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 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The superior orbital fissure syndrome is a very rare condition, characterized by a fixed dilated pupil, ptosis and proptosis of the eye and ophthalmoplegia. We have had the opportunity to observe a number of such cases, and now report four of them.
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PMID:The superior orbital fissure syndrome. 386 May 88

Of 76 children with histiocytosis X 18 had orbital involvement, and four developed additional neuro-ophthalmic complications. No instance of intraocular involvement was detected. Among those patients with ophthalmic involvement the main problems were bilateral or unilateral proptosis, ptosis, papilloedema, optic atrophy, and seventh nerve palsy. Only one patient developed a severe visual defect. Management of the ophthalmological complications depends not only on the extent of the orbital disease but also on the degree of systemic involvement. Overall management by a paediatric oncologist is mandatory.
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PMID:Histiocytosis X: an ophthalmological review. 387 Nov 58

In 16 children with orbitocranial fibrous dysplasia confirmed histopathologically, facial asymmetry, orbital dystopia, and unilateral proptosis were the main presenting problems. Five children had radiological evidence of narrowing of the optic canal but only two developed optic atrophy and visual loss. One patient had persistent epiphora due to involvement of the bony nasolacrimal duct. Sixteen patients were treated by excision of the dysplastic bone and 15 had immediate craniofacial reconstruction. A good cosmetic and functional result was achieved in the majority of cases although transient vertical diplopia and minor degrees of ptosis occurred postoperatively in about a third. Fibrous dysplasia of the orbit is progressive in childhood and is best managed by radical surgery and reconstruction in a specialized craniofacial unit.
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PMID:Fibrous dysplasia of the orbit in childhood. Clinical features and management. 397 91

Esthesioneuroblastoma, a tumor that arises from the olfactory sensory epithelium, often manifests with ocular and orbital signs and symptoms. A review of 38 cases of esthesioneuroblastoma at the Mayo Clinic revealed that ophthalmic signs or symptoms occurred in 28. Twenty patients had ophthalmic signs or symptoms at the time of presentation, and five of these had ocular symptoms as the primary complaint. Five patients presented to an ophthalmologist, but a nasal or paranasal sinus tumor was not suspected. Periorbital pain and excessive tearing were the most commonly reported symptoms. The most common ophthalmic sign was eyelid edema followed by proptosis, globe injection, and ptosis. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of neoplasms of the nose and paranasal sinuses and consideration of esthesioneuroblastoma in the differential diagnosis by clinicians and pathologists allow for prompt management of this tumor.
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PMID:Ophthalmic manifestations of esthesioneuroblastoma. 408 29

Two middle-aged women presented with bilateral acute painful proptosis, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and visual loss. In both an initial diagnosis of orbital cellulitis was made, but they did not respond to systemic antibiotics. Orbital computerised tomographic (CT) scans were thus done within 36 h of admission and they showed grossly enlarged extraocular muscles in each case suggestive of dysthyroid eye disease. Clinical examination was otherwise normal. When high doses of systemic steroids were substituted for the antibiotics the physical signs resolved rapidly, accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the size of extraocular muscles on CT scanning. One patient subsequently became clinically hypothyroid, while the other showed clinical and biochemical evidence of thyroid overactivity. These case-reports suggest that patients with bilateral acute painful proptosis should have an early CT scan to exclude atypical dysthyroid disease. Delay in giving systemic steroids may allow the development of unnecessary visual loss due to optic nerve damage.
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PMID:Graves' disease presenting with bilateral acute painful proptosis, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and visual loss. 614 3

Thirteen patients complained of recent fluctuating aching of one orbit, punctuated by stabbing pains. All had exquisite point tenderness over the trochlea and in half of the patients the pain was aggravated by eye movement. Standardized A-scan echography demonstrated swelling of the peritrochlear tissue and thickening of the superior oblique muscle with low internal acoustic reflectivity, typical of myositis. CT scan showed a soft tissue density in the region of the trochlea. Biopsy, performed on two patients, revealed peri-trochlear inflammation. In all patients the symptoms resolved within a period of weeks or months: indomethacin or naproxen were not effective, but oral or locally injected corticosteroids shortened the course compared to no treatment. None of the patients had ptosis, proptosis, Brown's syndrome, or a click, nor did they have echographic or radiographic signs of sinusitis or inflammation away from the trochlea. This probably represents a highly localized subtype of idiopathic orbital inflammation ("pseudotumor").
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PMID:Trochleitis with superior oblique myositis. 638 70

