Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032617 (polyuria)
 3,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 36-year-old man with prolonged confusion developed after psychomotor status was reported. He had no past history of epileptic seizures or psychotic disorders. The status continued for 20 hours, and twilight state and a slight fever lasted for about 10 days. Thereafter gross impairment of memory and disorientation became remarkable, and, in addition, strong psychic and autonomic disturbances developed, such as visual and auditory hallucinations, excessive excitement, disturbance of sleep, polyphagia, polydypsia, polyuria and hyperhidrosis. The CT scan, carotide angiography, CSF examination, and complement fixation tests for viruses were all within normal limits. The EEGs showed a slowing of the background activity, 0.6--0.8 Hz periodic high voltage wave discharges and random spikes in each temporal area. The clinical symptoms and EEG findings gradually improved without remarkable damage.
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PMID:A case of prolonged confusion after temporal lobe psychomotor status. 52 Sep 42

A 13-year-old boy with a teratoma in the sellar region was presented. This patient had gradually developed polyuria and polydipsia since 2 years prior to the first admission. Endocrinological examination showed a marked reduction of pituitary function. Careful neuroradiological examinations including CT failed to show any mass lesion in the sellar and suprasellar regions but a marked increase of the width of the third ventricle. CSF examination revealed only a slight increase of cell count (lymphocytes). The patient was discharged with hormonal replacement therapy. Seven months later the patient developed visual disturbance and mental disorders. On the second admission, plain skull films showed enlarged sella and CT demonstrated a mass in the suprasellar region. Preoperative diagnosis was suprasellar germinoma. At surgery a teratoma, probably arising from the pituitary fossa, was totally removed. Histopathology of the tumor showed tri-dermal tissues including melanotic progonoma and germinoma. The authors presented various problems of the patient and their solving processes.
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PMID:[Polyuria and polydipsia in a young boy--a case study (author's transl)]. 52 58

Two adolescent boys with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (progressive external ophthalmoplegia, heart block, elevated CSF protein, and ragged-red muscle fibers) developed lethargy, increasing somnolence, polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria after a brief course of steroid therapy. Both had hyperglycemia and acidosis. Nonketotic, lactic acidosis was present in one and ketosis in the other. Severe respiratory failure developed, and both patients died. Postmortem revealed fatty infiltration of the pancreas in addition to a diffuse spongiform encephalopathy.
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PMID:Fatal metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and coma after steroid therapy for Kearns-Sayre syndrome. 370 1

There is suggestive evidence for the direct participation of mineralocorticoids in the production of centrally mediated hypertension. Unilaterally nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats received a continuous infusion for 30 days using implanted osmotic minipumps with 1) artificial spinal fluid (CSF) intracerebroventricularly (icvt); 2) 0.005 micrograms aldosterone/h icvt; 3) 0.005 micrograms aldosterone/h sc; 4) 0.5 micrograms aldosterone/h sc. There was no significant difference between the groups in average weight gain (52 +/- 2 g) or organ weight to body weight, nor was urine volume increased above normal except in the group receiving the high sc dose of aldosterone. Blood pressure was significantly elevated only in those animals receiving 0.005 micrograms aldosterone/h icvt and 0.5 micrograms aldosterone/h sc. A second experiment was done using a specific spironolactone-type mineralocorticoid antagonist, prorenone. The rats were grouped as follows: 1) CSF icvt; 2) 0.005 micrograms/h aldosterone icvt; 3) 0.005 micrograms/h aldosterone plus 0.005 micrograms/h prorenone icvt; 4) 0.005 micrograms/h aldosterone plus 0.02 micrograms/h prorenone icvt; 5) 0.02 micrograms/h prorenone icvt. This study confirmed that this minute dose of aldosterone infused icvt produced a statistically significant increase in blood pressure with no increase in urine volume. Both the low, 0.005 micrograms/h, and high, 0.02 micrograms/h, doses of prorenone antagonized the pressor effect of aldosterone when infused with aldosterone into the lateral cerebral ventricle. The groups receiving 0.02 micrograms/h prorenone icvt or CSF icvt did not differ significantly in those parameters measured. A dose of aldosterone that was too small to produce changes in blood pressure when infused systemically was found to produce hypertension without polydypsia/polyuria when infused intrathecally. This pressor effect could be blocked by the concomitant infusion of a specific antagonist, prorenone. The study presented offers strong circumstantial evidence supporting a direct hypertensinogenic effect of aldosterone within the central nervous system.
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PMID:Intracerebroventricular infusion of aldosterone induces hypertension in rats. 394 93

Subacute meningitis caused by Candida albicans was confirmed by culture and immunoserologically in a 19-year-old girl. Combined administration of amphotericin B and flucytosine only slowly affected the course of the disease despite impressive improvement in clinical symptoms. Pleocytosis (1000/mm3) in cerebrospinal fluid persisted. Falling Candida antibody titre in serum and CSF, however, pointed to an improvement in the acute infection. Treatment had to be discontinued after 42 days because of side-effects such as rigor, fever and polyuria with low concentration. Under serial clinical observations with occasional CSF punctures complete cure occurred with normal CSF findings. There was an additional and unusual neurological-otological condition of intermittent inner-ear deafness, left more than right, before treatment. Recording of early auditory evoked potentials pointed to an involvement of the cranial nerves as part of the inflammatory process.
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PMID:[Candida meningitis. Case report]. 634 19

Concentrations of norepinephrine and metabolites of biogenic amines were measured in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia, nine of whom were polyuric. The mean level of norepinephrine was two-fold higher (p < or = 0.025) in polyuric patients than in patients whose excretion of urine was within the normal range. CSF levels of histamine's primary metabolite, tele-methylhistamine, an index of brain histaminergic activity, were positively correlated (p < 0.005) with daily urine volume. These results are consistent with the known influence of norepinephrine and histamine on fluid regulation and suggest that norepinephrine and histamine may be involved in psychogenic polydipsia-polyuria in schizophrenic patients.
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PMID:The relationship between urine excretion and biogenic amines and their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients. 878 15

Etiologies of a thickened stalk include inflammatory, neoplastic, and idiopathic origins, and the underlying diagnosis may remain occult. We report a patient with a thickened pituitary stalk (TPS) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) whose diagnosis remained obscure until a skin lesion appeared. The patient presented with PTC, status postthyroidectomy, and I(131) therapy. PTC molecular testing revealed BRAF mutant (V600E, GTC>GAG). She had a 5-year history of polyuria/polydipsia. Overnight dehydration study confirmed diabetes insipidus (DI). MRI revealed TPS with loss of the posterior pituitary bright spot. Evaluation showed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and low IGF-1. Chest X-ray and ACE levels were normal. Radiographs to evaluate for extrapituitary sites of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) were unremarkable. Germinoma studies were negative: normal serum and CSF beta-hCG, alpha-fetoprotein, and CEA. Three years later, the patient developed vulvar labial lesions followed by inguinal region skin lesions, biopsy of which revealed LCH. Reanalysis of thyroid pathology was consistent with concurrent LCH, PTC, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis within the thyroid. This case illustrates that one must be vigilant for extrapituitary manifestations of systemic diseases to diagnose the etiology of TPS. An activating mutation of the protooncogene BRAF is a potential unifying etiology of both PTC and LCH.
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PMID:Occult Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, a Thickened Pituitary Stalk and Diabetes Insipidus. 2765 1