Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032463 (polycythemia vera)
 3,374 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that changes in right ventricular pressure (PRV) are responsible in part for the altered breathing frequency (f) during pulmonary gas embolism (PGE). PGE was induced by infusing air into the femoral vein of alpha-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Respiratory flow pattern was recorded and analyzed in relation to PRV changes induced resulting from PGE. The rise of PRV, whether induced by PGE, by pulmonary artery occlusion, or by acute elevation of pulmonary arterial blood flow, was consistently associated with increased f. Breathing frequency rose principally through reduction of expiratory duration (TE). The inspiratory duration (TI) was shortened somewhat and the fractional inspiratory cycle, TI/(TE + TI), increased. The relationships between PRV and f were altered by changes of PRV resulting from the administration of histamine antagonist, by beta-adrenergic blockade, beta-adrenergic stimulation, and by changing pulmonary arterial blood flow. The responses did not occur after bilateral cervical vagotomy. These results demonstrate that f during PGE is partially regulated in response to changes in PRV and is mediated through the vagal afferent.
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PMID:Right ventricular pressure and ventilatory responses to pulmonary gas embolism. 197 38

The results of genetic engineering have reached practical veterinary medicine already. Nevertheless there is a great lack of knowledge among those veterinarians who usually do not work with these methods. Therefore we want to give an introduction into the advantages and dangers of this technology concerning veterinary medicine. Some important analytical methods are explained. Related viruses such as WEE and EEE or canine parvovirus, feline parvovirus and mink enteritis virus, or the related coronaviruses FIPV and TGEV serve as examples for the possibilities in molecular diagnosis and epidemic monitoring. The history of the gl- mutants of PRV, now prescribed as vaccine strains in the FRG, is an example of the development of genetic engineered vaccines. A new generation of vaccines based on recombinant vaccinia viruses is imminent. Thus we have to be aware of the high risks and responsibility of everybody who is involved in these new systems, especially the scientist who produces genetically altered organisms.
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PMID:[The use of genetic engineering in veterinary medicine with examples from epidemiology, diagnosis and drug production]. 211 73

Uptake, replication, and transneuronal passage of a swine neurotropic herpesvirus (pseudorabies virus, PRV) was evaluated in the rat CNS. PRV was localized in neural circuits innervating the tongue, stomach, esophagus and eye with light microscopic immunohistochemistry. In each instance, the distribution of PRV-immunoreactive neurons was entirely consistent with that observed following injection of cholera toxin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (CT-HRP). Injections of the tongue resulted in retrograde transport of PRV and CT-HRP to hypoglossal motor neurons, while preganglionic neurons in the dorsal motor vagal nucleus or somatic motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus were labeled following injections of the stomach or esophagus, respectively. At longer times after infection, viral antigens were found in astrocytes adjacent to infected neurons and their efferent axons and second-order neuron labeling became apparent. The distribution of second-order neurons was also entirely dependent upon the site of PRV injection. Following tongue injection, second-order neurons were observed in the trigeminal complex, the brain-stem tegmentum and in monoaminergic cell groups. Injection of the stomach or esophagus led to second-order neuron labeling confined to distinct subdivisions of the neucleus of the solitary tract and monoaminergic cell groups. Comparative quantitative analysis of the number of PRV immunoreactive neurons present in the diencephalon and brain stem following injection of virus into both the eye and stomach musculature of the same animal demonstrated that retrograde transport of PRV from the viscera was more efficient and occurred at a much faster rate than anterograde transport of virus. These data demonstrate projection-specific transport of PRV in the nervous system and provide further insight into the means through which this neurotropic virus infects the nervous system.
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PMID:Neurotropic properties of pseudorabies virus: uptake and transneuronal passage in the rat central nervous system. 216 88

Herpesvirus suis (pseudorabies virus, PRV) has been the focus of intensive genetic engineering efforts and several effective genetically recombinant modified live virus PRV vaccines have resulted. The likelihood and consequences of complementation and/or genetic recombination in vivo between genetically engineered and conventionally derived vaccine strains of PRV are essentially unknown. In this study, two vaccine strains of PRV with complementary gene deletions were co-inoculated into sheep. It reports that avirulent vaccine strains of PRV (genetically engineered and conventionally attenuated) recombined in vivo, resulting in the production of a new and undesirable strain of PRV. The present study exemplifies the need for thorough assessment of genetically engineered micro-organisms in the animal environment.
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PMID:Recombination in vivo of pseudorabies vaccine strains to produce new virus strains. 216 77

