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Seven cases of idiopathic Horner's Syndrome in the Collie are described. Five males and two females presented with unilateral miosis, ptosis of the upper eyelid, enophthalmos and protrusion of the third eyelid. Thorough examination, pharmacological testing with phenylephrine, complete blood counts and radiography of the tympanic bullae and thorax were performed. The etiology was not identified in any of the cases. Clinical signs improved with pharmacologic testing within 20-40 min. In five dogs, total resolution of clinical signs was observed at 4 and 16 weeks after their initial appearance. Pharmacological testing suggested that the deficit could be at the preganglionic neuron.
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PMID:Idiopathic Horner's syndrome in collie dogs. 1139 4

Although oculosympathetic lesions were described in the early 18th century in animal experiments, detailed description in humans, with the well-known triad of miosis, ptosis and enophthalmos comprising Horner's syndrome, is accredited to the Swiss ophthalmologist Friedrich Horner (1831-1886). This paper briefly reviews the symptoms and localization of the lesion with currently available diagnostic aids, and sketches the eponymous life behind Horner's syndrome.
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PMID:The man behind the syndrome: Friedrich Horner. 1161 33

We have analyzed the etiological causes of ptosis in a retrospective study of 484 cases undergoing operation. This study has confirmed how difficult it is to classify ptosis despite the different existing classifications. Some authors divide ptosis into two groups: congenital and acquired. These classifications seem to have been abandoned now for classifications based on the mechanism that instigates ptosis rather than the moment when the deficit developed. We chose to classify ptosis into five subgroups: myogenic (42% of the cases studied), aponeurotic (35.3%), neurogenic (6.8%), mixed (15.9%), and pseudoptosis (enophthalmos, eyelid tumor, hypotropia, etc.), the latter of which were removed from this series. This classification is based on clinical and surgical criteria. It has the advantages of unity, simplicity, and practicality in terms of establishing a treatment plan for a given ptosis patient. Indeed, each subgroup requires a particular clinical examination and a more stereotyped surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Etiologic causes of ptosis about a serie of 484 cases. To a new classification?]. 1252 24

Results of ophthalmologic examinations of a total of 65 patients with traumatic orbit deformations and a pronounced dislocation of the eyeball (a mean time elapsed from trauma to surgery is 19 months) are presented in the article. Enophthalmos was diagnosed in 89% of patients, ptosis of the eyeball--in 69% of patients and ophthalmoplegia--in 77% of patients. Pathology of the posterior eye segment was recorded in a majority of cases, while pathology of the optic nerve was recorded in more than 43% of cases. Inferior orbital wall plasty was performed in all patients. A reduced optic neuropathy (a mean postoperative follow-up of 15 months) was registered in a number of cases after the surgical repositioning of the eyeball and conservative treatment.
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PMID:[Ophthalmologic aspects in the treatment of traumatic orbit deformity]. 1269 88

Tube thoracostomy is a common therapeutic approach applied in medical practice. Certain complications of this procedure have been described in the literature. Oculosympathetic paresis, or Horner's syndrome, occurs from the interruption of second order preganglionic neurons and manifests as miosis, ptosis, hemifacial anhidrosis and enophthalmos. Iatrogenic Horner's syndrome, on the other hand, very rarely couples with tube thoracostomy. Only seven cases have been described in the literature, two of whom were in the pediatric age group. Herein we present a three-year-old girl operated for diaphragmatic hernia who later developed Horner's syndrome at the same side of the thorax tube. Upon the development of the pathology, the tube was repositioned and after one month only a slight ptosis persisted. Our patient seems to be the third case described in the literature. The clinical significance of this pathology is assessed in this report.
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PMID:Horner's syndrome secondary to tube thoracostomy. 1521 55

Significant orbital trauma can result in orbital floor fractures with subsequent prolapse of the orbital contents into the paranasal sinuses. Prolapse of the periorbita can result in extraocular muscle entrapment, diplopia, enophthalmos, and even visual loss. Management of orbital floor fractures traditionally has been accomplished through transconjunctival and subciliary incisions. These approaches provide adequate visualization and cosmetically acceptable scars. Unfortunately, post-operative lid malposition can occur in a small percentage of cases. Another limitation is easy visibility of the posterior orbit, which often is obscured by prolapsed orbital fat. In light of these limitations, some surgeons have begun to evaluate an endoscopic approach to orbital floor fractures. The endoscopic approach offers a hidden incision, improved fracture visualization, and avoidance of post-operative eyelid malposition. This article reviews the indications, technique, and potential complications of endoscopic orbital blow-out fracture repair.
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PMID:Endoscopic repair of orbital floor fractures. 1738 11

A 3-month-old girl was presented with a right-sided neck mass present since birth and accompanied by homolateral miosis, ptosis and enophthalmos (Horner's syndrome). Diagnostic work-up revealed an underlying cervical neuroblastoma. Although the association of Horner's syndrome with acquired neuroblastoma is well-known and of value in early diagnosing of such a tumor, it can also be a presenting or accompanying sign in rare cases of congenital neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Congenital Horner's syndrome associated with cervical neuroblastoma. 1659 84

Significant orbital trauma can result in orbital floor fractures with subsequent prolapse of the orbital contents into the paranasal sinuses. Prolapse of the periorbita can result in extraocular muscle entrapment, diplopia, enophthalmos, and even visual loss. Management of orbital floor fractures traditionally has been accomplished through transconjunctival and subciliary incisions. These approaches provide adequate visualization and cosmetically acceptable scars. Unfortunately, post-operative lid malposition can occur in a small percentage of cases. Another limitation is easy visibility of the posterior orbit, which often is obscured by prolapsed orbital fat. In light of these limitations, some surgeons have begun to evaluate an endoscopic approach to orbital floor fractures. The endoscopic approach offers a hidden incision, improved fracture visualization, and avoidance of post-operative eyelid malposition. This article reviews the indications, technique, and potential complications of endoscopic orbital blow-out fracture repair.
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PMID:Endoscopic repair of orbital floor fractures. 1646 78

Ten cases of equine Horner's syndrome were reviewed. None of the clinical signs in this series were transient (<48 hours). Sweating and ptosis were consistently observed by the attending clinician in over half of the affected horses. Enophthalmos and prolapse of the third eyelid were not reported consistently. The average duration of the clinical signs was 4.94 months and ranged from 14 days to 15 months. Eight of the ten horses developed associated complications, some of which affected performance. Airway obstruction and impedance of passage of a fiberoptic endoscope due to nasal mucosal edema occurred in five horses. Facial paralysis (4/10) and laryngeal hemiplegia (2/10), which are not direct features of Horner's syndrome, were also observed.
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PMID:Horner's syndrome in ten horses. 1742 2

Horner's syndrome (HS) is related to an interruption of the oculosympathetic nerve pathway. The classic clinical findings associated with this condition are ptosis, miosis, and enophthalmos. Heterochromia is typically described in congenital HS, but it is an uncommon finding in acquired HS. We report a case of post-traumatic HS associated with heterochromia. A literature review indicates that this type of heterochromia may be related to a reduction in the number of iris melanocytes. This mechanism may be the same in the physiological iris color modifications in adulthood.
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PMID:[Iris heterochromia in acquired Horner's syndrome]. 1787 17


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