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Query: UMLS:C0032463 (polycythemia vera)
 3,374 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Separate solutions of 0.015% benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride and 0.01% phenylhydrazine hydrochloride were given continuously in the drinking water of 6- and 5-week-old randomly bred Swiss mice for the remainder of their life. The consumption of benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride significantly increased the lung tumor incidence from 21 to 42% in the females, while in phenylhydrazine hydrochloride-treated mice, the incidence of blood vessel tumors rose significanly from 5 to 22% in females and from 6 to 20% in males, as compared with the controls. Histopathologically, the tumors were classified as adenomas and adenocarcinomas of lungs and angiomas and angiosarcomas of blood vessels. The study thus proves for the first time the tumorigenicity of benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride. It also confirms the tumor inducing ability of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, which is used in medicine for treatment of polycythemia vera.
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PMID:Tumorigenic effects of chronic administration of benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in Swiss mice. 13 72

Stillbirths, mummies, abortions, and early embryonic death have a substantial impact on the profitability of a farm in both endemic and epidemic conditions. Fetal death is highly dependent on stage of gestation. Implantation occurs around day 14 postmating in sows, and fetal death of an entire litter at this time usually results in a regular return to service. If more than four embryos remain alive, the sow may go on to farrow normally. If fetal death occurs after implantation but before calcification (around 35 days gestation), the sow will either return to estrus at an irregular interval or will farrow a normal litter of reduced size. Although fetuses are normally resorbed prior to calcification, fetal death after that stage of development leads to mummification. Abortions are more directly related to maternal control of pregnancy than fetal failure. Stillbirths are those pigs that appear normal at birth but have lungs that do not float in water. Causes of fetal death can be divided into infectious and noninfectious categories. Infectious causes perhaps are overemphasized but are certainly important in epidemic situations. Some infectious causes of fetal death are primarily systemic maternal pathogens, whereas others may attack the fetus and/or placenta, directly such as PPV, PEV, PRV, SIRS virus, and Leptospira sp. Several other infectious agents have been associated with fetal death. Noninfectious causes of stillborns, mummies, abortions, and early embryonic death are most common in endemic situations. Most stillbirths are due to difficulty at or around parturition, primarily extended duration causing fetal anoxia. Environmental factors such as increased ambient temperature and seasonal infertility affect death rates, as do specific individual sow characteristics, nutritional factors, and toxicities. The causes of stillborns, mummies, abortions, and early embryonic death are often difficult to ascertain, but the potential rewards make investigation efforts worthwhile.
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PMID:Stillbirths, mummies, abortions, and early embryonic death. 144 74

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has value in characterizing normal and abnormal bone marrow because of its ability to distinguish fat from other tissues. Due to this advantage, hematologic disorders resulting in alterations of the normal cellular and fatty marrow distribution can be appreciated. In this article, the role of MRI in diffuse hematologic disorders is emphasized. At birth, almost all marrow is cellular, but by age 25, cellular marrow is restricted to the axial skeleton and proximal femoral and humeral metaphysis. The remainder is fatty, consisting of 80% fat, 15% water, and 5% protein. With increased need for hematopoiesis, reconversion from fatty to cellular marrow occurs in many diffuse disease states. Diffuse diseases that affect bone marrow production are divided into four categories representing conditions that affect the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. These include stem cell failure resulting in aplastic anemia, uncontrolled stem cell proliferation as exemplified by polycythemia vera, stem cell dysplasia such as sickle cell anemia, and malignant transformations or replacement. The MRI appearance of these disorders is discussed in this article. The use of spin-echo (SE) sequences is the most common approach to bone marrow imaging. With T1-weighted SE images, fatty marrow will appear bright and cellular marrow, with lower fat content, will exhibit a lower density signal. With T2-weighted SE pulse sequences, contrast between fatty marrow and cellular marrow decreases. Contrast between fatty and cellular marrow is enhanced with chemical shift imaging, including Dixon out-of-phase imaging, as emphasized in this article. MRI presents a more global view of the bone marrow than biopsy material and should provide a better understanding of diffuse hematologic disease progression and resolution.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow: diagnostic value in diffuse hematologic disorders. 220 May

In this paper the current knowledge on water-induced pruritus is reviewed. To the present, three forms, namely aquagenic pruritus (AP), aquagenic pruritus of the elderly (APE) and water-related itching in polycythemia rubra vera (PRV), have been recognized. Despite clinical similarities it appears that the pathophysiology is different in the three forms. The currently most effective treatment for AP is addition of sodium bicarbonate to the water, control of xerosis with emollients for APE and aspirin for water-induced itching in PRV.
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PMID:Water-induced itching. 224 90

The clinical characteristics of aquagenic pruritus (AP) based on a series of thirty-six patients are presented. AP is characterized by the development of severe, prickling-like skin discomfort that is without observable skin lesions and that is evoked by contact with water at any temperature. Other causes of pruritus associated with water contact must be excluded. In the thirty-six patients, skin discomfort developed within minutes of water contact in approximately half. In others, discomfort began 2 to 15 minutes after water exposure had ceased. The pruritus was usually generalized, lasting from 10 to 120 minutes (average, 40.6 minutes), and in 55% was associated with symptoms of acute emotional liability. There was no increased prevalence of atopy. Thirty-three percent reported a family history of water-related itching. Of fourteen patients treated with ultraviolet B phototherapy, eight (57%) noted significant relief. Of thirty-four patients, sixteen (47%) noted partial relief with oral antihistamine therapy. Patients with polycythemia rubra vera (PRV) may present with symptoms similar to those of AP, and all patients with symptoms consistent with AP should be investigated for the presence of PRV.
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PMID:Aquagenic pruritus. 241 68

