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Query: UMLS:C0033036 (APC)
 10,214 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a well-known carcinogen, is frequently measured as an "indicator" of the potential dermal tumorigenicity of a sample. The present sequential high-performance liquid chromatography--high-performance liquid chromatography method overcomes problems in trace-level sample enrichment and recovery corrections encountered earlier. An amount of 5 g of naphtha or fuel oil is diluted to 10 ml with dichloromethane and spiked with a small quantity (ca. 0.25 micrograms) of 14C-labeled BaP tracer. A BaP-enriched fraction is obtained from a 1-ml aliquot of this sample by semipreparative chromatography on a Partisil PAC 10 column with dichloromethane-hexane (10:90) as the eluent, and concentrated to exactly 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0 ml in acetonitrile. Quantitation is performed using a reversed-phase Vydac 201 TP 5415 column with acetonitrile-water (75:25) as eluent and a Waters Model 420 E/420 AC fluorescence detector, employing an excitation/emission filter pair of 360/425 nm. The recovery of the radiolabeled tracer is evaluated by combustion of 50 microliter of the final isolate in pure oxygen, collection of the liberated 14CO2 in an alkaline desorber, and liquid scintillation counting. The recovery of BaP normally exceeded 90%, but values as low as ca. 50% were occasionally observed. Potential matrix interferences in the recovery determination were eliminated by sample combustion. The nominal precision of the overall method is approximately +/- 30% relative standard deviation at a BaP concentration of 30 ppb. The nominal analysis time for a single sample is approximately 4 h.
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PMID:Liquid chromatographic determination of benzo[a]pyrene at part-per-billion concentrations in highly refined coal- and petroleum-derived fuels. 355 98

A simple and rapid quantitative method for the determination of vitamin E in animal feeds is described. The method involves direct extraction with a mixture of isooctane--1,4-dioxane (80 + 20) followed by saponification. Additional purification was achieved by using a silica gel Sep-Pak. Elution time for vitamin E alcohol was 7.98 min (standard deviation (SD) 0.06) using a Partisil-10 PAC column and an isocratic mobile phase of hexane--dichloromethane--isopropanol (70 + 30 + 0.2) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and detection at 292 nm and 0.01 AUFS by a variable UV monitor. The average recovery of vitamin E was 96.64% (SD 5.19) in 4 different animal feeds. The method compared favorably with the official AOAC method. The minimum detectable amount of vitamin E in an animal feed is 10 IU/kg.
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PMID:Determination of vitamin E in animal feeds by normal phase high pressure liquid chromatography. 745 86

A soil-column gas chromatography approach was developed to simulate the mass transfer process of hydrocarbons between gas and soil during thermally enhanced soil vapor extraction (T-SVE). Four kinds of hydrocarbons-methylbenzene, n-hexane, n-decane, and n-tetradecane-were flowed by nitrogen gas. The retention factor k' and the tailing factor T f were calculated to reflect the desorption velocities of fast and slow desorption fractions, respectively. The results clearly indicated two different mechanisms on the thermal desorption behaviors of fast and slow desorption fractions. The desorption velocity of fast desorption fraction was an exponential function of the reciprocal of soil absolute temperature and inversely correlated with hydrocarbon's boiling point, whereas the desorption velocity of slow desorption fraction was an inverse proportional function of soil absolute temperature, and inversely proportional to the log K OW value of the hydrocarbons. The higher activation energy of adsorption was found on loamy soil with higher organic content. The increase of carrier gas flow rate led to a reduction in the apparent activation energy of adsorption of slow desorption fraction, and thus desorption efficiency was significantly enhanced. The obtained results are of practical interest for the design of high-efficiency T-SVE system and may be used to predict the remediation time.
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PMID:A soil-column gas chromatography (SCGC) approach to explore the thermal desorption behavior of hydrocarbons from soils. 2633 23

In this study, an easy, rapid and eco-friendly method was used successfully to synthesize the magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). In order to fine-tune the synthesized MNPs for the collection of heavy crude oil spills, the particles' surface was modified with green hydrophobic biocomponents that were extracted from Anthemis pseudocotula (AP). The surface modified reaction carried with that of the MNPs in the presence of n-hexane extract (APH) resulted in the formation of APH-MNPs, while in the presence of chloroform extract (APC), resulted in APC-MNPs formation. The as-formed MNPs were thoroughly characterized using transmittance electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermogravimetric analysis. The efficiency of the surface-modified MNPs for the collection of oil spills in the presence of an external magnetic field was evaluated by taking different ratios of MNPs:crude oil. From the analysis of the results, we found that the APH-MNPs particles have higher efficiency in the collection of heavy crude oil than the corresponding APC-MNPs.
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PMID:Green Synthesis of Hydrophobic Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated with Plant Extract and Their Application as Petroleum Oil Spill Collectors. 3034 24