Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033036 (APC)
 10,214 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of heat and cold on the microorganisms existing in prawn. Roasting for 5 min, boiling for 10 min and storage at -18 degrees C for 10, 20 and 30 days were applied on raw prawn to study the effect of each treatment on the bacterial load. The average counts of APC (aerobic plate count) at 25 degrees C and 0 degree C, Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms and Staphylococci were 1.3 x 10(7), 6 x 10(4), 2 x 10(2) and 3 x 10(3) organisms per gram raw prawn sample, respectively, then reduced to 10(4), 8 x 10(2), 3 x 10(3), less than 3 and 3 x 10(2) organisms per gram roasted prawn in shell, respectively. Such counts were more reduced in roasted peeled samples. Boiling reduced the average counts of APC at 25 degrees C and 0 degrees C, Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms and Staphylococci from 8 x 10(8), 2 x 10(5) 2 x 10(7), 3 x 10 and 3 x 10(4) organisms per gram raw prawn sample to 2 x 10(5), 3 x 10(3), 2 x 10(2), less than 3 and 4 x 10(2) organisms, respectively. Concerning freezing storage, it could be observed that the average counts of APC at 25 degrees C and 0 degree C, Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms and Staphylococci were reduced from 4 x 10(7), 5 x 10(5), 3 x 10(5), 10(3) and 3 x 10(2) organisms per gram raw sample to 5 x 10(4), 10(3), 3 x 10(2), 10 and less than 2 x 10(2) organisms per gram after freezing storage for 30 days.
 ...
PMID:Effect of temperature on initial bacteria of prawn. 186 89

Ag-specific as well as Ia-restricted killing of certain APC by CD4+ T cells was investigated. The CD4-mediated killing is not only a characteristic of in vitro long term cultured T cell lines or clones, but is also manifest after in vivo priming. Thus, CD4+ killer T cells are generated in vivo as well. CD4+ killer T cells are detected in the Th1, but not in the Th2 subset, and they do not appear to lyse Ia+ APC or bystander cells by a pathway mediated by secreted T cell factors. The latter observation is demonstrated by cold target inhibition experiments as well as by the failure of puromycin to inhibit killing, if applied in doses which completely block lymphokine secretion. Ia+ APC differ in their susceptibility to lysis. Transformed APC are usually better lysed than nontransformed APC. Unstimulated B cells are not killed, while LPS-stimulated B cell blasts are killed. The results of cold target inhibition and bystander killing experiments suggest that CD4+ killer T cells are activated by the common pathway, i.e., by Ag presented in the context of Ia, but killing requires the recognition of additional determinant(s) on APC. It is proposed that these killing-inducing determinants are continuously expressed on most transformed Ia+ cells and on nontransformed but stimulated APC.
 ...
PMID:CD4+ T cell-mediated killing of MHC class II-positive antigen-presenting cells. I. Characterization of target cell recognition by in vivo or in vitro activated CD4+ killer T cells. 196 73

Survival of V-79 Chinese hamster cells was assessed by colony growth assay after hypothermic exposure in the presence of iron chelators. At 5 degrees C, maximum protection from hypothermic damage was achieved with a 50 microM concentration of the intracellular ferric iron chelator Desferal. A 3-hr prehypothermic incubation with 50 microM Desferal followed by replacement with chelator-free medium at 5 degrees C also provided some protection. This was not observed when the extracellular chelator DETA-PAC (50 microM) was used prior to cold storage. Treating 5 degrees C-stored cells with Desferal just prior to rewarming was ineffective, but treating cells with Desferal during hypothermia exposure after a significant period of unprotected cold exposure ultimately increased the surviving fraction. Submaximal protection during hypothermia was achieved to various degrees with extracellular chelators at 5 degrees C, including 50 microM DETAPAC and 110 microM EDTA. EGTA (110 microM) had little effect. The sensitization of cells at 5 degrees C with 200 microM FeCl3 could be reduced or eliminated with Desferal in accordance with a 1:1 binding ratio. At 10 degrees C, 50 microM Desferal, 50 microM DETAPAC, and 110 microM EDTA were as or less effective in protecting cells than at 5 degrees C. An Arrhenius plot of cell inactivation rates shows a break at 7-8 degrees C, corresponding to maximum survival for control cells and cells in 50 microM Desferal; however, the amount of protection offered by the chelator increases with decreasing temperature below about 19 degrees C, and sensitization increases above that point. It has not previously been shown that iron chelators protect against cellular hypothermia damage which is uncomplicated by previous or simultaneous ischemia. This may be relevant to the low-temperature storage of transplant organs, in which iron of intracellular origin and in the perfusate may be active and damaging.
 ...
PMID:Factors influencing survival of mammalian cells exposed to hypothermia. IV. Effects of iron chelation. 239 29

