Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032617 (polyuria)
 3,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case history of a 65 year old female patient has been reported here by the authors. The patient was admitted to the Intensive Therapy Unit owing to her repeated heart pain. Later she was transferred to the Department of Medicine to establish the exact diagnosis. Prepyloric ulcer and hypertension were occurred in her history. The symptoms of her preceding as well as her recent illness were: pain in epigastric field, nausea, adynamia, weakness, polyuria, significant loss of weight, somnolence and the shortened Q--T time in electrocardiogram related to hypercalcemia syndrome. The calcium value in blood proved to be at critically high level from time to time. The possibility of the secondary hypercalcemic state was excluded by sonographic examination and the elevated level of parathormone in blood established the diagnosis of the hyperparathyroidism. The surgical resection of parathyroidic adenoma yielded a complete recovery of the patient. The authors call the attention to the significance of the clinical signs in the diagnosis of the disease.
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PMID:[Hyperparathyroidism simulating severe hypercalcemia syndrome]. 186 40

In a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 822 obese patients of both sexes were given either dexfenfluramine (dF), 15 mg twice daily (404), or placebo (418) in addition to a calorie-restricted diet for 1 year. Patients in both groups lost weight significantly in the first 6 months; after 6 months dF patients had a higher cumulative mean weight loss. Dropout rates were lower in dF patients than in placebo patients, mainly because of dissatisfaction with weight loss in the latter group. More than twice as many dF patients as placebo patients achieved a given weight loss; but more dF patients than placebo patients had transient side-effects (tiredness, diarrhoea, dry mouth, polyuria, and drowsiness).
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PMID:International trial of long-term dexfenfluramine in obesity. 257 57

International study of the effect of dexfenfluramine in obesity (ISIS): 6 months results. ISIS is a multicentre therapeutic trial of the "intention to treat" type organized to test the effectiveness and side-effects of dexfenfluramine combined with diet in the treatment of obesity. This was a randomized, double-blind drug versus placebo study programmed for a one-year period. Eight hundred and twenty-two obese patients were included. Dexfenfluramine was administered in doses of 15 mg b.d. The intermediate results after 6 months of treatment are presented. Significant differences were observed between the dexfenfluramine group (n = 404) and the placebo group (n = 418). In the treated group: 1) the drug withdrawal rate was lower, mainly due to a greater number of patients in the placebo group dissatisfied with their weight loss; 2) about twice as many patients achieved an important loss of weight in terms of percentage of the initial weight or overweight; 3) the cumulative loss of weight was greater; 4) there was a higher incidence of transient side-effects, such as fatigue, diarrhoea, dry mouth, polyuria and drowsiness. These results suggest that dexfenfluramine will be suitable for a more prolonged treatment of obese patients, in addition to diet.
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PMID:[International study of the effect of dexfenfluramine in obesity (ISIS): 6 months' results]. 266 89

Two adolescent boys with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (progressive external ophthalmoplegia, heart block, elevated CSF protein, and ragged-red muscle fibers) developed lethargy, increasing somnolence, polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria after a brief course of steroid therapy. Both had hyperglycemia and acidosis. Nonketotic, lactic acidosis was present in one and ketosis in the other. Severe respiratory failure developed, and both patients died. Postmortem revealed fatty infiltration of the pancreas in addition to a diffuse spongiform encephalopathy.
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PMID:Fatal metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and coma after steroid therapy for Kearns-Sayre syndrome. 370 1

This paper presents the clinical and metabolic findings in two young boys with long-standing Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Following short exposure to oral prednisone, both boys developed lethargy, increasing somnolence, polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. Both presented in the emergency room with profound coma, hypotension, severe hyperglycemia, and acidosis. Nonketotic lactic acidosis was present in one and ketosis without a known serum lactate level was present in the other. Respiratory failure rapidly ensued and both patients expired in spite of efforts at resuscitation. We believe these two cases represent a newly described and catastrophic metabolic-endocrine failure in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
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PMID:Hyperglycemic acidotic coma and death in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. 370 9

In a randomized double-blind parallel group study conducted in three centres the hypotensive activity of piretanide 6 mg b.i.d. was compared with that of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 25 mg b.i.d. and HCT 50 mg b.i.d. Ninety-three patients entered the study and sixty-one completed a 16-week trial period. All three treatments produced a significant reduction in supine diastolic and systolic blood pressure after only 2 weeks of active treatment and this was maintained for the duration of the study. The mean maximal reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure was 18% in the piretanide group, 18.8% in the HCT 25 mg b.i.d. group, and 20% in the HCT 50 mg b.i.d. group. The corresponding figures for the percentage of patients attaining a supine diastolic pressure below 95 mm Hg were 83%, 62% and 89%. There were no significant differences between the three groups. Side-effects were generally mild and transient, except for polyuria which was noted in all three groups but more commonly in the piretanide group. Two patients were withdrawn because of side-effects: one patient in the high dose HCT group developed severe postural symptoms; and one patient in the low dose HCT group was withdrawn because of restlessness, nausea, weakness, dizziness and somnolence. All three treatments caused a significant increase in serum uric acid concentrations. Four patients in each of the HCT groups developed hypokalaemia, but no patients in the piretanide group did so.
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PMID:A double-blind multicentre study of piretanide and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. 637 42

