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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a 2 year carcinogenicity bioassay using B6C3F1 mice, one male mouse developed clinical signs near termination of the study, comprising skin sores around the prepuce, penile prolapse and urine scalding. The predominant finding at necropsy was a markedly distended urinary bladder filled with numerous crystallized particles. Microscopically, there was subacute cystitis with marked hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium. X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystals showed a diffraction pattern characteristic of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate). The implications of the spontaneous occurrence of bladder stones in rodents on long-term toxicology studies are discussed.
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PMID:Struvite urolithiasis in a B6C3F1 mouse. 144 6

Of 420 female patients examined by means of colpo-cysto-urethrography 51 patients presented posterior bladder suspension defects. Two distinct forms were seen:1. Trigonocele (22 patients)--a downward herniation of the trigone between the postero-inferiorly displaced vagina and the bladder neck, which is retained in a nearly normal position by muscle fibers from the pubococcygeal muscle and the pubovesical ligaments. Symptoms were mostly those associated with prolapse. Stress incontinence was rare, while urge incontinence, cystitis and retention of urine were seen. The morphology varied from cases where the herniation disappeared during detrusor contraction (compensated trigonocele) through typical forms to transitional forms between trigonocele and posterior bladder descent. 2. Posterior bladder descent (29 patients) comprises postero-inferior displacement of the vagina and bladder base together. Two subgroups are discernible: A. Bladder descent even at rest (16 patients). B. Bladder descent only during micturition (13 patients). Symptoms were varied, but stress incontinence was found in 31 per cent in group A, and 62 per cent in group B. Morphological forms varied from two cases that were normalized in position during detrusor contraction (compensated descent) to total prolapse during micturition.
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PMID:Posterior bladder suspension defects in the female. A radiological classification with urodynamic and clinical evaluation. 745 99

The objective of the study was to assess the effects of low-dose vaginal treatment with oestradiol before vaginal operation. In a double-blind randomized study including 43 postmenopausal women scheduled for vaginal repair operation for genital descensus, it was found that 7 patients suffered from concomitant urinary stress incontinence. Vagifem (25 micrograms oestradiol) or placebo was administered as vaginal pessaries daily, 3 weeks prior to surgery and the clinical effects evaluated. One month postoperatively the prevalence of bacteriuria (> 100,000 CFU/ml urine) was significantly lower when using oestradiol than in the placebo group. At follow-up 3 years later 40 women (93%) answered the questionnaires. None received hormone replacement therapy. Nineteen percent in the preoperative oestradiol group and 11% in the preoperative placebo group had had more than two episodes of cystitis treated with antibiotics. This difference is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Recurrent cystitis was not correlated to bacteriuria postoperatively. Seventy-nine percent of the women with genital prolapse but only 29% of the women with concomitant urinary stress incontinence were cured (p < 0.05). Neither preoperative oestradiol treatment nor body weight had any influence on relapse. Preoperative low-dose vaginal oestradiol treatment may reduce the incidence of bacteriuria in the immediate postoperative period but no long-lasting effects on recurrent cystitis or relapse were seen. Longer-lasting hormone replacement therapy may be necessary to achieve lasting effects.
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PMID:Clinical effects of preoperative oestradiol treatment before vaginal repair operation. A double-blind, randomized trial. 857 90

