Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032617 (polyuria)
 3,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cause of the morphological changes and functional defects in the renal tubule seen in patients with severe potassium depletion is unknown. In man and animals potassium status is a major factor regulating ammonia synthesis in the kidney and urinary ammonium excretion. A primary effect of potassium depletion is to cause an increase in ammoniagenesis by the renal tubular cells. It is proposed that the vacuolation of the renal tubular cells and the functional defects of tubular proteinuria, polyuria, resistance to arginine vasopressin, renal resistance to the action of parathyroid hormone, and increased urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase found in potassium depletion are secondary effects caused by high concentrations of ammonia in the renal tubular cells.
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PMID:Increased ammoniagenesis and the renal tubular effects of potassium depletion. 651 81

We studied a patient with spontaneous periodic hypothermia, agenesis of corpus callosum (Shapiro's syndrome), polydipsia polyuria, and hyponatremia. Endocrine evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary unit, thyroid, adrenals and gonads was normal. Results of a water deprivation test implied primary polydipsia. Four of 10 reported cases of Shapiro's syndrome had abnormalities in water metabolism. In view of the known effects of arginine vasopressin in thermoregulation, the recurrent hypothermia of this syndrome and the abnormalities of water metabolism may have a common pathogenetic mechanism.
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PMID:Spontaneous periodic hypothermia. 653 57

The effect of [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta- cyclopentamethylene -propionic acid),2-0- ethyltyrosine ,4-valine]-arginine vasopressin on the water metabolism was studied in rats. The compound decreases the antidiuretic action of exogenous vasopressin in Brattleboro rats; in rats without diabetes insipidus it causes temporary polyuria and eliminates the response of antidiuresis to an osmotic stimulus. The results indicate that this compound can block the antidiuretic action of both exogenous and endogenous vasopressin.
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PMID:Effect of the vasopressin antagonist d/CH2/5Tyr/Et/VAVP on the antidiuretic action of exogenous and endogenous vasopressin. 673 Aug 54

Inappropriate arginine vasopressin release and polyuria with excessive thirst were found in a patient with hypothalamic sarcoidosis subsequently confirmed at autopsy. He became intensely thirsty during a 5% saline infusion at a plasma osmolality of 274 mosmol/liter. The normal thirst threshold under these conditions is 294 +/- 3 mosmol/liter (+/- SD). An increase in radioimmunoassayable arginine vasopressin was detected at an inappropriately low plasma osmolality, and free water clearance was negative despite a plasma osmolality of 265 +/- 5 mosmol/liter with ad libitum fluid intake. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis has not been described previously in combination with hypothalamic sarcoidosis. Demeclocycline therapy was associated with an exacerbation of the patient's polyuria. Propranolol administration, however, was associated with a reduction of urine output and an increase in plasma osmolality to 279 mosmol/liter on one and 299 mosmol/liter on another occasion.
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PMID:Polyuria and inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin in hypothalamic sarcoidosis. 682 37

In two from 3 hyperkalemic patients with chronic glomerulonephritis associated with suppressed aldosterone production ("selective hypoaldosteronism") fractional free water excretion increased and urine osmolality decreased during sodium (Na) restriction. In one of the patients with severe renal concentrating defect in combination with partial vasopressin deficiency polyuria was paradoxically accentuated by lowered Na intake. Na restriction induced 1. a dramatic increase in plasma aldosterone levels, 2. a decrease in glomerular filtration rate associated with a marked disturbance in the glomerulotubular balance resembling to the effects of volume expansion, and 3. a decrease in urinary arginine vasopressin excretion. Paradoxical enhancement of water excretion was explained by increased delivery of filtrate into the distal nephron, increased abstraction of Na from the tubular fluid together with insufficient water permeability of the collecting tubules and lowered vasopressin production.
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PMID:Free water excretion due to suppressed vasopressin and stimulated aldosterone during sodium restriction in hypoaldosteronemic renal failure. 712 44

