Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anticonvulsants remain necessary during pregnancy and the removal of such drugs is not recommended. However, on the available evidence, the physician may expect an increased risk of malformation including eye abnormalities as has been outlined. The abnormalities include growth deficiencies and delayed motor/mental development together with dysmorphic features, the most common of which seems to be cleft lip/cleft palate. Additionally, many of these children suffer from eye abnormalities including hypertelorism, ptosis, strabismus, epicanthal folds, and in this case abnormalities of the lacrimal apparatus.
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PMID:Multiple systemic and periocular malformations associated with the fetal hydantoin syndrome. 10 74

The two children of an epileptic woman who underwent therapy with hydantoin during both pregnancies showed the characteristic findings of the fetal hydantoin syndrome: growth retardation, microcephaly, mental retardation, and a distinct hysmorphic pattern. Both exhibited a ridged metopic suture, hypertelorism, a short nose with a broad base, hypoplasia of the distal phalanges and nails of the toes, and inguinal hernias. In addition the 18-month-old girl exhibited epicanthal folds, strabismus, ptosis, and a small ventricular septal defect; she had been exposed in utero to 300 mg mesantoin daily. Her 6 1/2-year-old brother was more severely retarded, lacking speech and presenting with infantile autism. During pregnancy the mother had taken 400 mg mesantoin daily. About half of the offspring of epileptic women treated with hydantoin during pregnancy are mentally retarded, and 11% exhibit in addition the pattern of dysmorphic findings known as the fetal hydantoin syndrome. Hydantoin should therefore be strictly avoided in epileptic women of child-bearing age unless safe contraceptive measures are taken. In the event of pregnancy, therapeutic abortion should be considered if hydantoin therapy must be maintained.
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PMID:[Fetal hydantoin syndrome in siblings]. 10 83

A review of 473 patients operated upon as day cases indicates that such surgery is safe, effective, and practicable. The surgical procedures included strabismus and ptosis correction in 265 children; major oculoplastic surgery for subtotal full-thickness eyelid reconstruction; and intraocular surgery in adults for trabeculectomy, cataract extractions with or without simultaneous intraocular implant introduction, and cataract extractions combined with trabeculectomy. No modification in surgical technique was required for strabismus and ptosis surgery. Slight modification was necessary for cataract surgery, and certain innovations were made in oculoplastic surgery.
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PMID:Assessment of major intraocular and extraocular surgery performed as day cases. 27 75

The principal occular complications of chromosomal aberrations are : strabismus, cataract, ptosis, nystagmus. Each of these can benefit from surgical treatment but one has to take into account the unfavorable prognosis due to mental deficiency.
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PMID:[Therapeutic possibilities in occular complications of chromosomal aberrations (author's tansl)]. 31 3

The position of eyes under general anesthesia was measured in different groups of nonparalytic strabismus. Almost all patients with esotropia or hyperactive inferior oblique muscle showed divergent eye positions while patients with exotropia showed no consistent trend. The eye position of patients with lid ptosis without squint, which served as a control group, were divergent in all cases. Electromyographic observation of the medial rectus muscle under the same condition of anesthesia revealed that muscle discharge disappeared almost completely at the stage at which the eyes were in a well-stabilized position.
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PMID:Eye position and electromyographic observation of squint eyes under general anesthesia. 47 34

Reoperations in strabismus are done for overcorrection, undercorrections, and new strabismus problems such as dissociated vertical deviation and ptosis. Each patient requiring reoperation should be thoroughly evaluated on the basis of current findings with the understanding that some alteration in anatomy will be found. Restrictions must be freed and muscle force balanced to first provide straight eyes in the primary position and secondly the best vision possible. With persistence, 80% to 90% of patients requiring reoperation can expect a satisfactory end result.
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PMID:Reoperations in strabismus. 54 41

Two cases, a boy and a girl, with the 11q-(Jacobsen) syndrome are reported. Findings common to both and typical for this chromosome aberration include a narrow protruding forehead, hypertelorism, non-horizontal position of the eyes, ptosis, strabismus, broad root, and short upturned tip of thenose, carp mouth, receding chin, misshapen ears, simian creases, and severe mental retardation. In addition, one patient had pyloric stenosis and an inguinal hernia. Growth retardation and microcephaly were not found in either of them. The karyotypes revealed de novo-deletions of the long arm of one chromosome 11,del(11)(q23).
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PMID:Partial deletion of long arm of chromosome 11[del(11)(q23)]: Jacobsen syndrome. Two new cases and review of the clinical findings. 60 95

A four-year-old female child with Kugelberg-Welander syndrome has been presented. She demonstrated ptosis, exotropia, and decreased vision with unilateral high myopia. Unlike the Werdnig-Hoffman type of spinal muscular dystrophy Kugelberg-Welander disease has a protracted, somewhat benign course, necessitating proper evaluation and care of the ocular problems of these patients. The most common among these problems are the presence of severe to moderate ptosis and strabismus which appears usually to be an exotropia.
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PMID:Ocular findings in a patient with Kugelberg-Welander syndrome: a case report. 73 21

A review of the biofeedback literature was made and proposals for use in optometry advanced. To this end electromyograph units can be connected to an apparatus which gives a reward when a patient performs proper eye movements. By this means, patients who undergo visual training become conscious of their eye movements. As a reinforcement, they are rewarded by music or the motion of toys when they give the right answer. Application of the system in cases of strabismus, limitation of gaze, convergence insufficiency or excess, ptosis, and other cases are discussed. Methodological and financial advantages of incorporation of biofeedback reinforcement into visual training are enumerated.
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PMID:Application of biofeedback and behavior modification techniques in visual training. 93 94

A 46,XX,del(10)p13 karyotype (Paris Conference, 1971) was identified in a 5-year-old Negro girl with mental and growth retardation, brachy- and trigonocephaly, downward slanting palpebral fissures, hypotelorism, epicanthal folds, ptosis, strabismus, dysplastic nose, high-arched palate, microdontia, small low-set posteriorly rotated ears, asymmetrical thorax, wide-spaced nipples, and minor abnormalities of hands and feet. Both parents and a brother had normal karyotypes. Expression of more than 50 polymorphic gene loci determining blood groups, serum proteins and red cell enzymes was studied. The results did not permit localization of a gene locus on the deleted segment of chromosome 10. The proposita was heterozygous for the Rh and MN blood groups and for the red cell enzymes adenosine deaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and esterase D. These gene loci are thereby excluded from region 10p13 yields 10pter.
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PMID:Del (10)p autosomal deletion syndrome: clinical, cytogenetic and gene marker studies. 115 Feb 32


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