Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ileostomy polyps are uncommon and poorly described. The aim of this study was to undertake a retrospective clinicopathological review of ileostomy polyps. Seven patients with 60 polyps arising on ileostomies performed for ulcerative colitis were studied. The histopathological evaluation of archival ileostomy biopsy specimens, polypectomy or excision specimens, and clinical review of patient records was undertaken. Fifty of 60 polyps were inflammatory cap polyps and six further polyps were composed of granulation tissue only. They occurred anywhere on the stoma at any time after ileostomy construction and were strongly associated with overt stomal prolapse. Four neoplastic polyps were identified in two patients 27-36 years after ileostomy construction; all occurred at the mucocutaneous junction. One patient presented with a 2 cm polypoid invasive adenocarcinoma while in the second a 1.7 cm polypoid mucinous adenocarcinoma and a 0.7 cm ileal tubular adenoma with high grade dysplasia occurred at the site of excision of a cap polyp showing focal low grade adenomatous dysplasia six years previously. Neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps could not be differentiated clinically. It was found that most ileostomy polyps are inflammatory cap polyps associated with stomal prolapse. Less common are polypoid adenomas or adenocarcinomas arising at the mucocutaneous anastomosis > 20 years after ileostomy construction. To prevent ileostomy carcinoma it is recommended that a biopsy of all polyps at the mucocutaneous anastomosis and of any non-prolapse associated polyps elsewhere on the stoma occurring > 15 years after ileostomy construction is done.
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PMID:Ileostomy polyps, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas. 853 59

Prolapse of the fallopian tube through the vaginal vault is a rare, but possible complication after hysterectomy, and a tubal prolapse may be mistaken as granulation tissue or an adenocarcinoma. A possible treatment is vaginal extirpation with simultaneous laparoscopy. A case is presented and the relevant literature is reviewed.
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PMID:[Prolapse of the salpinx after hysterectomy]. 892 45

We examined retrospectively 100 sigmoid colon resection specimens removed for diverticulitis (DD [diverticular disease]-diverticulitis), 53 adenocarcinoma specimens that also had diverticulosis (DD-adenocarcinoma), and 50 adenocarcinoma specimens that did not have DD (adenocarcinoma only) to study the mucosal changes that occur in DD. Documenting these histologic features could be helpful in deciphering changes seen in colonoscopic biopsy specimens from the sigmoid colon in older patients. Prominent mucosal folds were present in approximately 90% of all DD specimens. Increased mucosal lymphoplasmacytic inflammation at the bases of the prominent folds was present in 15% and 9% of DD-diverticulitis and DD-adenocarcinoma specimens, respectively. Eleven percent of the DD-diverticulitis and 4% of the DD-adenocarcinoma specimens had prolapselike mucosal abnormalities of the mucosa on the surface of the prominent mucosal folds. Mildly increased lymphoplasmacytic inflammation surrounded the diverticulosis ostia in approximately 25% of all DD specimens. All the diverticulitis ostia had neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in the surrounding mucosa. No specimens had crypt distortion. Diverticular disease-related inflammation may be one cause of mild patchy inflammation that is occasionally observed in sigmoid colon biopsy specimens. Diverticular disease also should be considered as a cause of mucosal prolapse changes in sigmoid colon biopsy specimens. Other diseases should be considered when markedly increased mucosal inflammation, crypt distortion, or granulomas are present. Distinction between a DD-related incidental finding and a significant pathologic abnormality frequently can be made with the procurement of multiple biopsy specimens.
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PMID:Histology of the mucosa in sigmoid colon specimens with diverticular disease: observations for the interpretation of sigmoid colonoscopic biopsy specimens. 912 12

Patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) frequently present with a mass that can be misinterpreted as cancer. In contrast, the occurrence and characteristics of SRUS-like histopathology produced by underlying malignancy have not been reported in detail. We report seven patients whose rectal mass that was induced by infiltrating carcinoma showed only histopathologic changes of SRUS on initial mucosal biopsy specimens. Carcinoma was evident in subsequent specimens after one to five repeat biopsies with delay in diagnosis from 1 week to 18 months in six patients. In one patient, infiltrating carcinoma was suggested on the first biopsy specimen by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin. Three of the patients had primary rectal adenocarcinoma, two had metastatic carcinoma from stomach or ovary, and two had direct invasion of anal squamous cell carcinoma or prostatic adenocarcinoma. We conclude that the histopathology of SRUS may occasionally represent a characteristic but nonspecific mucosal reactive change to a deeper seated malignancy. The terminology "solitary rectal ulcer syndrome/mucosal prolapse changes" with a cautionary note may be useful for reporting biopsy results to emphasize the possibility of underlying primary or metastatic malignancy in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Malignant tumors in the rectum simulating solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in endoscopic biopsy specimens. 942 23