To clarify the role of the sympatho-adrenomedullary and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, and catecholamine receptors, in the pathogenesis of orthostatic hypotension in diabetes mellitus (DM), urinary excretion of catecholamines, and plasma levels of norepinephrine (PNE), epinephrine (PE), renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PAC), cyclic AMP (PcAMP) and cyclic GMP (PcGMP) were measured in 16 normal subjects (N) and 50 diabetic patients with or without orthostatic hypotension (DMOH(+), DMOH(-)). Changes in PNE, PE, PRA, PAC, PcAMP and PcGMP by standing, glucagon (G) administration and cold pressor test were examined. Furthermore, the effect of metoclopramide on catecholamine levels and blood pressure was investigated before and after cold pressor test. The results were following; (1) Urinary free norepinephrine excretion was significantly lower in DMOH(+), while urinary total norepinephrine excretion was normal in the two DM groups. Urinary free and total epinephrine excretions were lower in DMOH(+) than in N and DMOH(-). (2) PNE and PE were elevated after standing in all groups tested, and more pronounced in some cases of DMOH(+). Although PRA and PAC were elevated normally after standing in all groups, a dissociation between the two parameters was seen in some cases of DM. PcAMP after standing was correlated with PE(r = 0.829). Basal PcGMP was high in many cases of DMOH(+). However, no difference in the elevation of PcGMP after standing was noted between N and the two DM groups. (3) Systolic blood pressure (SBP) rose markedly in only DMOH(+) from 146 +/- 27mmHg to 178 +/- 34mmHg 5 minutes after G administration. The increment of PNE and PE 5 minutes after G administration were similar in all groups. In only DMOH(+), the increase in PcAMP 15 minutes after G test was proportional (r = 0.498) to that of epinephrine. (4) Responses of SBP, PNE, PE and PAC to cold pressor test apparently improved after administration of metoclopramide (MC) in some patients with DM. These results suggest that not only organic disturbance of sympathetic nerves but also functional inhibition of norepinephrine release mediated by dopamine receptor, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of orthostatic hypotension in diabetes mellitus. It is considered that catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla in DMOH(+) is increased by hypotension induced by standing. Furthermore, the vascular response to catecholamines may be accelerated through the increment of the extrajunctional receptor in DMOH(+).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[The role of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system and adrenergic receptors in the pathogenesis of orthostatic hypotension in diabetes mellitus]. 285 93

