Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033036 (APC)
 10,214 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this paper, the results of some recent studies on idiotype-specific T cells in human multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) are discussed. By using different in vitro measurements such as 3H-thymidine incorporation and ELI-SPOT assay, idiotype-specific T cells have been demonstrated in most of MM and MGUS patients. Based on the cytokine-secretion profiles, idiotype-specific T cells were found to comprise both Th1 and Th2 cells. A Th1 type immunity was found preferentially in indolent disease and a Th2-like response predominated in advanced MM, suggesting a specific T-cell regulation of the tumor B-cell clone. The mode of T-cell recognition of id determinants on M-components has been studied. We found that idiotype-specific T cells recognized processed id determinants presented by MHC class II (HLA-DR) molecules on APC. B cells were much more efficient APC than monocytes. With the aim to induce or to amplify an idiotype-specific T-cell response, we have immunized MM patients with the autologous M-component precipitated in aluminum. Three out of the five patients showed an induction of specific cellular and humoral immunity. Nevertheless, the role for such immunity in controlling the tumor clone remains to be established.
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PMID:Idiotype-specific T cells in multiple myeloma: targets for an immunotherapeutic intervention? 886 33

Increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been described in multiple myeloma patients, particularly when exposed to immunomodulatory drugs. Epidemiological studies have shown that monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients also have an increased risk of VTE compared with normal individuals. Acquired activated protein C resistance (APC-R) is an independent risk factor for VTE in hematologic malignancies. We reviewed the records of patients with multiple myeloma and MGUS for APC-R by PEFAKIT APC-R test and compared them to normal individuals. We excluded from the analysis patients with a documented factor V Leiden mutation. The PEFAKIT APC-R is a plasma-based functional prothrombin assay based on ratio of patient clotting time with and without APC. Thirty-three MGUS and 93 multiple myeloma patients were compared with 39 normal individuals. Baseline characteristics from the three groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and performance status. The median APC-R for multiple myeloma, MGUS, and controls were 1, 1.06, and 1.1, respectively. Multiple myeloma patients compared to normal individuals had significantly shorter APC-R (P=0.0012). No significant difference was observed between MGUS and normal individuals (P=0.17). After analyzing APC-R values and multiple coagulation parameters, a significant inverse correlation was found between APC-R and fibrinogen (P=0.0000001) and D-dimer (P=0.045) serum levels and a direct correlation with prothrombin time value (P=0.034). The Pefakit APC-R test measured as continuous variable shows a statistically significant decrease in patients with myeloma compared to normal individuals.
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PMID:Activated protein C resistance as measured by residual factor V after Russell's viper venom and activated protein C treatment analyzed as a continuous variable in multiple myeloma and normal controls. 2153 62