The genomic position of an equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) gene homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) gC gene was determined by Southern analysis and DNA sequencing. The gene lies within a 2-kbp Bg/II-EcoRI fragment mapping between 0.15 and 0.17 within the long unique component of the EHV-4 genome and is transcribed from right to left. Putative promoter elements were identified upstream of the 1455-bp open reading frame which encodes a 485-amino-acid protein of unglycosylated molecular weight 52,513. Computer-assisted analysis of the primary sequence predicts the protein possesses a domain structure characteristic of a type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein. Four domains were distinguished--(i) an N-terminal signal sequence, (ii) a large extracellular domain containing 11 putative N-linked glycosylation sites, (iii) a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and (iv) a C-terminal charged domain. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence to that of other herpesvirus glycoproteins indicated identities of between 22 and 29% with HSV-1 gC, HSV-2 gC, VZV gpV, PRV gIII, BHV-1 gIII, and MDV A antigen and of 79% with EHV-1 gp13. A gene with no apparent homologue in HSV-1 or VZV maps immediately downstream of the EHV-4 gC gene homologue.
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PMID:The nucleotide sequence of the equine herpesvirus 4 gC gene homologue. 217 Dec 12

A gene-deleted pseudorabies (PR) (Aujeszky's disease) vaccine, named OMNIVAC-PRV, was licensed by the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) on January 16, 1986, the first recombinant DNA-derived modified-live virus vaccine to be licensed for manufacture and sale anywhere in the world. Two months later, a second generation gene-deleted 'marker' vaccine, OMNIMARK-PRV, was described. Surprisingly, these landmark applications of genetic engineering to vaccine development triggered a brouhaha and a lawsuit (ultimately dismissed by Federal District Court Judge Thomas Hogan) as well as a Congressional Hearing on the adequacy of USDA regulatory procedures for the licensing of supposedly 'dangerous' recombinant DNA-derived products. Thus, its is rather gratifying that only 4 years later, a consensus of government, industry, veterinarians and the scientific community has developed, affirming that the recombinant DNA-derived vaccines were in fact a major breakthrough for pseudorabies (PR) control and eradication, and that without the advantages of gene-deleted vaccines, plans for PR eradication would not be practical.
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PMID:Genetically engineered vaccines for control of Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies). 217 94

Intravenous infusion of HCl has been shown to elicit the release of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) which alters blood pressure and breathing independent of reductions in circulating blood pH. The present experiments were designed to determine if the release of serotonin (5-HT) in the anesthetized cat contributed to cardiorespiratory responses during acid infusion and, furthermore to define the source of TxA2, viz. blood or other tissues. To infuse HCl into the bloodstream without reducing circulating blood pH (= neutral acid-base infusion), an extracorporeal arteriovenous shunt (20 ml/min) between the femoral artery and femoral vein was installed. Into this loop, acid (0.25 M HCl), and approximately 10 cm downstream, base (0.25 M NaOH) could be infused whereby blood pH could be locally reduced in the blood within the loop. This procedure was performed in three groups of cats: one group which received no drugs, a second group that was pretreated with indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg) and a third group that received the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin (0.75 mg/kg), prior to the infusion. During neutral acid-base infusion in the nontreated animals, right ventricular blood pressure (PRV) increased and systemic arterial blood pressure (Pa) decreased. Respiratory frequency was increased, but total ventilation was not elevated because of a concomitant fall in tidal volume (VT). The response was transient and could not be evoked with repetitive infusions of HCl and NaOH. These responses were significantly attenuated in the indomethacin-treated animals, but persisted in the cats pretreated with ketanserin. In addition, TxB2, the stable degradation metabolite of TxA2, was elevated during the acid/base infusion, but there were no measurable changes in plasma 5-HT concentration. The source of TxA2 was likely to be the blood since TxB2 was increased in plasma when acid and base were added to blood in vitro. We conclude from these experiments that transient cardiorespiratory responses to HCl infusion are mediated by the release of TxA2 from the blood and do not involve serotonin.
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PMID:Cardiopulmonary responses to HCl infusion are mediated by thromboxane A2 but not by serotonin. 221 1

