Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032617 (polyuria)
 3,056 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pituitary metastasis occurs rarely in cancer patients and often remains undiagnosed. However, early detection and appropriate treatment can improve the patient's quality of life and possibly prolong survival. Herein, we describe the case of a 52-year-old woman with panhypopituitarism caused by metastases to the hypothalamus and pituitary from primary breast cancer. She had a 5-year history of breast cancer with metastases to the bones 1.5 years after initial diagnosis and mastectomy. She presented with severe headaches, generalized fatigue, dizziness, hypotension, difficulties with balance and coordination, polyuria, and polydipsia. Laboratory work-up revealed panhypopituitarism (central diabetes insipidus; hypothyroidism; and low prolactin, gonadotrophin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels), and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the pituitary and hypothalamic involvement. She received hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy of the sella turcica and suprasellar lesion, and chemotherapy, with significant improvement of her clinical status, but she died 15 months later.
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PMID:Panhypopituitarism due to metastases to the hypothalamus and the pituitary resulting from primary breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature. 1993 72

The combination of hyponatremia and renovascular hypertension is known as hyponatremic-hypertensive syndrome (HHS) and so rarely described in children but associated with various kinds of occlusions of the renal artery. We describe two children who presented HHS with severe hypokalemia, polyuria, and polydipsia associated with Wilms tumor, which required treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor before nephrectomy. All HHS signs and symptoms resolved only following surgical resection of the tumor, allowing chemotherapy to be given.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010 Sep
PMID:Severe polyuria and polydipsia in hyponatremic-hypertensive syndrome associated with Wilms tumor. 2065 33

Skin metastasis secondary to cancer of the prostate is rare and the prognosis is poor. A 65-year-old male patient diagnosed with metastatic colon carcinoma presented with polyuria and subcutaneous nodular mass on dorsal side of the corpus penis. The serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 111.1 ng/mL and therefore the patient underwent transperineal prostate biopsy. Pathology reported adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The subcutaneous nodular lesion on the penis was totally excised and removed. Immunohistochemical examination of the excised mass was carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) negative and PSA positive. Taking all these findings into consideration, the patient was diagnosed with prostate cancer that had metastasized to the penis. FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy regime in addition to bicalutamide and goserelin acetate was administered to the patient who also had metastatic colon cancer.
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PMID:Penile metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the prostate in a patient with colorectal carcinoma. 2148 65

A 67-year-old trout fisherman presented with a six-week history of polyuria, polydipsia, dyspnoea on exertion and the development of subcutaneous extensor surface skin nodules. He was hypercalcaemic with acute renal impairment. Parathyroid hormone was suppressed and vitamin D levels were within normal limits. The patient had a past history of hypothyroidism, but thyroid replacement was adequate. Hypoadrenalism, myeloma and metastatic malignancy were excluded. Biopsy of a subcutaneous nodule revealed dermally based non-caseating granulomata, consistent with sarcoidosis. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme was elevated, and computerized tomography scanning of the chest and abdomen revealed widespread lymphadenopathy with multiple lung nodules and splenomegaly. Prednisolone therapy produced rapid resolution of his skin lesions and normalization of his bone and renal biochemistry. The mechanism of hypercalcaemia in sarcoidosis is poorly understood but is thought to involve parathyroid hormone-independent 1-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D within sarcoid lesions. This process may be exacerbated by exposure to UV light and it is of interest that this patient developed symptoms after a period of intense trout fishing in the good weather of April and May 2007.
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PMID:A trout fisherman with hypercalcaemia and skin lesions. 2187 32

