Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033036 (APC)
 10,214 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In contrast to conventional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography separately measures trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). Little is known about the genetic variants associated with trabecular and cortical vBMD in humans, although both may be important for determining bone strength and osteoporotic risk. In the current analysis, we tested the hypothesis that there are genetic variants associated with trabecular and cortical vBMD at the femoral neck by genotyping 4608 tagging and potentially functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 383 bone metabolism candidate genes in 822 Caucasian men aged 65 years or older from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). Promising SNP associations then were tested for replication in an additional 1155 men from the same study. We identified SNPs in five genes (IFNAR2, NFATC1, SMAD1, HOXA, and KLF10) that were robustly associated with cortical vBMD and SNPs in nine genes (APC, ATF2, BMP3, BMP7, FGF18, FLT1, TGFB3, THRB, and RUNX1) that were robustly associated with trabecular vBMD. There was no overlap between genes associated with cortical vBMD and trabecular vBMD. These findings identify novel genetic variants for cortical and trabecular vBMD and raise the possibility that some genetic loci may be unique for each bone compartment.
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PMID:Candidate gene analysis of femoral neck trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density in older men. 1961 5

The fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is widely used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening to reduce the mortality rate associated with this cancer. However, several problems exist, as FOBT results can contain some false-negative CRC patients and some-false positive healthy subjects. Thus, to resolve these problems, several fecal biomarkers based on fecal protein, fecal DNA, and fecal RNA have been reported. Fecal calprotectin, which indicates intestinal bleeding or inflammation of the colon mucosa, and fecal tumor M2-PK, which is produced by cancer cells, have been extensively investigated as fecal protein biomarkers. To detect small amounts of CRC-specific proteins, the chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA), which is a highly sensitive protein detection method using immunomagnetic beads, will be used. DNA mutation of APC, KRAS, and TP53 genes and DNA methylation of VIM, TFPI2, BMP3, NDRG4, and SFRP2 genes were reported as fecal DNA biomarkers. Consequently, a fecal DNA test named Cologuard from Exact Sciences was approved by the FDA in August 2014. Fecal COX2, MMP7, miR-106a, miR-92a, and miR-223 were also reported as fecal RNA biomarkers. This review article summarizes fecal biomarkers using fecal samples for CRC diagnosis.
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PMID:[Fecal Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis]. 2652 59