PMID:Superior orbital fissure syndrome. Secondary to infected dentigerous cyst of the maxillary sinus. 780 20

Systemic administration of murine monoclonal acetylcholinesterase antibodies to rats has been shown to cause selective degeneration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. In the present study rats were subjected to a single i.v. injection of these acetylcholinesterase antibodies, or to normal IgG or saline for control. Exophthalmos, piloerection and eyelid-drooping (ptosis) were observed within 1 h after administration of the antibodies. Rats were killed at different time-points after antibody administration, and the adrenal glands were analysed by means of indirect immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry. As soon as 3 h after the antibody treatment, a marked increase in the number of chromaffin cells expressing mRNA encoding, respectively, enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, galanin, neurotensin and substance P was seen. At 12 h the peptide mRNA levels were still elevated and there was a concomitant increase in the number of peptide-immunoreactive cells. All peptide levels remained high for at least 48 h; however, 77 days after the antibody treatment only enkephalin-immunoreactive cells could be encountered. A disappearance of acetylcholinesterase- and enkephalin-immunoreactive cells could be encountered. A disappearance of acetylcholinesterase- and enkephalin-positive fibers was already seen 3 h after the antibody treatment, and after 24 h no fibers were encountered. In contrast, up until 48 h there was no apparent change in the number or intensity of immunofluorescent fibers expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide, galanin, neurotensin or substance P. However, 77 days after the antibody treatment the number of calcitonin gene-related peptide- and substance P-immunoreactive fibers was increased as compared to controls. In addition, reappearance of acetylcholinesterase- and enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers was seen 77 days after antibody administration, although their number was still low as compared to controls. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry revealed that the chromaffin cells expressing peptides after the antibody treatment preferentially were adrenaline storing cells (noradrenaline-negative). The majority of these cells expressed only one peptide. Both surgical transection of the splanchnic nerve as well as treatment with acetylcholine receptor antagonists mimicked the effects seen after the acetylcholinesterase-antibody treatment, although changes were less pronounced. The present results show that interruption of splanchnic transmission induces fast, marked, and selective increases in peptide expression in rat adrenal chromaffin cells.
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PMID:Immunologically induced sympathectomy of preganglionic nerves by antibodies against acetylcholinesterase: increased levels of peptides and their messenger RNAs in rat adrenal chromaffin cells. 781 1

Mucormycosis, an uncommon opportunistic fungal infection, usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. It is rapidly progressive and almost always fatal. Patients with lymphoma are susceptible to pulmonary or disseminated mucormycosis, whereas rhinocerebral mucormycosis in such patients, as far as we know, is rarely reported. We present a patient with malignant lymphoma who exhibited such an acute rhinocerebral infection after chemotherapy which manifested initially as a stuffy nose and intractable headache. Then ptosis, proptosis, chemosis and multiple cranial nerve palsies appeared. Eschar was found in the nasal cavity. Direct KOH smear and tissue biopsy revealed mucormycotic infection. He survived because of early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
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PMID:[Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a case of malignant lymphoma]. 785 31


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