Since the first reports of pituitary oncocytoma by Kovacs and Horvath, and Landolt and Oswald increasing numbers of cases have been reported with the advent of electron microscopy. It has been posturated that more cases were not precisely diagnosed because of lack of electron microscopic study. We reported two cases of pituitary oncocytoma and discussed clinicopathological aspects. Case 1 A 66-year-old woman had a 6 year history of visual impairment. Neurological examination revealed loss of vision on the left and decreased visual acuity (0.3) with temporal hemianopsia on the right. The endocrinological study revealed moderate panhypopituitarism. Plain skull X-ray, computed tomography and cerebral angiography showed the findings of a pituitary tumor with suprasellar extension. Subfrontal removal of the tumor followed by irradiation was performed. Case 2 A 50-year-old man was well until 8 years previously, when he experienced loss of libido. Three years before entry, the left sided exophthalmos and ptosis were noted. Neurological examination showed a severe visual impairment with a bitemporal field defect, bilateral optic atrophy and disturbance of eye movements on the left. Endocrinological study revealed panhypopituitarism. Radiological studies showed a pituitary tumor with a suprasellar extension and an invasion into the left orbital cavity. Transcranial and then transsphenoidal partial removal of the tumor were done followed by irradiation. Histological examination of the tumors revealed a poorly granurated adenoma with very weak affinity to acid dyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pituitary oncocytoma]. 650 55

Although the morphine withdrawal syndrome has been well described in the rat, a syndrome having similar characteristics has not been demonstrated following chronic methadone treatment. In this study we describe the behavioral effects produced by naloxone (4 mg/kg sc) following 72 hours of continuous iv infusion of methadone, (12.2 micrograms/kg/min), morphine (12.2 to 97.9 micrograms/kg/min) or saline. The cessation of methadone or morphine but not saline treatment followed by naloxone resulted in graded signs including wet dog shakes, escape attempts, self-stimulation and body weight loss and quantal signs including diarrhea, ear blanching, exophthalmos, ptosis, tachypnea and teeth chattering. These results indicate that this mode of methadone administration produces physical dependence characterized by a morphine-like withdrawal syndrome in the rat.
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PMID:Methadone induced physical dependence in the rat. 653 54

A comparison of several methods for developing physical dependence to morphine was made. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with morphine-admixed food (drug-admixed food, DAF; 0.5 and 1 mg/g food), morphine slow release emulsion (SRE; 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and morphine (75 mg) pellets. In the SRE and pellet methods, the typical signs of morphine toxicity, such as catatonia, exophthalmos and shallow respiratory movements, were observed 15-20 min after the treatment and these signs were maintained for 14-18 hr. In rats treated with SRE and pellets, plasma morphine levels reached a maximum 1 day after the morphine treatment, and subsequently decreased, while plasma morphine levels in rats treated with DAF increased treatment period-dependently. Withdrawal signs precipitated by naloxone (3 mg/kg, sc) in rats treated with DAF, SRE and pellets were characterized by loss of body weight, shaking, vocalization, diarrhea, ptosis, tooth-chattering, nose bleed, salivation and lacrimation. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs reached a maximum 1-2 days after treatment with SRE and pellets, and were correlated with the duration of DAF treatment. Rats treated with DAF, SRE (150 and 225 mg/kg) and pellets for 3 days, manifested loss of body weight, diarrhea etc. after the morphine withdrawal. Maximum body weight loss in each group was 7-10% at 1-2 days after the morphine withdrawal. It was thus, concluded that physical dependence on morphine can be induced rapidly by these three methods. However, the SRE and pellet methods induced morphine toxicity and it was difficult to maintain physical dependence on morphine in these rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparison of three methods of inducing physical dependence to morphine in rats using short-term medication]. 654 77

Intraorbital amyloidosis has rarely been described. This case is unique in its referral pattern, isolated levator muscle involvement, and lack of a palpable mass, proptosis, and extraocular muscle involvement. Amyloidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ptosis.
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PMID:Amyloid infiltration of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle: case report. 657 43


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