Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032617 (polyuria)
 3,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has recently been shown to stimulate both polydipsia and polyuria and the aim of this study was to determine which was the primary response. Ewes received a continuous intravenous saline infusion (100 ml day-1) for 12 days (days 1-12) and EGF at doses of 0 (n = 6) or 10 micrograms h-1 (n = 6) over days 5-8. The supply of water was ad libitum during days 1-4 and 9-12, but was fixed at the pretreatment mean of days 1-4 for each ewe during days 5-8. 2. During the period of fixed water intake, the EGF-treated ewes experienced mild dehydration with elevated plasma osmolality, sodium, renin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations and slightly reduced plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations. 3. When the supply of water returned to ad libitum, the EGF-treated ewes increased their water intake by 105% (5.25 +/- 0.28 vs. 2.55 +/- 0.19 l day-1) and subsequently fluid balance was restored; plasma electrolyte and hormone responses also returned to normal. 4. This experiment demonstrates that EGF infused at a dose rate of 10 micrograms h-1 I.V. into sheep has a direct renal diuretic effect.
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PMID:Epidermal growth factor as a diuretic in sheep. 807 86

Diabetes mellitus causes hypertonicity, increased plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), polydipsia, and polyuria. Downregulation of AVP V2 receptors may contribute to the polyuria through diminished V2 receptor-mediated free water retention. After 2 wk of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, the diabetic rats had raised plasma glucose, AVP, and osmolality levels (P < 0.001) compared with nondiabetic controls (Sham). Insulin treatment (4 U long-acting insulin sc, daily) partially lowered these values (P < 0.01). There was a reduction in the number of renal and hepatic V1 receptors in the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals compared with the sham animals (P < 0.05). The receptor affinity remained unchanged. In parallel, there was a reduction in maximum AVP-activated total inositol phosphate production in the liver and kidney of the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals compared with the sham animals (P < 0.05). The density and affinity of renal V2 receptors and AVP-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate production in the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals were unchanged compared with the sham. These results demonstrate differential regulation of AVP receptors and suggest that downregulation of renal V2 receptors does not contribute to the polyuria of diabetes. In contrast, downregulation of V1 receptors might contribute to diminished V1 receptor-mediated biological responses to AVP seen in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Vasopressin V1 and V2 receptors in diabetes mellitus. 814 Dec 80

The Brattleboro rat with hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (BDI) has an abnormal aversion to drinking quinine-adulterated water compared with normal rats of the parent Long Evans (LE) strain. This BDI animal tolerates marked hypovolemia and decreased body weight in preference to drinking the quinine-adulterated fluid, indicative of a reduced motivation to drink. Acute or chronic treatment of BDI rats with desamino-8D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) restored to normal their drinking response to quinine solution. Partial restoration of fluid turnover in BDI rats with hydrochlorothiazide, which has an antidiuretic effect in diabetes insipidus (when vasopressin is absent), failed to abolish the abnormal drinking response to quinine-adulterated solution in 8 out of 12 animals. In contrast, induction of diabetes mellitus in LE rats, which resulted in a marked polydipsia and polyuria even though vasopressin was still present, did not impair the drinking response to quinine solutions. These results suggest that the abnormal drinking response to quinine-adulterated fluid in BDI rats is reversed by treatment with the vasopressin V2-receptor agonist DDAVP but is unlikely to be a consequence of the restoration of fluid turnover to normal levels by a renal action. A possible central action involving vasopressin and the motivation to drink is discussed.
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PMID:The abnormal quinine drinking aversion in the Brattleboro rat with diabetes insipidus is reversed by the vasopressin agonist DDAVP: a possible role for vasopressin in the motivation to drink. 819 Jul 53

A 55-year-old male smoker developed polyuria and polydipsia in November 1983. A water deprivation study revealed a defect in the urine concentrating function, which was corrected by vasopressin. Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was not increased by smoking. His condition was well controlled by deamino-D-arginine vasopressin. However, since February 1992 he has become completely free from the need for medication to control his urine volume. Re-evaluation studies with water deprivation and smoking revealed dramatic improvements in the urine concentrating function and ADH response. A patient with idiopathic diabetes insipidus with spontaneous remission after 8 years is reported.
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PMID:A case of central diabetes insipidus with spontaneous remission after 8 years of the disease. 828 64

The value of a water deprivation test incorporating urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) measurement was investigated in 13 patients with polydipsia and/or polyuria (complete central diabetes insipidus [CCDI] in four; incomplete central diabetes insipidus [ICDI] in five; secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus [NDI] in three; compulsive water drinking [CWD] in one) and a group of 25 control subjects (C). Urine samples were collected after water deprivation during sleep and the urinary osmolalities and AVP concentrations were measured. Analysis of the results of 104 urine samples from the 25 control subjects demonstrated a close correlation between urinary osmolality and AVP (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). After water deprivation during sleep, the respective mean maximal urinary osmolalities and AVP concentrations were: 127.4 +/- 34.4 mOsm/kg and 1.1 +/- 0.5 pg/mL in the patients with CCDI (14 samples, four children); 410.3 +/- 101.8 and 6.1 +/- 3.5 in those with ICDI (16 samples, five children); 348.7 +/- 71.2 and 100 +/- 45.1 in those with NDI (nine samples, three children); 541.5 +/- 143.5 and 43.6 +/- 33.2 in the patient with CWD (two samples, one child) and 898.8 +/- 186.3 and 97.4 +/- 50.4 in group C (54 samples, 18 children). Furthermore, the urinary AVP level relative to the osmolality in each patient varied depending on the AVP secretion status and renal concentrating ability. Each patient, except the one with CWD, could be discriminated from the normal subjects using this test. It seems that this test is easy to perform and useful for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with partial/complete posterior pituitary function defects and those with renal concentration impairment.
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PMID:Urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) measurement in children: water deprivation test incorporating urinary AVP. 837 25