Four patients with aquagenic pruritus (AP), one patient with polycythemia rubra vera, one patient with cold urticaria, and three normal control volunteers were studied to better understand the pathophysiology of water-induced itching. Punch biopsy specimens were taken before and after water contact; the specimens were immediately frozen, sectioned, and stained histochemically for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. This was localized in the nerve fibers surrounding eccrine sweat glands and was quantified by microspectrophotometry. In AP and polycythemia rubra vera after water exposure a significantly increased AChE activity suggesting acetylcholine release was observed, whereas in the patient with cold urticaria and the controls, a significant decrease was noted. Two related patients with AP had an inherited abnormality of serum cholinesterase, which, however, had no obvious correlation with their particular disease. The proof of AChE activation might support the clinical diagnosis and indicate a hypothetical involvement of eccrine sweat glands in the pathogenesis of AP.
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PMID:Aquagenic pruritus. Water-induced activation of acetylcholinesterase. 333 47

We studied blood histamine activity (HA) and cutaneous fibrinolytic activity (CFA) in a patient with polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) and water-induced pruritus, before and after water exposure. The results suggest that the water-induced itching in PRV is associated with an increase in HA. In addition, markedly increased levels of CFA were found both before and after water exposure. These findings have been previously reported in patients with aquagenic pruritus (AP) but not in patients with PRV. As the water-induced itching in PRV and AP share many common features, these findings suggest that the pathophysiology of the water-induced pruritus in these two conditions may be similar.
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PMID:Polycythaemia rubra vera and water-induced pruritus: blood histamine levels and cutaneous fibrinolytic activity before and after water challenge. 356 71

The mechanism of water-induced pruritus in patients with polycythemia vera is unknown. Evidence has been presented previously that bathing or showering may trigger mast cell degranulation and that release of a mediator by mast cells may be responsible for the pruritus. Tryptase is a specific marker of human mast cell secretory granules and its presence in body fluids indicates mast cell degranulation. In this study, serum tryptase levels were measured both before and one hour after showering in 11 patients suffering from polycythemia vera and water-induced pruritus. Tryptase was not found in the serum of any of the subjects one hour after showering, when levels would be expected to be near peak had significant mast cell degranulation occurred. These results argue against mass cell degranulation with systemic release of a mast cell product as the mechanism for water-induced pruritus in patients with polycythemia vera.
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PMID:Polycythemia vera and water-induced pruritus: evidence against mast cell involvement. 816 24

A female patient was presented because of a prickling sensation that appeared shortly after warm water contact. Examination revealed no abnormality, but water exposure was followed by pruritus without any visible skin changes. Blood and bone marrow examinations revealed abnormalities typical of polycythemia vera. Skin biopsy before and after warm water challenge showed increased numbers of mononuclear cells in the papillary dermis and epidermis particularly after water exposure. Phlebotomy was associated with prompt cessation of pruritus.
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PMID:Aquagenic pruritus as a presenting symptom of polycythemia vera. 835 2

The GH-IGF axis has been recently suggested to modulate blood rheology in trained athletes, via GH effects on body water status and a possible action of IGF-I on erythrocyte deformability and aggregability. Another potential candidate for such a rheologic effect of the GH-IGF axis is insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGF-BP1) which is increased in trained people and correlated to fitness: IGF-BP1 is elevated in patients with polycythemia vera and stimulates erythroid burst formation in vitro. We investigated the statistical relationships between IGF-BP1 and blood rheology in athletes. 21 soccer players, age 24.5+/-1.13 yr; body mass index 23.7+/-0.38 kg/m(2); VO2max 44.8+/-7 ml.min(-1).kg(-1)). The major statistical determinant of IGFBP1 (measured at rest after overnight fast) was age (r=0.752, p=0.00013) which was not correlated with rheological parameters. IGF BP1 was negatively correlated with blood viscosity eta (high shear rate r=-0.516, p=0.024) and positively correlated with the percentage of extracellular water in total body water (ECW/TBW) (r=0.488, p=0.039). The previously reported correlations between IGF-I and both eta (r=0.637, p=0.003) and red cell rigidity "Tk" (r=0.696, p=0.0137) were observed, but IGF-I and IGF-BP1 were not correlated to each other (r=-0.176 ns) and their correlations with eta and Tk appeared to be independent when studied by multivariate analysis. Consistent with these correlations, subjects in the upper tertile of IGF-BP1 (>23.4 ng/ml) compared to those in the lower (<7.5 ng/ml) had a higher percentage of ECW/TBW (40.8+/-0.4 vs 38+/-0.8%, p=0.033), a lower eta (2.7+/-0.05 vs 2.97+/-0.06 mPa.s, p=0.016), and a lower Tk (0.54+/-0.05 vs 0.63+/-0.01, p=0.027). Thus, beside GH and IGF-I, IGF-BP1, which is reported to act on erythroid progenitors, exhibits statistical relationships with blood fluidity and erythrocyte flexibility that may suggest a physiological role in improving blood rheology.
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PMID:Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 and blood rheology in athletes. 1208 53


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