Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033036 (APC)
 10,214 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

[3H]p-aminoclonidine [3H]PAC, a specific alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, was used to characterize alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding in rat renal membranes. Rosenthal plots demonstrated two binding sites with Kds of approximately 1.7 and 14.2 nM and Bmaxs (maximum binding) of 47.3 and 218.8 fmol/mg protein for the high- and low-affinity sites, respectively. These characteristics were confirmed by estimate of Kd parameters based on association and dissociation experiments. Pseudo-Hill coefficients generated from drug inhibition experiments were all less than unity, suggesting differential binding at two alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites. Specific alpha 2-adrenergic agonists exhibited greater binding affinity to both sites than did nonspecific drugs, and all drugs displayed greater affinity for the high- than the low-affinity binding site. Both guanyl nucleotides and sodium chloride inhibited [3H]PAC binding more at the high-affinity than at the low-affinity site. Renal denervation resulted in significant upregulation of receptor density only at the high-affinity sites with no change in receptor affinity at either site, suggesting that a majority of the alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the kidney are postsynaptic. Thus all lines of evidence in this study indicate that two alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites exist in the rat kidney.
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PMID:Two renal alpha 2-adrenergic receptor sites revealed by p-aminoclonidine binding. 302 71

The validity of the captopril test for primary aldosteronism (PA) was tested in patients with surgically verified PA (n = 12) or essential hypertension (EHT, n = 20) with different levels of sodium intakes. The patients were scheduled on 7 days each of three regimes of the prepared diet containing 34, 120 and 340 mEq of sodium chloride per day, and the captopril test was repeated in each period. For the test, captopril (50 mg) was administered orally at 9:00 A.M. after 1 hour of rest in a supine position, and venous blood samples were obtained before and 90 min after drug administration. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC; ng/dl) and plasma renin activity (PRA; ng/ml/h) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Under the three different sodium intakes, a PAC/PRA ratio greater than 20 at 90 min after captopril administration was sufficiently sensitive (0.95, 19/20) and specific (0.92, 55/60) to identify PA. Similarly, PA was associated with a PAC above 15 ng/dl 90 min after captopril. There were no complaints associated with the antihypertensive effects of the drug even when patients were sodium-restricted. These results confirmed that the captopril test is safe and useful for screening out-patients for PA, independent of individual differences in sodium intake.
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PMID:Effects of sodium intake on the captopril test for primary aldosteronism. 330 11

Effects of trisodium phosphate (TSP) and/or sodium chloride (NaCl) dipping on microbial quality and shelf life of chicken breasts were investigated during refrigeration. Chicken breasts were dipped in aqueous solution (w/v) of 10% TSP, 10% NaCl, combination of TSP and NaCl (7.5% + 7.5%) or distilled water (control) for 10 min, followed by tray-packaging storage at 2 degrees C. During storage, chicken breasts dipped in TSP maintained almost constant pH, while pH of control or NaCl-treated samples significantly increased (P<0.05). TSP dipping resulted in initial reduction of 0.48 and 0.91 log(10) CFU/g in aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae count, respectively, when compared with control. By storage day 6, APC of control chicken breasts reached 6.91 log(10) CFU/g, while TSP-treatment either alone or in combination with NaCl significantly delayed microbial growth (P<0.05) and extended shelf life of refrigerated chicken breasts up to 12 days, at which APC were 6.87 and 6.39, respectively, versus 9.58 log(10) CFU/g for control. Significant reductions in psychrotrophic and Enterobacteriaceae count were detected at the end of storage period in chicken breasts treated with TSP alone or in combination with NaCl, whereas such treatments had no significant effects on lactobacilli or mold and yeast populations.
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PMID:Effects of Trisodium Phosphate and Sodium Chloride Dipping on the Microbial Quality and Shelf Life of Refrigerated Tray-packaged Chicken Breasts. 1733 Jan 56

The present study was attempted to assess the prophylactic and the therapeutic effect of human recombinant activated protein C (APC; drotrecogin-alpha, activated) in experimental heat stroke. Anesthetized rats were divided into two groups and given vehicle solution 1 h before the start or immediately after the termination of heat stress (isotonic sodium chloride solution, 2 mL kg(-1) of body weight, i.v.) or APC (1-10 mg in 2 mL of isotonic sodium chloride solution per kilogram of body weight, i.v.). They were exposed to ambient temperature of 40 degrees C for 100 min to induce heat stroke. When the vehicle-pretreated rats underwent heat stress, their survival time values were found to be 57 to 71 min. Pretreatment or treatment with APC significantly increased survival time (122-221 min). All vehicle-pretreated heat stroke animals displayed systemic inflammation (evidenced by increased TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IL-6) and activated coagulation (evidenced by increased levels of activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and D-dimer and decreased levels of both platelet count and protein C). Biochemical assay also revealed that both renal and hepatic dysfunction (e.g., increased plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, adenine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) were noted during heat stroke. A significant decrease in both cerebral blood flow and partial pressure of oxygen in hypothalamus were also observed in vehicle-pretreated heat stroke animals. These heat stroke reactions were all significantly reduced by pretreatment or treatment with human recombinant APC. The results indicate that human recombinant APC can be used as a prophylactic and a therapeutic agent for experimental heat stroke by ameliorating systemic inflammation, hypercoagulable state, and multiple organ dysfunction.
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PMID:Activated protein C can be used as a prophylactic as well as a therapeutic agent for heat stroke in rodents. 1929 93