A 50-year-old Japanese man had been suffering from polydipsia and polyuria for 2 months without any other specific symptoms. His daily urinary output reached 5 liters. On admission, no abnormalities of the kidneys, heart, thyroid, adrenals, pituitary or hypothalamus were detected by laboratory tests and MRI of the head. Pure psychogenic polydipsia was ruled out because his urine volume did not decrease sufficiently with 18 h of water deprivation and the subsequent injection of aqueous vasopressin. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels against plasma osmolality remained within the normal range during the test. These results indicated that diabetes insipidus in this case was caused by renal insensitivity to AVP. The symptoms disappeared spontaneously, and marked improvement was observed in a second water deprivation test 1 month later, although the maximum urine concentration was still subnormal. The combination of both latent insufficiency of AVP secretion and impairment of the renal countercurrent system induced by psychogenic polydipsia was speculated as a possible mechanism for the transient nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in this case.
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PMID:Transient nephrogenic diabetes insipidus accompanied by possible psychogenic polydipsia. 852 83

Plasma immunoreactive vasopressin (iAVP) was studied by RIA in a patient suffering from polyuria during chronic treatment with lithium. The combined use of two antisera specific for different regions of the AVP molecule allowed us to detect circulating forms which are modified in the acyclic tripeptide portion. In this lithium-treated patient, iAVP was abnormally low with respect to plasma osmolality. However, iAVP increased during hypertonic saline infusion, probably through an osmosensitive mechanism. A remarkable finding was that contrary to the observations made in healthy subjects and in another patient with diabetes insipidus, iAVP measured with the antiserum specific for the acyclic portion of the AVP molecule was below the values measured with the antiserum specific for the hexapeptide ring. This unusual immunoreactivity profile suggests that the plasma of this polyuric lithium-treated patient contains vasopressin-like peptides which differ from arginine vasopressin in the structure of the C-terminal tripeptide tail.
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PMID:Evidence for circulating vasopressin-like peptides in a case of polyuria. 884 82

Fourteen of 58 (24%) children with Langerhans cell hisiocytosis (LCH) currently attending the Hospital for Sick Children (London) developed thirst and polyuria during the course of their disease. Three had single-system disease confined to bone, and 11 had multisystem disease. The median age at presentation of LCH was 2 years 0 months, and polyuria/polydipsia developed at a median age of 3 years 9 months (range 1 month before diagnosis of LCH to 4 years after diagnosis). Each child had a water deprivation test with measurement of urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) to document diabetes insipidus. The doses of 1-desamino-8-D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) required to control symptoms were compared at diagnosis and at a mean follow-up of 7 years 8 months. Local and systemic treatment was recorded. Ten of 14 children were shown to have "complete" diabetes insipidus, whilest the other four had "partial" diabetes insipidus. Seven children were treated with irradiation. with or without systemic chemotherapy, six with systemic chemotherapy only, and one with DDAVP replacement only. No child, including two with partial diabetes insipidus irradiated within 4 weeks of the onset of symptoms, lost symptoms of polyuria/polydypsia and none was able to discontinue DDAVP replacement. One child treated with Etoposide showed a temporary rise in urinary AVP level to within the normal range but still needed DDAVP to control her symptoms. The mean doses of DDAVP at onset of diabetes insipidus and at follow-up were 9.3 micrograms and 18 micrograms daily, respectively. We conclude that the most appropriate treatment for reversing diabetes insipidus complicating Langerhans cell histiocytosis is yet to be determined. Precise documentation of posterior pituitary dysfunction, including measurement of urinary AVP levels, is essential if the effects of new forms of treatment are to be assessed accurately.
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PMID:Diabetes insipidus associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: is it reversible? 943 35

Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels, urinary flow and urine osmolality were investigated in a group of adolescents (20 boys and 5 girls), aged 11-21 y, with severe monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and a control group of healthy adolescents (16M and 4F) with similar age- and sex-distribution. Half of the control group was investigated twice, with an interval of 6 months. AVP samples were taken every fourth hour in all adolescents and half of the control group were also investigated every second hour to achieve more samples during controlled sleep. After the study the enuretic group were put on long-term oral desmopressin (DDAVP). The difference between day and night values of AVP was significant for both groups, but there was no difference in the day/night ratios of plasma-AVP. All the adolescents produced less urine while asleep, but the controls produced significantly more urine than the enuretics during day. The controls also had a significantly larger nocturnal elevation of urine osmolality than the enuretics, thus a tendency towards polyuria was found. We could not find any significant difference between responders to DDAVP treatment and non-responders in any of the parameters studied. AVP is secreted in a pulsatile fashion and with point hormone samples taken every fourth or second hour we were unable to find any difference in the diurnal AVP secretion between enuretics and normal controls.
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PMID:Diurnal plasma vasopressin and urinary output in adolescents with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. 917 25

In five patients (a boy aged 10 years, a boy aged 3 months, his brother aged 1 week, the brother of the mother of the last-mentioned two boys who had died at the age of one, and a girl of kindergarten age) congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was diagnosed. This rare syndrome (prevalence 1:500,000) is caused by renal insensitivity to the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin. In infancy the symptoms of this disorder are aspecific, and the main symptoms of the disease, polyuria and polydipsia, often remain unnoticed at this young age. A simple anamnesis and a few laboratory tests should suggest the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and genetic counselling are possible as the molecular effects involved have been elucidated.
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PMID:[Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a difficult diagnosis?]. 919 May 34


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