Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-six patients with blepharospasm (mean age 56.9 years) received 248 injection treatments with botulinum A exotoxin (mean 3.1 treatments per patient): 87.0% of treatments led to total relief of spasms for a mean interval of 14.1 weeks. The average duration of response remained fairly constant over the first six injection series, although patients with the most severe spasms had shorter intervals than patients with less severe symptoms. Twenty patients with hemifacial spasm (mean age 56.9 years) received 44 treatments (mean 1.9 treatments per patient): In 93.1% of cases there was total relief of periocular and perioral spasms, with a mean interval of 17.4 weeks. The average duration of response for the third series of treatments was much shorter than the mean durations for the first two treatments. Side effects were always transient and included ptosis (23.3%), dry eyes (18.1%), tearing (5.5%), and strabismus (1.4%). No patient had a systemic reaction to the drug. Chronic benign eyelid fasciculations were also successfully treated in 3 patients with single treatments.
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PMID:Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and eyelid fasciculations. 320 10

Amblyopia, commonly known as "lazy eye," is a frequent but preventable cause of decreased vision. An anatomically normal eye, free from organic disease, has reduced vision compared with the other eye. Ptosis of the eyelids, strabismus, certain refractive disorders and other abnormalities may precede amblyopia. If discovered early enough, usually before the age of five, amblyopia can often be reversed.
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PMID:Amblyopia. 327 68

Hydranencephaly is a rare developmental disorder in which the cerebral hemispheres are replaced by a cystic space filled with cerebrospinal fluid and covered by intact meninges. Ophthalmic findings include pupillary abnormalities, strabismus, nystagmus, ptosis, optic nerve hypoplasia, chorioretinitis, retinal vessel attenuation, and incomplete anterior chamber cleavage.
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PMID:Ophthalmic findings of hydranencephaly. 329 72

The prevalence and mode of inheritance of major genetic eye diseases have been investigated in China since the establishment of the Section of Ophthalmic Genetics of the Chinese Society of Genetics. Mass screening of genetic eye diseases has been undertaken in many districts in China, covering more than 700,000 people, and more than 5000 pedigrees of genetic eye diseases have been collected and analysed all over China. Based on these data, the prevalence and mode of inheritance of dyschromatopsia, degenerative myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital ptosis, congenital microphthalmos, congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma, Leber's optic atrophy, corneal dystrophy, congenital nystagmus, coloboma of the eye, congenital aniridia, retinoblastoma, macular dystrophy, simple myopia, primary glaucoma, and strabismus have been investigated, and the results are presented.
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PMID:Prevalence and mode of inheritance of major genetic eye diseases in China. 350 Mar 13

Atracurium is a relatively new neuromuscular blocking anesthetic with known histamine release effects which has become popular in ophthalmic anesthesia. This report describes the IV use of Atracurium causing an anaphylactic reaction manifested by localized edema of all four eyelids, conjunctival chemosis and mild laryngeal edema requiring scheduled ptosis and strabismus surgery to be cancelled.
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PMID:Eyelid anaphylactic reaction to atracurium with general anesthesia. 350 22

A safe effective method of global control during anterior segment surgery is presented. The method used in 1184 consecutive cases was the scleral yoke traction suture adapted from a method often used in strabismus surgery. The incidence of postoperative ptosis severe enough to require surgical correction is presented in that group as well as in a group of 591 consecutive cataract extractions utilizing the classic superior rectus traction surgery. The principle advantages of this method as compared to the classic superior rectus traction suture are pointed out, with emphasis on the reduction of postoperative ptosis.
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PMID:The scleral yoke suture for anterior segment surgery. 354 Jul 69

Eighty-two children aged 13 years or younger were given injections of botulinum toxin for horizontal strabismus. Improvement was achieved in all but one patient. Children younger than 1 year or older than 6 years of age received only topical drop anesthesia and no sedation. Young children generally required low-dose ketamine sedation. The technique typically undercorrects, so reinjection was necessary in 85% of the patients. There were no systemic complications. Side effects, lasting up to a few weeks, included transient ptosis and hypertropia caused by involvement of other extraocular muscles.
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PMID:Botulinum toxin chemodenervation in infants and children: an alternative to incisional strabismus surgery. 357 22