We report ophthalmological findings in 15 cases of nephropathia epidemica. The patients, 13 men and 2 women, were 20 to 62 (mean 30) years of age. The onset of the disease was characterized by high fever, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, backache, somnolence, red throat, proteinuria, and oliguria. The symptoms subsided rapidly during the polyuria stage. Transitory myopia occurred in 8 patients (53%). Conjunctival injection and haemorrhages were seen in 3 patients (20%). One patient had acute glaucoma with oedema in the cornea and shallowing of the anterior chamber, with subsequent anterior uveitis and haemorrhages in the ocular fundus, and another patients had acute glaucoma. Three patients had photophobia which occurred in 2 patients without any glaucoma or anterior uveitis.
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PMID:Ophthalmological findings in nephropathia epidemica in Lapland. 653 41

Ninety episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in 72 Sudanese children seen during a one year period were investigated. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 16 years with a median of 12 years. Twenty-two episodes (24%) occurred in newly diagnosed patients and 68 (76%) in previously known diabetic children. The mean observation period defined as the number of days from each one of the episodes until next episode or end of survey divided by the total number of the episodes was 180 days. During this short period of observation 18 recurrent episodes were observed giving an annual recurrent rate of 40%. The classical triad of polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss was a presentation in 83 (92%) episodes; acute abdominal pain and/or vomiting were observed in 69 (77%) episodes and drowsiness or deep coma was seen in 31 (34%) episodes. The most common precipitating causes of DKA in the studied patients with known diabetes were acute infections accounting for 38% of episodes, insulin non-availability for 34% of episodes and errors of treatment for 25%. The outcome of treatment in the whole group was good in the 69 (96%) patients who recovered without complications, but 3 (4%) patients died.
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PMID:Diabetic ketoacidosis in children in Khartoum city, Sudan. 792 36

A biocultural study of the side effects of chronic lithium treatment among 70 Hong Kong Chinese psychiatric patients, using a self-report 33-item checklist and semi-structured interviews, revealed an imperfect correspondence between biomedically prescribed and culturally endorsed psychotropic side effects. Although polydipsia and polyuria (47%) were the biomedically most 'real' side effects, they were not usually regarded as bothersome or translated into metaphors to express undesirable side effects. Complaints such as tiredness (38%), drowsiness (36%) and poor memory (31%) were also common but their frequency was significantly lower than that of normal control subjects. The item 'loss of creativity' had no conceptual equivalent in Chinese and was usually misinterpreted. As no patient was aware that lithium was a metal, the side effect 'metallic taste' was variously labelled. Contrary to Western findings, complaints of 'missing of highs', loss of assertiveness and fear of weight gain were rarely encountered. Active elicitation was required for indigenous complaints, with 38% of patients considering lithium to cause mild "hotness." This was readily neutralized by drinking more water which had a "cooling" effect. Expectedly, concurrent neuroleptics and antidepressants amplified most lithium side effects. This study affirms Western data on the biomedically universalizable effects of chronic lithium treatment, but also supports the thesis that culturally constituted cognitive styles affect patients' recognition, labelling, experiencing and reporting the total drug effect. Further, it demonstrates that the lived experience and clinical negotiation of lithium associated side effects reproduce, authenticate, and at times critique, core cultural and moral premises of Western and Chinese societies.
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PMID:Side effects of chronic lithium therapy in Hong Kong Chinese: an ethnopsychiatric perspective. 826 11

Nocturia, generally accepted as an inevitable consequence of aging, is also a symptom of a potentially lethal condition--obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The descriptive study reported in this article examined nocturia and sleep-related breathing problems in persons with postpolio syndrome (PPS) and tested the Sleep Disordered Breathing--Nocturia Model. This model describes the cascade of events that results in polyuria in persons with sleep-related breathing disorders. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. A 34-item questionnaire was published in the newsletter of a national polio support group, and the 584 respondents constituted a convenience sample. The results showed statistically significant associations between OSA symptoms, nocturia, poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, lower urinary tract symptoms, naps, and decreased self-rated health. Study limitations were the use of a convenience sample and possible self-selection of persons with more severe sleep and bladder problems. The results support the model and document how nocturia and sleep disturbances negatively impact persons with PPS.
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PMID:Nocturnal problems in postpolio syndrome: sleep apnea symptoms and nocturia. 1203 2


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