This paper shows that the seven HA306-320 specific T-cell clones isolated from one individual recognize the peptide complexed to both autologous HLA-DRB1*1101 and allogeneic HLA-DRB1*1601 (or DRB5*0201) molecules. For each T-cell clone, a single T-cell receptor (TCR) is involved in the recognition of these two different peptide-DR complexes as evidenced by cold target competition experiments. Yet, the seven T-cell clones express several different TCRs as judged by V beta-J beta usage and fine specificities. Furthermore, one representative clone has the same fine specificity for HA306-320 analogues mutated at epitopic residues irrespective of the use of DR1101 or DR1601 APC. These results suggest that structural differences between DRB1*1101 and DRB1*1601 (or DRB5*0201) do not dramatically influence the orientation of HA306-320 in the grooves such that most residues interacting with TCRs are conserved. In another individual, the same pattern of restriction, i.e. DR1101 + DR1601, was found for several HA306-320 specific clones. Two additional patterns, DR1101 + DR0801 and DR1101 + DR0801 + DR1601, were identified. By comparing DR sequences the authors found that DRB1*1101 and DRB1*1601 share four important motifs, i.e. beta 85-86, beta 67-71, beta 57 and beta 28-31 supposed to line three distinct HLA-DR pockets. Three of these motifs are also shared with DRB1*0801. All the results further support that the motif similarities allow the peptide to adopt very similar orientations in the cross-reacting DR molecules.
 ...
PMID:Sharing of four DR-beta sequence motifs between HLA-DRB1*1601 and DRB1*1101 correlates with frequent degenerate T-cell recognition of HA306-320 peptide complexed to these two molecules. 863 94

Syndromes such as ascites (pulmonary hypertension syndrome) present difficulties both in the interpretation of associated physiological observations and in their analyses. The ability to predict which physiological variables have the greatest influence on survival or, more importantly, which individuals are most susceptible or resistant to ascites would be very useful selection tools. When addressed in this manner, ascites data become binary data sets (healthy or affected). Binary data can be problematic in that they do not meet all of the assumptions necessary for more traditional analyses such as ANOVA and linear regression. Binary data are discrete and do not have normally distributed errors, which violates a fundamental assumption of linear models. The predictive abilities of linear and logistic regression were evaluated in two replicated experiments using two methods to induce ascites, cold exposure (COLD) and surgical clamping of one pulmonary artery (PAC). The logistic and linear predictive models were derived using the same data and variables. The first data set from PAC and COLD were used to develop the predictive models and the replicate data sets of PAC and COLD were used as "test data sets" for the prediction of ascites. The linear models developed were complex, using four or five variables and requiring up to seven different measurements. On average, the linear models predicted ascites correctly 87.6% of the time. The logistic models were simple (single variable) models that predicted ascites correctly 92.0% of the time. The variables used in the logistic models were derivations of the ratio of right ventricular weight to total ventricular weight, either corrected for age or the body weight of the bird. Although linear regression predicted the incidence of ascites almost as well as logistic regression did, logistic regression is the more appropriate test statistic to use.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of logistic versus linear regression models for predicting pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) using cold exposure or pulmonary artery clamp models in broilers. 905 24

The analysis of tissue-specific genetic alterations depends on the selective procurement of homogeneous cell populations. Microbeam microdissection of membrane-mounted native tissue (MOMeNT) permits the rapid, selective, and low-contamination procurement of tumor or other cells from histological sections by non-thermic non-contact laser microdissection. Tissue sections are mounted on a specifically designed ultrathin transparent supporter membrane. Tissue together with the membrane are then dissected with an ultraviolet (337-nm) pulsed laser microbeam coupled into a robot-stage microscope. The ultraviolet laser causes dissection by cold photolysis due to the high photon density of the microbeam rather than by local heating. The track of the laser microbeam can be preselected freely on a video screen, and the size and form of the dissectates can thus be adapted to the histological features of the section with a delineation accuracy in the micron range. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA from the dissectates is not impaired, and tumor-specific loss of heterozygosity of the APC gene as well as homozygous deletion of the MTS1 gene are demonstrated in bladder carcinomas. Taken together, microbeam MOMeNT is a novel technique that utilizes membrane-based microdissection by an ultraviolet laser microbeam, thus providing a flexible, easy-to-use high-performance tool for the molecular pathologist.
 ...
PMID:Microbeam MOMeNT: non-contact laser microdissection of membrane-mounted native tissue. 921 32