Few peoples of the world have completely avoided the practice of ritual mutilation, which at present appears particularly widespread in Africa. This article discusses several forms of mutilation practiced in Africa, most of which are currently rare and disappearing. Cranial deformation due to mechanical pressure in the early years of life was common in Africa and elsewhere, but its origins are difficult to trace. Collars were worn by females in some parts of Africa to elongate the neck, sometimes so weakening the skeletal structure that the head could not be held upright without the device. Many women subjected to their use died at young ages of cerebral vascular accidents. The shortening of the uvula is regarded as a benign mutilation, but could result in infection and death due to the unsanitary conditions in which it was practiced. Perforations of the nose, lips, or ears to permit use of personal adornments were common. Filing of teeth and scarring were other techniques of uncertain origin. Among genital mutilations, circumcision was the most widely known and commonly practiced. It was usually performed on boys of 7-12 years and was invested with ritual significance. Amputation of the gland by unskilled operators or later development of pseudoelephantiasis, nodules, penile fistulas, or stenosis were not rare complications. The custom of excising the clitoris and the labia minora was imported from the Near East and spread west and south with the penetration of Islam. It is still carried out at puberty. Although life-threatening complications are rare, local sequelae including urinary problems, vaginal obstruction, and scleroses leading to vesicovaginal fistulas during childbirth are common. The motive appears to be to prove the subordination of women and the prohibition of all sexual pleasure. Infibulation involves excision of the external genitalia and the creation of an orifice the size of a pencil to allow escape of menstrual fluid and urine. The operation is performed on little girls of 7 or 8. The husband creates a small opening at the time of marriage, and the woman is cut open and sewn up at each delivery. The complications are variable and may include local infection, hemorrhage, anemia, clitoral cysts, cystitis and acute urinary retention, vesical lithiasis, and psychic problems. Disinfibulation is complicated by sectioning of the anal sphincter, bladder damage, and uterine prolapse. The custom is only seen among Islamic peoples.
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PMID:[Problems related to African customs and ritual mutilations]. 1231 26

Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), a less-invasive variation of the suburethral sling, has been rapidly gaining popularity worldwide in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. We report on two cases of bladder stones composed of fatty acid calcium following TVT operations. Case 1: A 76-year-old woman with a history of hysterectomy due to cervical cancer was suffering from vault prolapse. The insertion of a ring pessary lead to the development of stress urinary incontinence, and she was referred to our hospital. As she was frail, sexually inactive, and elderly, she underwent partial colpocleisis (Le Fort operation) combined with a TVT operation. One-month postoperative videourodynamics and chain cystourethrography (CUG) using olive oil as the lubricant showed cure of incontinence and mild support of the urethra. Her maximum flow rate was 18.8 ml/s and no residual urine was observed. Six months postoperatively she developed postmiction pain and pyuria that were not improved by antibiotics. Cystoscopy showed a small bladder stone, whose removal cured cystitis. Case 2: A 49-year-old woman, with a history of abdominal hysterectomy due to myoma uteri, visited our hospital complaining of stress urinary incontinence. A periurethral collagen injection was only temporarily effective, and she underwent a TVT operation. A 1-month postoperative evaluation including chain CUG using olive oil as the lubricant showed cure of incontinence, mild support of the urethra, a maximum flow rate of 28.8 ml/s, and no residual urine. Two months postoperatively she developed miction pain and pyuria that were solved by removing a small bladder stone. Anti-incontinence surgery increases the risk of developing bladder stones due to either foreign bodies (bladder erosion) or obstruction. However, neither of our cases had these conditions; instead, both bladder stones were composed of fatty acid calcium that appeared to be related to the olive oil used as the lubricant in chain CUG. Only four cases (including ours) of bladder stones composed of fatty acid calcium have been documented, but they may indicate that care is necessary when using olive oil as a contrast medium or lubricant in the urinary tract. When a woman with a history of anti-incontinence surgery has persisting or recurrent cystitis, cystoscopy should be performed to exclude bladder erosion and stones.
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PMID:[Bladder stone caused by olive oil following TVT operation]. 1608 36

Sensory urgency appears mostly in patients with a specific or non specific cystitis, interstitial cystitis, intravesical foreign bodies, bladder carcinoma and carcinoma of the prostate, infravesical obstruction, estrogen deficiency and in some neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze and explain the relation between vaginal vault prolapse and sensory urgency. Clinical courses of 64 patients with cystocoele, which between 1999 and January 2006 have been treated on the Clinic of urology, University Hospital, Rijeka, Croatia, were analyzed retrospectively. On physical examination, using the International Society for Continence staging system we found that 4 (0.6%) had grade II, 29 (45.3%) had grade III, and 31 (48.4%) had grade IV cystocoele. Forty-seven (73.4%) women had urgency, for minimally 6 months to many years before the vaginal vault prolapse manifestation. In all but 3 (4.6%) an extended anterior vaginal colporaphy has been done, with only 1 (1.6%) recurrence of cystocele. It seems that sensory urgency may in fact be a predictor of cystocele.
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PMID:Cystocoele and sensory urgency--our experience. 1913 26