The tendinous origins and insertions of the extraocular muscles were studied embryologically by macroscopic and microscopic methods. It is concluded from this investigation that these tendons of origin and insertion arise from mesenchymal tissue similar to that of their respective muscles. These tendon-muscle groups have developed from superior and inferior mesenchymal complexes. The origins of the extraocular muscles are attached to the periorbita by an interlocking of the tendinous and muscular fibers, which allows for mobility of the extraocular muscles in all extreme directions of gaze and also results in a strong mechanical mooring for these muscles. Avulsion at the origins of the extraocular muscles following severe traction or trauma is rare. The additional origin of the superior and medial rectus muscles to the dura of the optic nerve explains the pain that may occur on movement of the eye in optic neuritis. Optic nerve compression and thyroid myopathy is explained by mucopolysaccharide and inflammatory cell infiltration of the muscular interdigitations that extend up to the site of origin of the rectus muscles. Findings of this investigation suggest that the association of ptosis and superior rectus muscle underaction may be due to a persistence of fibrous tissue that has endured from embryologic development between the superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles. Superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome is explained by embryologic strands remaining between the tendon of the superior oblique muscle and the trochlea. The insertions of the rectus muscles extend from the equator of the eye to the limbus early on in development. By processes of differential degeneration between the sclera and the rectus tendon, posterior recession of the tendon from the limbus, and contemporaneous growth of the anterior segment of the eye, these tendons reach their adult location only between the ages of 18 months and 2 years. In strabismus surgery, measurements for muscle adjustments should be assessed from the limbus rather than from the sites of insertion of these tendons. In the series of patients with esotropia, no mechanical abnormalities were noted in relationship to the insertions of the medial or lateral recti muscles. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the site of insertion of the medial rectus muscle and the degree of esotropia.
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PMID:The origins and insertions of the extraocular muscles: development, histologic features, and clinical significance. 359 Apr 78

Between July 1984 and March 1985, 51 injections of type A botulinum toxin were given to 39 patients aged 11 to 81 years with various types of strabismus, including paralytic strabismus, sensory exotropia, consecutive and residual postsurgical deviations and partially accommodative esotropia. All deviations were documented by orthoptic assessment and photography. After treatment the patients were followed for up to 3 years. The beneficial effects of a single injection were modest, and a second injection was often necessary to achieve satisfactory ocular alignment. Thirteen of the 26 patients (50%) with nonparalytic strabismus and 10 of the 13 patients (77%) with paralytic strabismus had a good outcome (final deviation 12 prism dioptres or less). Adverse side effects included transient ptosis and diplopia and inadvertent vertical deviation. Twenty-one consecutive cases of nonparalytic horizontal strabismus treated with adjustable sutures were also reviewed. The results in these patients were more predictable and longer lasting than those in the patients who received botulinum toxin.
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PMID:Injection of type A botulinum toxin into extraocular muscles for correction of strabismus. 360 94

The acuity card procedure has been shown to be a rapid method for the assessment of monocular and binocular grating acuity in normal infants from birth through 36 months of age. The current study seeks to validate the procedure further by using the acuity cards to assess 20 2- to 8-month-old infant patients with ocular disorders, including aphakia, strabismus, ptosis, and orbital hemangioma. Assessments were made with the acuity cards by two different observers, both blind to the infant's diagnosis, and by a third observer using a traditional forced-choice preferential looking (FPL) procedure. One hundred percent of the infant patients completed both binocular and monocular acuity card testing in an average time of 8 minutes per test. Interobserver agreement between acuity card observers and inter-technique agreement were high, and were sustained in individual cases in which the infant's acuity was not predictable from its visible signs. These results help to establish the potential clinical utility of the acuity card procedure for the assessment of infant patients.
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PMID:Validation of the acuity card procedure for assessment of infants with ocular disorders. 362 13


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