Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032463 (polycythemia vera)
 3,374 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retrograde tract tracing studies have indicated that dorsal root ganglion cells from T8 to L2 innervate the rat's left kidney. Electrophysiology studies have indicated that putative second-order sympathetic afferents are found in the dorsal horn at spinal segments T10 to L1 in laminae V-VII. Here, the spread of pseudorabies virus through renal sensory pathways was examined following 2-5 days post-infection (PI) and the virus was located immunocytochemically using a rabbit polyclonal antibody. Two days PI, dorsal root ganglion neurons (first-order sympathetic afferents) were infected with PRV. An average of 1.2, 0.8, 2.1 and 4.4% of the infected dorsal root ganglion neurons were contralateral to the injected kidney at spinal segments T10, T11, T12 and T13, respectively. Four days PI, infected neurons were detected within laminae I and II of the dorsal horn of the caudal thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord segments. The labeling patterns in the spinal cord are consistent with previous work indicating the location of renal sympathetic sensory pathways. The nodose ganglia were labeled starting 4 days PI, suggesting the involvement of parasympathetic sensory pathways. Five days PI, infected neurons were found in the nucleus tractus solitarius. In the present study, it was unclear whether the infected neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius are part of sympathetic or parasympathetic afferent pathways or represent a convergence of sensory information. Renal denervation prevented the spread of the virus into the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. Sectioning the dorsal roots from T10-L3 blocked viral spread into the spinal cord dorsal horn, but did not prevent infection of neurons in dorsal root ganglion nor did it prevent infection of putative preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column. The present results indicated that renal afferent pathways can be identified after pseudorabies virus infection of the kidney. Our results suggest that renal afferents travel in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and that this information may converge at the NTS.
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PMID:The renal afferent pathways in the rat: a pseudorabies virus study. 981 44

The organization of spinal motor circuitry to the kidney is not well-characterized and changes in renal innervation have been associated with disease states such as hypertension found in the spontaneously hypertensive rat or renal hypertension. Here, we describe the segmental and intra-segmental organization of the spinal motor circuitry that was resolved after neurotropic viral injection into the kidney and retrograde transneuronal transport to the spinal cord. In the first experiment, the serial reconstruction of infected neurons in the thoracolumbar spinal cord from T8-L1 was performed following injection of pseudorabies virus (PRV, Bartha strain) into either the cranial pole, the caudal pole or both the cranial and caudal poles of the left kidney in male rats. In the second experiment, rats received injections of two different PRV strains that were genetically engineered to express unique reporter molecules; one of the engineered strains was injected into the cranial pole and the other was injected into the caudal pole. Either 3- or 4-day post-infection, the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed by transcardial perfusion. PRV-infected neurons were located by immunocytochemistry against either PRV itself (experiment 1) or the unique marker proteins (experiment 2). After injection of both poles of the kidney, the majority of the infected neurons were found in the ipsilateral intermediolateral cell column (IML) from T10 to T12 with the mode at T11. Infected neurons were found in discrete neuron clusters in the intermediolateral cell column along the longitudinal axis in a repeating pattern of high and low density that has been called "beading". Three observations indicated a topographic distribution of renal sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN). First, after injection into either the cranial or caudal poles of the kidney, the mode of infected cells was located in segments T11 and T12, respectively. The one spinal segment shift in the mode suggested a topographic distribution. Second, in spinal segments T8-L1, comparison of the distributions of the neurons innervating each pole of the left kidney revealed an overlap in the distribution, except in the T11 segment. In the T11 segment, the neurons projecting to each pole tended to segregate into separate populations. Third, in rats that received injections of two PRV strains that were genetically engineered to express unique markers into opposite poles of the kidney, a segregation of neurons projecting to the cranial and caudal poles of the kidney was noted again in the T11 spinal segment and the segregation at adjacent spinal levels was obvious. The analysis of the distribution of infected neurons within each spinal cord segment (intra-segmental distribution) revealed three different patterns along the cranial-caudal dimension. In segments T8-T10, >60% of the infected neurons were located in the caudal half of the spinal segment. In segments T12-L1, >60% of the infected neurons were located in the cranial half of the spinal segment. In segment T11, the neurons were more evenly distributed throughout the segment. These intra-segmental distribution patterns were found after both 3- or 4-day survival periods post-infection and were found in most animals. The distribution of clusters of neurons revealed a similar intra-segmental pattern. Thus, as was described previously for the sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate the kidney, the present work indicates a topographic organization in the second-order neurons in the renal sympathetic efferent pathway. The physiological significance of this anatomical organization remains to be determined.
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PMID:Distribution of sympathetic preganglionic neurons innervating the kidney in the rat: PRV transneuronal tracing and serial reconstruction. 1187 86

A 40-year-old Xhosa male presented with progressive upper lumbar back pain and weakness At examination he was emaciated and had enlarged lymph nodes in the groin and axilla. Both lower limbs were severely atrophic and weak. Sensation to touch and pain was decreased below L3 bilaterally. MR of the spine showed a discrete, contrast-enhancing epidural mass. A T10-T12 laminectomy revealed an soft, vascular extradural tumor dorsal to the cord. The mass was loosely applied to the dura and easy to remove. The operative specimen consisted of a sausage-shaped (3.5 x 2.0 x 1.2 cm), thinly-encapsulated mass of reddish-brown tissue. The cut surface had a mottled, vaguely nodular, yellowish-brown appearance. Microscopic examination revealed sheets of hematopoeitic elements, including myeloid, red cell and megakaryocytic lines, the latter showing Factor 8-related positivity. The final diagnosis was extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). A bone marrow biopsy performed as a result of the diagnosis showed a myeloproliferative disease and polycythemia vera. EMH in the spinal epidural space is a rare but treatable cause of progressive paraparesis in patients with a variety of hematological disorders. Since 1956 there have been more than 50 reported cases, most of which occurred in association with thalassaemia. In spinal cord compression secondary to EMH, the lesions are commonly localized to the mid-lower thoracic region.
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PMID:October 2001: 40-year-old Xhosa male with back pain and leg weakness. 1195 81