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Query: UMLS:C0033036 (APC)
 10,214 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atopic ocular diseases involve a spectrum of immuno-inflammatory responses. There are minimal pathologic changes with SAC. With PAC, there is increased mast cell activation and late-phase inflammatory cell infiltrate as a consequence of continued allergic stimulation. Associated with the more chronic and severe forms of atopic ocular disorders, GPC, VKC and AKC, there is persistent mast cell, eosinophil, and lymphocyte activation resulting in pathologic changes. Therapeutic intervention for atopic ocular diseases has focused on symptomatic improvement. However, with an increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the allergic inflammatory response, experimental studies may facilitate the development of preventative strategies.
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PMID:Atopic ocular disease. 1206 72

Ocular allergic disorders can be a component of systemic or local allergies. The importance of ocular allergy results from its incidence rather than from its severity, however, some of them are vision-threatening. The majority of ocular allergies affect the conjunctiva, eyelids and sometimes cornea that is exposed to the environment and is the place of interaction between allergens and immunocompetent cells. Different types of allergic disorders in the eye may have similar signs and symptoms, but each has its own pathognomonic characteristics, which help to diagnose, differentiate and choose the most suitable therapy. Ocular allergic diseases are classified into six categories: SAC, PAC, VKC, AKC, GPC and ConBC. In 2001 EAACI suggested new classification, also of allergic conjunctivitis, into IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated conjunctivitis. IgE-mediated conjunctivitis may be divided into intermittent and persistent conjunctivitis. Persistent allergic conjunctivitis is classified into vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis contact allergy is a non-IgE form of allergic conjunctivitis. Currently available medications provide safe and effective management of most cases of ocular allergy. Drugs used in the treatment of ocular allergic disorders include mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, steroids, NSAID's, artificial tears and others.
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PMID:[Clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy of allergic eye diseases]. 1452 17

Reticuloendotheliosis (RE) in captive greater prairie chickens (GPC, Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) and Attwater's prairie chickens (APC, Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) was first reported in 1998. RE is caused by avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), an oncogenic and immunosuppressive retrovirus infecting multiple species of wild and domestic birds. During August 2004 through May 2006 a captive population of prairie chickens was affected simultaneously with a neoplastic condition and also avian pox, the latter being detected in 7.4% (2 of 27) of all birds submitted for histopathology. A survey for REV was conducted in order to examine its possible role in mortality observed primarily in juvenile and adult specimens of prairie chickens. The investigative procedures included postmortem examinations, histopathology, molecular detection, and virus isolation. In total, 57 Attwater's prairie chickens and two greater prairie chickens were included in the study. REV infection was diagnosed using virus isolation or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or both in 59.5% (28 of 47) of blood samples and/or tumors from suspect birds. Lymphosarcomas were detected in the tissues of 37% (10 of 27) of the birds submitted for histopathology. Such lymphosarcomas suggestive of RE represented the most frequent morphologic diagnosis on histopathology among 27 separate submissions of naturally dead prairie chickens. Overall, REV was detected or RE diagnosed in 34 of 59 prairie chickens (57.62%). The average death age of all birds diagnosed with lymphosarcomas on histopathology was 2.2 yr, ranging from <1 to 4 yr. Although deaths associated with neoplasia occurred in males and females in equal proportions based on submissions, overall more males were diagnosed as REV infected or RE affected (16 males vs. 7 females, and 11 birds of undetermined gender). Reticuloendotheliosis virus was confirmed as a significant cause of mortality in captive prairie chickens.
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PMID:Enzootic reticuloendotheliosis in the endangered Attwater's and greater prairie chickens. 1727 88

The construction of a graft copolymer is an effective method to modify the properties of CO2-based aliphatic polycarbonate (CO2-APC) for meeting specific needs. Herein, we describe a facile route for the synthesis of CO2-based APC-graft-polystyrene copolymers using a "grafting from" strategy. Firstly, the copolymerization of CO2 and epichlorohydrin (ECH) was performed for the synthesis of the APC of poly(CO2/ECH). Then, a functionalized-APC can be prepared by the substitution reaction of poly(CO2/ECH) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) that can serve as a precursor for the graft compolymer of P(CO2/ECH)-g-polystyrene via nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP). The intermediates at each step and final graft copolymers were characterized using 1H NMR, GPC, DSC and TG analyses.
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PMID:Synthesis of CO2-based polycarbonate-g-polystyrene copolymers via NMRP. 3267 89