Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033036 (APC)
 10,214 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of deep-vein thrombosis in a 23-year old woman 1 month after starting oral contraceptives is described, the 1st known incident of defective Protein S activity with normal levels of Protein S but defective APC cofactor. The woman had no known personal risk factors or family history of thromboembolism. She noticed pain and swelling of her right leg, and on admission to the Institute of Internal Medicine of the University of Milan, bilateral leg venography demonstrated occlusion of the right popliteal, femoral and iliac veins. She was treated with intravenous heparin for 10 days, and then warfarin. Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein which binds to platelets and endothelial cells and functions as a cofactor for Protein C in the proteolytic cleavage of the activated forms of coagulation factors V and VIII. Persons with Protein S deficiency are at a high risk for thromboembolism. All coagulation laboratory screens were normal on repeated testing of the proband's plasma before initiating therapy, as well as her family members. In this patient total protein S antigen was low normal by EIA and ELISA. APC-cofactor was the only assay clearly abnormal, in the proband, her mother, siblings and maternal uncle; APC- cofactor activity was restored to normal by adding back pure Protein S.
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PMID:Familial dysfunction of protein S. 253 Jun 48

alpha-Adrenoceptors in spinal cord appear to play a role in a number of physiologic processes including the control of blood pressure, pain and motor function. In order to evaluate more clearly these potential roles, the characteristics of binding of [3H]prazosin ([3H]PRZ) to spinal alpha 1 adrenoceptors and [3H]p-aminoclonidine ([3H]PAC) to spinal alpha 2 adrenoceptors were determined. Binding of each ligand to their respective adrenoceptors was saturable and Scatchard analysis revealed binding of each to a single class of adrenoceptors with characteristics of [3H]PRZ binding of Bmax = 78 fmol/mg protein and Kd = 0.75 nM and [3H]PAC binding Bmax = 70 fmol/mg protein and Kd = 1.39 nM. Whereas [3H]PRZ specific binding (Bmax) was unaltered by guanine nucleotides. [3H]PAC binding was increased with addition of 10 microM guanosine triphosphate (GTP) (P less than 0.05) and decreased with either 50 microM GTP or guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] (P less than 0.01). Competition for specific [3H]PRZ and [3H]PAC binding by various alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists of known pharmacologic activity revealed that [3H]PRZ defines alpha 1 adrenoceptors (Ki = 2.1 nM for prazosin vs 4300 nM for yohimbine) and [3H]PAC defines alpha 2 adrenoceptors (Ki = 1.06 nM for yohimbine vs 15480 nM for prazosin). Regional spinal cord studies demonstrated that dorsal spinal cord in the lumbar region contains the highest density of both [3H]PRZ (Bmax = 93 +/- 14 fmol/mg protein) and [3H]PAC (Bmax = 101 +/- 6 fmol/mg protein) binding. In contrast, lowest binding was evident in thoracic cord with equal levels in both dorsal and ventral regions (Bmax = 44-48 fmol/mg protein). The regional distribution of both alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenoceptors in spinal cord compares to the localization previously classified functionally utilizing various pharmacological agonists and antagonists at norepinephrine receptors.
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PMID:Binding of [3H]prazosin and [3H]p-aminoclonidine to alpha-adrenoceptors in rat spinal cord. 283 25

Newborn rats received intraspinal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine to enduringly deplete spinal norepinephrine (NE). When tested in adulthood for pain sensitivity with a hot water-tail immersion procedure, this neonatal spinal NE lesion lowered tail flick latencies of females but not males. It was postulated that this sexually dimorphic sparing or recovery of function reflected the development of denervation supersensitivity for males but not females. Contrary to expectation from such an hypothesis, females, not males, showed exaggerated sensitivity to the analgesic effects of a test dose of clonidine. Furthermore, neither males nor females showed an increased number of spinal cord binding sites for (3H)para-amino-clonidine [(3H)PAC]. These receptor binding data failed to indicate proliferation of the spinal alpha two adrenoceptor in either sex. That the lesioning of spinal NE terminals did not reduce (3H)PAC binding sites suggests that the spinal alpha two adrenoceptor does not reside exclusively on NE terminals. This is consistent with current conclusions concerning the alpha two adrenoceptor in the cerebral cortex.
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PMID:Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of spinal noradrenergic terminals: nociception, clonidine analgesia and spinal alpha two adrenoceptors. 303 74

The records of 23 patients with confirmed carcinoma of the fallopian tube, treated between 1966 and 1983, were reviewed. Patients ranged in age from 41 to 88 years. A pelvic mass was the most common preoperative finding (61%), followed by abnormal bleeding (43%), and pain (39%). Fifteen patients had stage I or II disease, 8 had Stage III or IV disease. In patients with metastatic disease, involvement of the peritoneal surfaces, bowel, and omentum were noted most often. Lymph nodes were the most common site(s) of recurrent disease. Twelve evaluable patients with measurable disease were treated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide (PC) +/- doxorubicin (PAC). There were 9 complete and 2 partial responses, a 92% response rate. Incorporation of cisplatin therapy appears to have resulted in improved short-term survival.
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PMID:Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: evidence for activity of cisplatin combination therapy. 355 96