Approximately 35% of children with CKD who require renal replacement therapy have a significant urological abnormality, including posterior urethral valves, a neuropathic bladder, prune belly syndrome, Hinman syndrome, or severe vesicoureteral reflux. In such children, abnormal bladder function can have a significant deleterious effect on the renal function. In children with bladder outlet obstruction, bladder compliance and capacity often are abnormal, and a sustained intravesical pressure of >40 cm H(2)O impedes drainage from the upper urinary tract. Consequently, in these conditions, regular evaluation with renal sonography, urodynamics, urine culture, and serum chemistry needs to be performed. Pediatric urological care needs to be coordinated with pediatric nephrologists. Many boys with posterior urethral valves have severe polyuria, resulting in chronic bladder overdistension, which is termed as valve bladder. In addition to behavioral modification during the day, such patients may benefit from overnight continuous bladder drainage, which has been shown to reduce hydronephrosis and stabilize or improve renal function in most cases. In children with a neuropathic bladder, detrusor-sphincter-dyssynergia is the most likely cause for upper tract deterioration due to secondary vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, and recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Pharmacologic bladder management and frequent intermittent catheterization are necessary. In some cases, augmentation cystoplasty is recommended; however, this procedure has many long-term risks, including UTI, metabolic acidosis, bladder calculi, spontaneous perforation, and malignancy. Nearly half of children with prune belly syndrome require renal replacement therapy. Hinman syndrome is a rare condition with severe detrusor-sphincter discoordination that results in urinary incontinence, encopresis, poor bladder emptying, and UTI, often resulting in renal impairment. Children undergoing evaluation for renal transplantation need a thorough evaluation of the lower urinary tract, mostly including a voiding cystourethrogram and urodynamic studies.
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PMID:CKD and bladder problems in children. 2189 78

Many studies, both national and international, have shown that tea has protective effects on many chronic diseases and their risk factors. In cancer prevention, our studies indicated that tea drinking could inhibit the carcinogenicity of various chemical carcinogens, including oral tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in Golden hamsters, esophageal tumors in rats by blocking in vivo synthesis of N-Nitroso-methylbenzylamine (NMBzA), esophageal cancer induced by NMBzA in rats, precancerous liver lesions (r-GT and GST-P) induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in rats, intestinal preneoplastic lesion (ACF) and intestinal tumors induced by 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH) in rats, lung carcinoma induced by nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK) in A/J mice. Our studies have also shown that the protective effects of tea against cancer is a combined effects of various tea ingredients, among which the major ones are polyphenols and tea pigments. Based on animal studies, antioxidant properties, protection against DNA damage and modulation of immune functions were found to be the main mechanisms of anticancer effects of tea. In human trials, tea drinking showed protective effects against oxidative damage and DNA damage caused by cigarette smoking. Mixed tea drinking significantly blocked lesion progress in patients with oral mucosa leukoplakia, therefore, demonstrated its protective effects on oral cancer. Our studies have also shown effects of tea on prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). For example, tea pigments was found to significantly inhibit LDL oxidation induced by Cu2+, Fe2+ in in vitro studies. In vivo studies showed that tea could prevent blood coagulation, facilitate fibrinogen dissolution, inhibit platelet aggregation, lower endothelin levels, enhance GSH-Px activities, protect against oxidated LDL-induced damage in endothelium cells, and prevent atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. The mechanisms of these protective effects of tea are possibly related to its antioxidant properties or its inhibition of lipid oxidation. Green tea and pigments was also found to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy induced by renal hypertension in rat models, whose mechanisms might, at least partly, involve its modulation on nitric oxide, angiotensin II and endothelin-1. Clinical intervention trials have indicated that tea and tea extracts decreased blood lipid, improved blood flow of coronary artery, and played an important role in atherosis inhibition and prevention. Our studies also showed that tea drinking has protective effects on diabetes. White tea drinking could significantly relieve symptoms including polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and weight loss in diabetic mice, decrease fasting plasma glucose level and improve glucose tolerance. In human trial, continuous white tea drinking could significantly improve symptoms of diabetic patients, such as relieve polydipsia, decrease plasma glucose levels, both fasting and 2 hours after meal, and increase insulin secretion. The effective rate for glucose lowering is 48% in clinical study.
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PMID:[Studies on tea and health]. 2227 81