Iceland is a major producer of cold water shrimp, Pandalus borealis. In recent years considerable attention has been given to improve hygiene in the factories producing cooked, peeled and frozen shrimp. To keep track of the bacteriological status of the end product, shrimp from most of the factories is routinely analysed bacteriologically by the request of shrimp exporters. This paper reports on the results of a bacteriological analysis of 7913 samples of shrimp from 26 Icelandic factories over a 6-year period. The results showed that the geometric mean of APC (at 35 degrees C) was 1718 per g and 57% of the samples had APC under 1000 per g. Some 70% of the samples had less than one coliform per g and 99.9% of the samples had less than one faecal coliform per g. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in less than 0.2% of the samples. The results show improvement in bacterial profiles, mainly total coliforms, over the 6-year period. Overall, the results show acceptable bacterial numbers in the finished product, indicating a high level of hygiene. Listeria spp. were, however, found in 270 of 3331 samples examined or 8.1%. Species identification was done on 49 of the 270 positive samples. The proportion of L. monocytogenes was found to be 26.5%.
 ...
PMID:Microbiological quality of Icelandic cooked-peeled shrimp (Pandalus borealis). 992 47

Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop colitis and colorectal cancer similar to the inflammatory bowel disease associated cancer in humans. The aim of this study was to identify possible mutations of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes involved in tumorigenesis in Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice. Twenty colon carcinomas from IL-10-deficient mice were screened for mutations in the K-ras and p53 genes by 'cold' single-strand-conformation polymorphism. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect mutations in the proteins P53, APC and MSH2, and the transforming growth factor beta type II receptor. Microsatellite instability was analysed at eight chromosomal loci and plasma levels of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) were also measured. At 9 weeks, 14% of the animals developed colorectal cancer, and at 10-31 weeks the incidence of carcinoma was 65%. No mutations were detected in the analysed oncogene and tumour suppressor genes. Plasma TGF-beta1 levels in IL-10-deficient mice 10-31 weeks old were higher than in wild-type littermates e.g. 45.7 +/- 4.6 ng/ml versus 19.8 +/- 4.5 ng/ml (P<0.01). No alterations in K-ras, p53, APC: and Msh2 genes suggests that other genes are involved in the development of these tumours. Elevated TGF-beta1 plasma levels correspond to the high incidence of dysplasia and cancer. Normal expression of the TGF-beta II receptors hints at genetic alterations in other members of the TGF-beta receptor signal transduction pathway.
 ...
PMID:Interleukin-10-deficient mice and inflammatory bowel disease associated cancer development. 1128 4

Three beef dressing lines of different capacity (160, 440 and 800 head d(-1)) were investigated with respect to contamination associated with carcass/hide and carcass/faeces contacts, the distribution of microbial contamination on carcasses and the antimicrobial efficacy of cold water carcass washes. Swab samples were taken from up to 17 sites for determination of Aerobic Plate Counts at 37 degrees C (APC 37 degrees C) and Escherichia coli enumeration using the Petrifilm procedure. The three beef dressing systems produced virtually identical patterns of microbial contamination. High contamination was found at those sites associated with opening cuts and/or subject to hide contact during hide removal. Where contamination is intermittent, the use of mean microbial data tended to obscure evidence of faecal or hide contact. Consequently, worst-case results, as represented by the 95th percentile value, were used to identify probable instances and sources of contact contamination. Sites not subject to faecal contamination or hide contact typically had swab sample APC (37 degrees C) values of less than log 2.00 cfu cm(-2) accompanied by the occasional detection of E. coli at levels below log 1.00 cfu cm(-2). Sites contacted by 'clean' hide typically had APC (37 degrees C) counts of log 3.00 cfu cm(-2) or greater accompanied by occasional E. coli counts not exceeding log 2.00 cfu cm(-2). Sites contaminated by direct faecal contact or contact with faecally contaminated hides typically had APC (37 degrees C) counts equal to, or greater than, log 4.00 cfu cm(-2) accompanied by E. coli counts exceeding log 2.00 cfu cm(-2). Cold water carcass washing was ineffective in removing microbial contamination and tended to bring about a posterior to anterior redistribution, resulting in increased counts at forequarter sites.
 ...
PMID:Distribution and sources of microbial contamination on beef carcasses. 1245 92


1 2 3 4 Next >>