The 3374 nucleotide sequence of RNA2 from the British PEBV strain SP5 has been determined. The RNA includes three open reading frames flanked by 5' and 3' noncoding regions of 509 and 480 nucleotides. The open reading frames specify coat protein, a 29.6K product homologous to the 29.1K product of TRV(TCM) RNA2 and a 23K product not homologous to any previously described protein. The homology demonstrated between the coat proteins of PRV, TRV and PEBV indicates a common evolutionary origin for these proteins. Upstream of each ORF are located sequences homologous to those with which subgenomic RNAs of other tobraviruses start. Subgenomic RNAs for the expression of the three ORFs may start at these points. On all five tobraviral RNA2 molecules sequenced to date, these sequences were found upstream of the coat protein ORF in association with a strongly-conserved potential secondary structural element. Similar potential structures were identified upstream of other tobraviral ORFs. These structures may contribute to the activity of the tobraviral subgenomic promoter.
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PMID:The complete nucleotide sequence of PEBV RNA2 reveals the presence of a novel open reading frame and provides insights into the structure of tobraviral subgenomic promoters. 238 30

Between January 1, 1975, and December 31, 1988, 233 patients were operated on for correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Mean follow-up was 13.9 years (median 7.65 years) and was 99.6% complete. Actuarial survival was 84 +/- 3%. The risk of death decreased gradually to a constant rate of 0.00034 deaths/month by the 6th postoperative month. There were 22 early deaths, due mostly to Low Output Syndrome. The principal incremental risk factor was the postrepair ventricular pressure ratio (PRV/LV) (P less than 0.0001). Other factors were: patent ductus arteriosus (PDA; P = 0.02), other associated anomalies (P = 0.005), higher preoperative hemoglobin levels (P = 0.06) and use of transannular patches (P = 0.02). The operative risk was significantly reduced by a recent operative date (P = 0.01) and by an older age at operation (P = 0.12). Among 8 late deaths, 2 were unrelated to the cardiac condition, 2 occurred suddenly, 3 were due to congestive heart failure and the last was due to reoperation for patch endocarditis. The risk of late death was significantly higher in patients operated on at an older age (P = 0.04). There were 10 open heart reoperations: 5 for patch dehiscence, 4 for residual pulmonary stenosis and 1 for residual atrial septal defect. The reoperation-free actuarial survival was 82 +/- 3%. With the present operative standards, the parametric operative risk of an average patient with simple TOF (hemoglobin = 12 g, PRV/LV = 0.5) is 0.7%. Where the TOF is severely cyanotic (hemoglobin = 25 g) and the pulmonary arteries are severely restricted, the average mortality is 30%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Early and late results after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. 239 29

From 1970 to 1986, 43 patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD) were diagnosed in our hospital. 19 children had a collateral lung perfusion via a ductus botalli (DB), three children had a DB and systemico-pulmonary collateral arteries (SPCA), and 21 children had only SPCA. Patients with a DB alone had significantly larger pulmonary arteries. Children with SPCA always had hypoplastic pulmonary arteries and intrapulmonary arborization anomalies and in a high percentage (19 patients) they showed intrapulmonary stenoses. 26 palliative operations were performed in 24 children. After palliative operations in 15 cases (patients with DB: RVOT-Patch: one patient, aortopulmonary shunt: three patients, Brock procedure: one patient, patients with SPCA: RVOT-Patch: five patients, aortopulmonary shunt: four patients, Brock procedure: one patient) we checked the possibility of corrective surgery with the equation of Alfieri. According to this equation, corrective surgery without excessive right ventricular pressure would have been possible in all post-operatively catheterized patients with DB after primary palliative operations but, due to the pulmonary artery anomalies, only in seven out of nine patients with SPCA (one patient of the latter group was operated twice, Brock procedure and RVOT-Patch). In four cases we could prove the value of the Alfieri equation after corrective operations. There was an excellent correlation between the predicted relation of PRV/PLV and the actually measured pressures. In our opinion, the Alfieri equation forms a valuable aid in the preoperative assessment of children with PA-VSD.
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PMID:[Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: the significance of collateral lung perfusion for the prognosis of corrective operations]. 244 96


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