The antidiuretic responses of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) were studied in rats with marked lithium-polyuria (about 100 ml/100 g/24 h) induced by administration of lithium to the diet for 3-4 months. The hormones were infused i.v. and s.c. at a constant rate for 7 days using implantable osmotic minipumps. Body weight, food consumption and urine volume and osmolality were recorded daily. Whereas supramaximal doses of AVP only had little effect on spontaneous urine flow and osmolality, DDAVP (0.1 microgram/h i.v. or 1 microgram/H s.c.) restored urine volume and osmolality to near-normal values. Although the mechanism of the antidiuresis evoked by DDAVP was not investigated the ability of this compound to reverse AVP-resistant polyuria may be due to its specificity and high intrinsic activity in stimulating the vasopressin receptor. The reversibility of lithium-induced impairment of renal concentrating ability caused by excessive hormonal stimulation is not immediately compatible with the recent hypothesis that lithium-polyuria may reflect irreversible structural kidney damage.
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PMID:DDAVP (1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin) treatment of lithium-induced polyuria in the rat. 725 83

At the age of 20 months a baby girl began with compulsive water drinking. The water intake reached 4,000 ml per day. The constant drinking of water created disorganization in the family life. At the age of 2 years and 9 months, the psychogenic polydipsia is confirmed, based in the patient's ability to concentrate her urine, which was demonstrated with 1-deamino-BD arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) and the water deprivation tests. Neither bacteriological, clinical, nor radiological evidences of urinary infection were found. The intravenous pyelogram revealed a unilateral and complete duplication of the collecting system. The abnormal urinary tract does not have a causal relationship with the polyuria. With progressive water deprivation, the polydispia stopped in two months. Psychogenic polydispia is rare in infants and children. The mistake and delay in diagnosis is frequency. The differential diagnosis with cranial diabetes insipidus and urological diseases may be difficult sometimes.
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PMID:[Psychogenic polydipsia in a child]. 732 92

Water balance studies were performed in 7 experimental dogs before and during a period of cortisol-induced polyuria and in one dog with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism before and after removal of an adrenocortical carcinoma. Measurements of urine and plasma osmolality and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration were made at regular intervals during the water deprivation studies. The results indicate that cortisol does not block the release of vasopressin but interferes with its action in the kidney.
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PMID:Studies on the mechanism of polyuria induced by cortisol excess in the dog. 744 17

To further elucidate the role of the preoptic-hypothalamic region in fluid and electrolyte balance we studied the effect of surgical preoptic-hypothalamic disconnection using either a large (preoptic-hypothalamic disconnection) or a small (medial preoptic-hypothalamic disconnection) microknife. Both the large and small cuts seemed to transect the posterior projection originating in the periventricular tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) and extending to supraoptic nucleus, but the supraoptic-neurohypophysial pathway was severed only by the large cut. Seven-day metabolic studies showed a disruption in hydromineral balance only in large cut rats; they had increased water intake and urine volume on day 1, a near-recovery of function on days 2 and 3, and polydipsia and polyuria on days 4 to 7. There was no difference between small cut rats and sham-operated rats in metabolic measurements. The large cut rats also had sustained hypernatremia and hyperosmolality, which was enhanced after water restriction for 48 h but was not accompanied by an increase in plasma arginine vasopressin. Our data therefore suggest that the efferent fibers running caudally from the AV3V are not involved in mediation of the hydromineral regulation of the AV3V.
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PMID:Effects of large and small transections of the preoptic-hypothalamic region on hydromineral regulation in rats. 795 11

We studied the incidence of postoperative hyponatremia in 91 consecutive patients (44 males and 47 females; age, 45 yr; range, 12-76) operated on transsphenoidally for pituitary tumors. A postoperative serum sodium concentration less than 135 mmol/L (the lowest, 109 mmol/L) was observed in 32 (35%) patients. Hyponatremia occurred most commonly in patients operated on for Cushing's disease (11 of 18 patients; 61%). Hyponatremia was symptomatic in 18 (56%) of the patients. Neither the size nor the operability of the tumor or transient postoperative polyuria predicted the development of hyponatremia. Hyponatremia was first observed on the sixth or seventh postoperative day. The patients were treated with water restriction and by increasing the hydrocortisone replacement dose in the case of ACTH deficiency, and recovery took place, on the average, within 5 days. High urinary osmolality and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration during hyponatremia in a subgroup of study patients with these measurements indicated that inappropriate vasopressin secretion was involved in the pathogenesis of hyponatremia. In conclusion, postoperative hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery is common and may put the patients at increased risk of severe hyponatremic symptoms. Therefore, all patients should be screened for serum electrolytes for 1 week after transsphenoidal surgery.
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PMID:Hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors. 796 34


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