Thirty patients with adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube, treated between 1950 and 1981, were studied. Median age was 55 years, and mean parity was 1.3. Bleeding or discharge occurred as a presenting complaint in 47% of patients, abdominal distention or mass in 50%, and pain in 30%. Lesions were staged using a system analogous to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification for ovarian carcinoma. Nine patients had Stage I disease; 11, Stage II; 7, Stage III; and 3, Stage IV. Histologic differentiation was Grade 1 in 39% of the patients, Grade 2 in 18%, and Grade 3 in 43%. Primary surgical treatment consisted of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy in 70% of the patients; 23% had more extensive surgery, whereas 13% had less extensive surgery. Three patients with Stage I tumors were treated with surgery alone, and the remainder received postoperative radiation, chemotherapy, or both. Survival was unrelated to grade, but highly dependent upon stage. Survival at 5 years was 56% for Stage I, 27% for Stage II, 14% for Stage III, and 0% for Stage IV. Four of five patients treated after surgery with a combination of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (PAC) survived at least 3 years. Patterns of initial treatment failure showed 56% with a component of pelvic failure, 50% with a component of upper abdominal failure, and 44% with extraperitoneal metastases as a component of failure. These results suggest the need for aggressive postoperative adjuvant therapy targeted at upper abdominal and distant sites for metastasis in all lesions beyond Stage I.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the fallopian tube. Management and sites of failure. 375 22

The value of adding a sedative to commonly used analgesic agents to promote further the relief of pain was studied by a double-blind procedure in 90 post-surgical patients during 188 pain episodes. In moderate pain episodes, no statistically significant difference between the analgesic-sedative combination (Fiorinal-C(1/4)) and the analgesic (APC-C) was observed, although both compounds were superior to placebo (p <0.001). In severe pain episodes, the analgesic-sedative combination was superior to the analgesic alone; the analgesic, in turn, was superior to placebo (p <0.001).It is concluded that analgesia is more effective if associated apprehension is relieved by sedation.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of two analgesics with placebo control. 533 51

In this multicenter study a nonnarcotic analgesic available for moderate pain, naproxen sodium, 550 mg, was compared to a combination that is used extensively for moderate to severe pain, aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine and codeine phosphate (APC/C) (60 mg of codeine phosphate). Women with pain after major gynecologic surgery reported a similar pattern in pain reduction with the two medications except for a relatively sharper increase in pain intensity between four and six hours after administration of APC/C. A smaller number of patient complaints suggested that naproxen sodium was better tolerated than APC/C.
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PMID:Naproxen sodium vs. a combination of aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine and codeine phosphate for pain after major gynecologic surgery. A multicenter comparison. 637 36

The analgesic efficacy of a hydrocodone-acetaminophen combination, a codeine-acetaminophen combination, a codeine-APC (aspirin, phenacetin, and caffeine) combination, and a placebo was evaluated in outpatients who had moderate or severe pain after the surgical removal of impacted third molars. Each of the active medications had a significant effect on essentially all measures of total and peak analgesia; they did not differ significantly on any measure of analgesia. Adverse effects were transitory and, in general, appear to have been related to the centrally acting component of each combination analgesic.
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PMID:An evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of three opioid-analgesic combinations in postoperative oral surgery pain. 693 24

In this double-blind, repeat-dose study, 323 outpatients with moderate to severe pain after oral surgery assessed zomepirac sodium, a new oral, single-entity, nonnarcotic analgesic, and APC with codeine, 30 mg, a reference standard. Pain relief obtained with 100 mg of zomepirac sodium was significantly superior to that of APC with codeine, 30 mg; 50 mg of zomepirac sodium was as effective as the reference drug. The analgesic acceptability was highest for 100 mg of zomepirac sodium. Both doses of this new drug produced significantly fewer adverse reactions than APC with codeine, 30 mg.
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PMID:Zomepirac sodium vs APC with codeine for oral surgery pain. 701 4

In a single-dose, a double-blind crossover study in 40 patients with chronic pain due to advanced cancer, zomepirac sodium (Zomax), a new, single-entity, non-narcotic analgesic, was compared to oxycodone with APC (Percodan) and placebo. Both a verbal and a curvilinear visual analog scale were used in the study, and the results obtained were comparable. Zomepirac sodium, 100 mg, provided analgesia equal to oxycodone with APC in all assessments of pain intensity and pain relief. The analgesic activity of zomepirac sodium was apparent by 1 hour, reached a peak between 3 and 4 hours after administration, and lasted at least 6 hours. Zomepirac sodium, 100 mg, appears to be an acceptable alternative to narcotic combinations such as oxycodone with APC in the management of moderate to severe cancer pain. The visual analog scale presented appears to be useful in the evaluation of analgesic efficacy and appears to be acceptable as an alternative to the more conventional verbal scale.
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PMID:Analgesic efficacy of zomepirac sodium in patients with pain due to cancer. 703 68


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