Extramammary Paget disease of the vulva was found in association with vulval adenocarcinoma in an elderly woman who also had a uterine prolapse. The characteristic histological appearances of extramammary Paget disease were masked by striking reactive changes in the squamous epithelium. Primary excision of both the intraepithelial and invasive disease appeared complete. However, a subsequent hysterectomy with repair of the prolapse revealed extramammary Paget disease in the upper vaginal mucosa and cervix, a finding which is very rarely described. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of extramammary Paget disease is discussed, with differential diagnosis and reference to immunohistochemical methods.
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PMID:Extension of extramammary Paget disease of the vulva to the cervix. 1060 11

We here report the incidental histological diagnosis of bilateral ovarial metastasis of a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient involved had undergone a vaginal hysterectomy with frontal and rear colporrhaphy on account of uterine and vaginal prolapse, and had requested a further "prophylactic adnexectomy". During the subsequent search for the primary tumor, a localised gastric carcinoma was diagnosed, concealed in the antrum.
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PMID:[Bilateral ovarian metastases of intestinal adenocarcinoma as an accidental result in macroscopic inconspicuous ovaries - a case report]. 1179 66

BACKGROUND: Fallopian tube prolapse as a complication of abdominal hysterectomy is a rare occurrence. A case with fallopian tube prolapse was managed by a combined vaginal and laparoscopic approach and description of the operative technique is presented. CASE PRESENTATION: A 39-year-old woman with vaginal prolapse of the fallopian tube after total abdominal hysterectomy presented with an incorrect diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the vaginal apex. The prolapsed tube and cystic ovary were removed by vaginal and laparoscopic approach. The postoperative course went well. CONCLUSIONS: Early or late fallopian tube prolapse can occur after total abdominal hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy. Symptoms consist of persistent blood loss or leukorrhea, dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain. Vaginal removal of prolapsed tube with laparoscopic surgery may be a suitable treatment. The abdominal or vaginal approach used in surgical correction of prolapsed tubes must be decided in each case according to the patient's individual characteristics.
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PMID:Laparoscopic management of fallopian tube prolapse masquerading as adenocarcinoma of the vagina in a hysterectomized woman. 1181 35

The aim of this study was to evaluate findings on CT colonography (CTC) in patients with diverticular disease. In a retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients, who underwent CTC and conventional colonoscopy (CC), patients with diverticular disease were retrieved. The CTC images were compared with CC and, if possible, with pathology. Findings on both 2D and 3D images are illustrated with emphasis on diagnostic problems and the possible solutions to overcome these problems. Several aspects of diverticulosis were detected: prediverticulosis (3%); global (55.6%); and focal wall thickening (4%) caused by thickened haustral folds, fibrosis, inflammation and adenocarcinoma; diverticula (52%); pseudopolypoid lesions caused by diverticular fecaliths (39%); inverted diverticula (1.2%); and mucosal prolapse (0.6%). Solutions to overcome pitfalls are described as abdominal windowing, content of the pseudopolypoid lesion, comparison of 2D and 3D images, prone-supine imaging and the aspect of the pericolic fat. In this series there were equivocal findings in case of mucosal prolapse (0.6%) and focal wall thickening (4%). Diverticulosis is a challenge for CTC to avoid false-positive diagnosis of polypoid and tumoral disease. Knowledge of possible false causes of polypoid disease and comparison of 2D and 3D images are necessary to avoid false-positive diagnosis. In case of equivocal findings additional conventional colonoscopy should be advised whenever a clinically significant lesion (> or = 1 cm) is suspected.
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PMID:Diverticular disease in CT colonography. 1501 68

The incidental finding of cancer in a hernial sac is rare, but there are many case reports in the literature. There has never been a report of carcinoma found in an enterocele sac. We present the case of a 77-year-old female with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse who presented for reconstructive pelvic surgery and was found to have metastatic adenocarcinoma contained within an enterocele sac. Incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic carcinoma found on typically discarded tissue from surgical procedures is rare. However, routine pathologic review of all tissue removed from a patient may save a life if carcinoma is found early.
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PMID:Metastatic colon carcinoma found within an enterocele sac: a case report. 1564 67

Studies have shown that COX-2 is up-regulated in several epithelial carcinomas. In this study, we wish to elucidate if endometrial cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma is increased relative to normal endometrium. Thirty-six deparaffinized tissue sections from patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of COX-2. A control group consisted of 13 age-matched patients without malignancy, who underwent surgery for uterine prolapse. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test; differences between groups were evaluated using the Fisher's Exact Test. We found that COX-2 expression was markedly increased in 13 of 36 patients (36.1%) with endometrial adenocarcinoma: in contrast only one of 13 (7.7%) control patients demonstrated increased COX-2 expression (p < or = 0.05). Eight of the 13 COX-2 positive patients in the study had well differentiated adenocarcinoma; the remaining five COX-2 positive patients had moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (4 and 1, respectively). In conclusion, COX-2 expression in the endometrium is associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma, especially of the well differentiated type. This may provide an avenue for chemoprevention of endometrial adenocarcinoma. In addition, with new selective inhibitory drugs being developed, inhibition of COX-2 may play an adjunctive role approach to standard therapy, especially for well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma. Further studies are required to investigate the role of COX-2 expression in carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in endometrial adenocarcinoma. 1599 24


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