A 9-year-old Giant Schnauzer was referred for polyuria and polydipsia. On abdominal ultrasound, a hyperechoic mass with low color Doppler signal was detected in the medial right hepatic lobe. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) demonstrated increased enhancement of the mass during the arterial phase, and contrast washout during portal and late phases with decreased enhancement relative to the liver. These findings were consistent with primary liver malignancy or liver metastasis. A final diagnosis of cholangiocellular adenoma was made based on histopathology. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a benign hepatic neoplasm exhibiting malignant CEUS characteristics in a dog.
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PMID:Imaging diagnosis-cholangiocellular adenoma: contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings of a benign tumor mimicking malignant neoplasia in a dog. 2309

An 8-year-old 7.9 kg castrated male Shih-tzu dog was presented to surgery with polyuria-polydipsia, intermittent abdominal pain and dermatological problems. The unilateral enlargement of the right adrenal gland was observed through ultrasound examination and based on this examination a hyperadrenocorticism was suspected. Upon physical examination, regional erythema was observed in the skin. An abdominal CT scan showed a well-defined retroperitoneal mass. Adrenalectomy via a midline abdominal approach was performed as well as optional treatments upon the approval of the owners. The histopathological diagnosis was that of an adrenal hemangioma without evidence of malignancy. Adrenal hemangioma was incidentally found in this dog during histological examination and this finding was an extremely rare case of the primary hemangioma in the adrenal gland.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics and outcomes of primary adrenal hemangioma in a dog. 2370 63

Hypercalcemia is a common complication of malignancy and portends a worse prognosis. It causes a variety of symptoms in patients, which can range from confusion and polyuria to coma and death. There are 4 broad mechanistic categories to classify hypercalcemia of malignancy: local osteolysis secondary to metastatic cancer or multiple myeloma, excess parathyroid-related hormone, excess 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production, and ectopic parathyroid hormone production. Volume expansion with normal saline solution and treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates to decrease osteoclast-mediated bone destruction are effective initial therapies. Calcitonin, gallium nitrate, and corticosteroids can serve as adjunctive therapies. Denosumab is an attractive therapeutic option for refractory cases of hypercalcemia, although more data are required before this therapy can be recommended.
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PMID:Approach to diagnosis and treatment of hypercalcemia in a patient with malignancy. 2402 7

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by hypotonic polyuria greater than 3 liters/24 hours in adults and persisting even during water deprivation. It is mostly due to a defect in arginin-vasopressin (AVP) synthesis (central DI); other causes are: AVP resistance (nephrogenic DI), abnormal thirst regulation (primary polydipsia) or early destruction of AVP by placental enzymes (gestational DI). A thorough medical history is warranted to investigate nocturnal persistence of polyuria (night waking being a good sign of its organic nature) to specify the onset and duration of the trouble, the medication use and the potential hereditary nature of the disorder. The next step is based on weight and blood pressure measurements and especially the quantification of beverages and diuresis over a 24-hour cycle. Assessment of signs of dehydration, bladder distention, pituitary hormone hyper- or hyposecretion, tumor chiasmatic syndrome, granulomatosis and cancer is required. The diagnosis is based on biological assessment, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and results of a desmopressin test. In severe forms of DI, urine osmolality remains below 250 mOsmol/kg and serum sodium greater than 145 mmol/L. In partial forms of DI (urine osmolality between 250 and 750), the water deprivation test demonstrating the incapacity to obtain a maximal urine concentration is valuable, together with vasopressin or copeptin measurement. The pituitary MRI is done to investigate the lack of spontaneous hyperintensity signal in the posterior pituitary, which marks the absence of AVP and supports the diagnosis of central DI rather than primary polydipsia (although not absolute); it can also recognize lesions of the pituitary gland or pituitary stalk. Acquired central DI of sudden onset should suggest a craniopharyngioma or germinoma if it occurs before the age of 30 years, and metastasis after the age of 50 years. Fifteen to 20% of head trauma lead to hypopituitarism, including DI in 2% of cases. Transient or permanent DI is present in 8-9% of endoscopic transphenoidal surgeries. Current advances in DI concern the etiological work-up, with in particular the identification of IgG4-related hypophysitis or many genetic abnormalities, opening the field of targeted therapies in the years to come.
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PMID:Diabetes insipidus. 2428 5


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