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Query: UMLS:C0032290 (aspiration pneumonia)
 2,291 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Companion animal exposures to volatile hydrocarbons and turpentine accounted for 2% of all calls received by the IAPIC in 1987. Volatile hydrocarbons are also used as vehicle solvents (e.g., pesticides), and both vehicle and active ingredients pose a significant hazard to companion animals. The most significant clinical effects of the hydrocarbons are related to aspiration pneumonia. The likelihood of aspiration is generally related to the compound's viscosity, with more volatile and most widely available compounds posing the greatest risk. Treatment generally is conservative. Gastrointestinal decontamination methods (e.g., emetics and activated charcoal administration) are used only in massive ingestions or when other toxicants are present in conjunction with the hydrocarbons. Oxygen therapy and cage rest are recommended for the dyspneic animal. Close monitoring of an exposed animal and symptomatic care as needed are also recommended for at least 12 hours after exposure.
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PMID:Toxicology of selected pesticides, drugs, and chemicals. Petroleum distillates and turpentine. 218 Jan 92

An intrapulmonary percussive ventilator (IPV) improves airway clearance and lung function, and is useful for wide variety of respiratory disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aspiration pneumonia, and neuromuscular diseases. However, there are few reports on IPV use in patients with severe neurological impairment, scoliosis and thoracic deformity. They have poor mobility of the rib cage and difficulty in sputum expectoration. The use of IPV significantly improved persistent consolidation shown by chest computed tomography (CT) in one of such patients. The patient was a 33-year-old woman with severe spastic quadriplegia and tracheostomy and she was dependent on mechanical ventilation because of chronic restrictive respiratory failure. After fever and mild hypoxemia for one day, chest CT revealed consolidation of the left lower lobe. An IPV-I ventilator was used for 15 min once a week, with a stroke frequency of 250-300 cycles/min and pressure of 22 PSI. Mechanical ventilation was withheld during the IPV therapy. Chest physiotherapy was also done. According to the worsening of the consolidation on chest CT, the frequency of IPV was changed to once a day at day 23 and then to twice a day. Chest CT at day 44 showed further improvement. In patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities, it is sometimes difficult to control progressive deterioration of pulmonary function and persistent atelectasis even with tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, and conventional physiotherapy. Our results indicate that IPV may improve respiratory functio and the quality of life in such patients.
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PMID:[Effect of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in a severely disabled patient with persistent pulmonary consolidation]. 1602

To avoid the complication of aspiration pneumonia, we attempted a new anterior approach of extrapleural pneumonectomy combined with thoracoplasty in four patients with chronic empyema, a bronchopleural fi stula, and severely destroyed lung. The thoracic cage was exposed by an L-shaped parasternal incision making a muscle-skin flap of the anterior chest. The anterior portions of ribs were removed at fi rst, and exfoliation was started in the mediastinal area. After detaching the lung from the mediastinum, an extrapleural pneumonectomy was completed. The backside ribs were then resected by way of the thoracic cavity. The muscle-skin flap was sutured to close the thoracic cavity completely. The procedure was tolerable for three cases. One patient died from accidental rupture of the descending aorta owing to atherosclerotic degeneration. Of the three successful outcomes, recurrence was observed in one case, although it was recurrence of malignant lymphoma associated with chronic empyema.
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PMID:Surgical treatment for chronic lung and thoracic cavity infection. 1921 51

(1) Background: Dysphagia is a clinical hallmark and part of the current American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) diagnostic criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). However, the data on dysphagia in IIM are heterogenous and partly conflicting. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on epidemiology, pathophysiology, outcome and therapy and a meta-analysis on the prevalence of dysphagia in IIM. (2) Methods: Medline was systematically searched for all relevant articles. A random effect model was chosen to estimate the pooled prevalence of dysphagia in the overall cohort of patients with IIM and in different subgroups. (3) Results: 234 studies were included in the review and 116 (10,382 subjects) in the meta-analysis. Dysphagia can occur as initial or sole symptom. The overall pooled prevalence estimate in IIM was 36% and with 56% particularly high in inclusion body myositis. The prevalence estimate was significantly higher in patients with cancer-associated myositis and with NXP2 autoantibodies. Dysphagia is caused by inflammatory involvement of the swallowing muscles, which can lead to reduced pharyngeal contractility, cricopharyngeal dysfunction, reduced laryngeal elevation and hypomotility of the esophagus. Swallowing disorders not only impair the quality of life but can lead to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia, thus increasing mortality. Beneficial treatment approaches reported include immunomodulatory therapy, the treatment of associated malignant diseases or interventional procedures targeting the cricopharyngeal muscle such as myotomy, dilatation or botulinum toxin injections. (4) Conclusion: Dysphagia should be included as a therapeutic target, especially in the outlined high-risk groups.
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PMID:The Impact of Dysphagia in Myositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 3265 Apr