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 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We repaired late, posttraumatic enophthalmos in 21 patients by inserting a large, soft, Silastic block through a lower eyelid flap and transconjunctival approach to the orbit. These blocks were hand carved at the time of surgery to match bony defects as characterized by hypocycloidal tomographic biometry. Enophthalmos and hypo-ophthalmos were ameliorated with acceptable appearance in all cases. No implant rejections, migrations, or infections were found. Complications included upper eyelid blepharoptosis, lower eyelid retraction, and conjunctival prolapse. The improvements were stable over a median follow-up of 13 months.
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PMID:Custom orbital implant in the repair of late posttraumatic enophthalmos. 266 71

The effects of the venom of the spider Latrodectus mactans hasselti on the superior cervical ganglion were studied in the guinea pig. Under anaesthesia the ganglion was bathed in venom solution for 15 min. Shortly afterwards animals salivated profusely and later developed unilateral ptosis and enophthalmos. Postoperative survival times ranged from 15 min to 10 weeks. Electron microscopy showed acute swelling of preganglionic cholinergic nerve terminals, followed by degeneration with separation of synapses. Other ganglionic elements appeared to be undamaged, although after detachment of synapses the dendritic postsynaptic specializations were reduced in number. Recovery was very rapid; axon growth cones were identifiable at 18 h and synapse reformation was well established by 2 weeks. With longer survival times there was progressive restoration of normal morphology such that by 8 weeks regeneration appeared complete. These experiments indicate that the preganglionic cholinergic nerve terminals are selectively affected by Latrodectus venom and have a considerable capacity for appropriate regeneration.
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PMID:Degeneration and regeneration in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion after Latrodectus venom. 274 11

Orbital fractures should be evaluated by CT in frontal and transverse planes. The significance of blow-out floor and medial wall fractures is discussed. Limitation of inferior rectus muscle mobility is thought to be a result of edema, enophthalmos, fat prolapse or scar tissue formation, rather than muscle incarceration. The consequent therapeutic attitude implies a rigorous preoperative exploration by CT or for some orbital floor fractures by MR.
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PMID:[Computed tomography in the evaluation of orbital fractures]. 279 18

Breast carcinoma metastatic to the orbit presented in four patients as a diffuse mass lesion. Clinical findings included restricted ocular motility, palpable mass, enophthalmos, and ptosis. The delay in diagnosis in three cases was due to subtle early findings, the long time interval from the primary breast lesion, lack of other metastases, and, in each of the four cases, the patient's reluctance to disclose any history of breast disease. Pathologic examination of the orbital breast metastases revealed two types: an adenocarcinomatous pattern with nests of pleomorphic malignant appearing cells and a histiocytoid variant with bland, large cells similar to histiocytes.
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PMID:Breast carcinoma metastatic to the orbit. 315 74

The technique of subperiosteal implantation of multiple, small glass beads for correction of enophthalmos associated with anophthalmos was first described in 1967. Reported complications of this procedure include ptosis, anesthesia of the distribution of the supraorbital or infraorbital nerve, and migration of the implants into the orbit or sinuses. A case of orbital cellulitis has been reported. We now report a case in which the extremely serious complication of intracranial migration of glass bead implants, with subsequent cerebrospinal fluid leak, occurred 17 years postimplantation.
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PMID:Complications following enucleation and implantation of multiple glass spheres in the orbit. 315 85

Horner's syndrome (cervical sympathetic paralysis) typically includes ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos and facial anhidrosis. However, the effect of sympathetic denervation upon the nasal mucosa should be included as a prominent feature, since nasal obstruction is often the most disabling sequel. The anatomical, physiological, and historical basis is discussed and surgical management suggested.
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PMID:Nasal obstruction after cervical sympathectomy: Horner's syndrome revisited. 317 78

Symptomatic maxillary sinus cysts are diagnosed less frequently than similar cysts of the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses and are rarely reported in the ophthalmic literature. Patients with cysts of the maxillary sinus may present to the ophthalmologist with proptosis, enophthalmos, diplopia, ptosis, epiphora, and, rarely, decreased visual acuity. Four patients with maxillary sinus mucoceles are presented; one of these patients had a concurrent retention cyst in the orbit. Clinical history, radiologic findings, and histopathologic mechanisms are discussed. Mucocele is a recognized complication of the Caldwell-Luc procedure and midface trauma. Blockage of the sinus ostia was the cause previously proposed to explain antral mucocele development. Clinical and histopathologic features may support more than one single mechanism for the pathogenesis of maxillary sinus cysts. Maxillary sinus mucocele or retention cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of exophthalmos or enophthalmos following blowout fracture of the orbital floor.
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PMID:Destructive cysts of the maxillary sinus affecting the orbit. 317 50

Thirty-eight patients with computed tomography (CT)-proven orbital fractures and diplopia were studied prospectively to determine the efficacy of steroids in the medical management of orbital fractures. The protocol is based on double-blind assignments to steroid (ST) and non-steroid (NT) treatment groups. Outcome analysis was based on sorting fractures into three CT classes: I-without soft tissue prolapse (n = 15); II-with soft tissue prolapse (n = 14); and III-CT evidence of inferior rectus entrapment (n = 9). Results included resolution of diplopia without surgery in both ST and NT groups in CT classes I and II. Median time course of resolution was compressed to less than 5 days in the ST treatment group, however, versus 13 days in the nontreatment group. All fractures in class III had residual diplopia with five of nine patients having surgical results that were enhanced in the ST treatment group. In addition, enophthalmos was unmasked in the ST treatment group within 1 week of treatment versus 5 months without treatment. A protocol for medical management and surgical decision-making in blowout fracture is presented.
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PMID:Steroids and orbital blowout fractures--a new systematic concept in medical management and surgical decision-making. 345 12

Enucleation without using an orbital implant often causes enophthalmos, deep upper eyelid sulcus, ptosis and laxity of the lower lid. These signs constitute the post-enucleation socket syndrome. In order to cope with it, mainly the volume deficit of the orbit has to be filled with a silicone implant encased in homologous sclera. A new fixation technique of the sclera-silicone implant in the oribital cavity is described: an strong connection between sclera and orbital connective tissue can be achieved my means of the fibrin sealing method. In most cases adequate volume replacement can be achieved by using this technique. In addition the mobility of the artificial eye can be improved. Possible complications are discussed and the results are demonstrated.
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PMID:The treatment of the post-enucleation socket syndrome. 347 Mar 13

Mucoceles involving any of the paranasal sinuses may present with ophthalmic disturbances. Maxillary antral mucoceles can encroach on the inferior orbit with ocular displacement and compression, proptosis or enophthalmos, lower lid distortion, tethering of extraocular muscles, and ptosis. Periocular pain, erosion of the inferior orbital rim, infraorbital nerve compression, epiphora, and inner canthal swellings are other important presentations. Postoperative mucoceles may involve only a portion of the antrum. Five illustrative cases are presented.
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PMID:Ophthalmic manifestations of maxillary sinus mucoceles. 365 61


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