Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent advances in our knowledge of the pathophysiology and function of the intervertebral disc, in combination with the use of CT and MRI have changed radiological diagnostic algorithms and enlarged our diagnostic scope. Microfissures in the cartilage endplates of the disc and in the endplates of the vertebral bodies and anulus fibrosus are the sequelae of loss of hydration of the nucleus pulposus leading to instability and abnormal load stress. MRI shows these early degenerative changes in the disc, but also reactive processes in the disc and the neighbouring vertebral bodies. On conventional X-rays only segmental malfunctions are visualized. Protrusion and prolapse can be recognized very well by CT, but best of all by MRI. Myelography and discography are very invasive and rarely used. Very important is that protrusion and prolapse are very often diagnosed without any clinical symptoms and that both may heal without any treatment. Therefore conservative treatment of prolapse and/or protrusion is the management of choice. Blastoma and infection of the disc are found in the vast majority of cases only in combination with corresponding diseases of the vertebral bodies. The only important exception are small children, in whom primary bacterial infection of the disc is well known.
 ...
PMID:[Modern intervertebral disk diagnosis]. 823 69

The aim of this study is to examine the role of bacterial infection in complications following surgical management of urinary incontinence and genital prolapse using meshes. There were sixteen prostheses removed. Eight were monofilament polypropylene-knitted meshes, one was a silicone-coated polypropylene mesh, another was a collagen-coated polypropylene mesh, four were silicone-coated polyester meshes and two were polyester meshes. The most frequent cause for removal was symptomatic vaginal erosion (62%). Cultures were performed under aerobic, anaerobic and enrichment conditions. Infection was multimicrobial for 31% of meshes. When only one bacteria was found, it was Proteus mirabilis in 25% of cases. Forty-three per cent of bacterial quantifications were under 10(3) colony-forming units per millilitre. Bacterial contamination was found in all meshes, quantification was often low, and therefore, its exact role is not yet clear.
 ...
PMID:Bacteriological analysis of meshes removed for complications after surgical management of urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse. 1818 41

The authors describe pathological and microbiological features of mortalities in a captive breeding colony of Lord Howe Island stick insects ( Dryococelus australis) over a period of 18 months. There were 2 peaks of mortality in this period. In the first, insects presented dead with minimal premonitory signs of illness. In the second, affected insects were ataxic with contracted limbs and inability to climb or right themselves. Gross lesions were uncommon but included pigmented plaques on the gut and cloacal prolapse. Histological lesions in both outbreaks indicated a cellular innate immune response including nodulation characterized by Gram-negative bacterial bacilli entrapped within nodules of pigmented hemocytes, and melanization characterized by melanin within hemocyte nodules and around bacteria. Hemolymph culture findings varied and often yielded a mixed growth. Pure growth of Serratia marcescens was cultured in 44% of animals in Outbreak 1, while pure growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured in 30% of animals in Outbreak 2. Cases with S. marcescens-positive culture often showed inflammation at the foregut-midgut junction. The frequency of mixed bacterial culture results did not allow firm conclusions about causality to be made, and may indicate primary bacterial infection or increased susceptibility to hemolymph colonization with an opportunistic pathogen. These findings highlight the utility of histopathology combined with ancillary testing when investigating mortality in captive insect colonies.
 ...
PMID:Pathological and Microbiological Study of Mortality in a Captive Breeding Colony of the Endangered Lord Howe Island Stick Insect ( Dryococelus australis). 2966 Nov 23

Sepsis is recognized as a life-threatening organ dysfunctional disease that is caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Up to now, sepsis still remains a dominant cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death among severe condition patients. Pyroptosis, originally named after the Greek words "pyro" and "ptosis" in 2001, has been defined as a specific programmed cell death characterized by release of inflammatory cytokines. During sepsis, pyroptosis is required for defense against bacterial infection because appropriate pyroptosis can minimize tissue damage. Even so, pyroptosis when overactivated can result in septic shock, MODS, or increased risk of secondary infection. Proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) by caspase-1, caspase-4, caspase-5, and caspase-11 is an essential step for the execution of pyroptosis in activated innate immune cells and endothelial cells stimulated by cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cleaved GSDMD also triggers NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein (NLRP) 3-mediated activation of caspase-1 via an intrinsic pathway, while the precise mechanism underlying GSDMD-induced NLRP 3 activation remains unclear. Hence, this study provides an overview of the recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis in sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Recent Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pyroptosis in Sepsis. 2970 99