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Query: UMLS:C0032290 (aspiration pneumonia)
 2,291 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over 30% of persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) suffer from swallowing symptoms, a higher rate than previously assumed. Neurogenic dysphagia (ND) may cause many different kinds of oropharyngeal sensorimotor dysfunctions in pwMS, and is associated with both the amount of disability and brainstem signs. About 15% of pwMS with mild disability may also suffer from ND. Diagnostic tools comprise history taking, bedside screening examination (50 ml water test combined with assessment of pharyngeal sensation or with pulse oximetry) and sometimes a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). VFSS and FEES are complementary methods and both have advantages and disadvantages. Interventions for ND in pwMS are mainly based on functional swallowing therapy, including methods of restitution, compensation and adaptation. The aim of intervention is to prevent aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. Outcome assessment should focus on clinically relevant parameters, such as activity limitation, participation restriction and health-related quality of life.
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PMID:Dysphagia and multiple sclerosis. 1512 13

An autopsy case of deferred death from drowning is reported. A 63-year-old man was found dead wearing wet clothing in his bed at home. At a medico-legal autopsy, mud was observed in the air passages as well as in the stomach, and a total of 210 g pleural effusion was also noted in the thoracic cavity (left 70 g, right 140 g). The left and right lungs were expanded and weighed 800 g and 950 g, respectively. Histological examination revealed the pathological finding of pneumonia with the exudation of numerous leucocytes into the alveoli as well as some postmortem changes. Diatoms were detected in the liver and both lungs by the disorganization method. In addition, scene investigation disclosed that he had fallen into a ditch in front of his house and had inhaled muddy water in the ditch, and had then managed to reach his bed and survive for a while, but dying eventually from aspiration pneumonia as a result of inhalation of exogenous water. The cause of his death was, therefore, given as deferred death from drowning rather than aspiration pneumonia.
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PMID:A case of deferred death from drowning of a man found dead in bed at home. 1533 18

We have been using the Groningen voice prosthesis as a method of voice restoration after total laryngectomy for approximately five years. During this period, the Groningen voice prosthesis has been used in 19 patients and a total of 125 unit replacements have been performed. No serious complications have occurred to date. Upon examination of the voice restoration results, exchange frequency, and complications, we noted that 15 out of 19 patients (78.9%) were able to maintain a good voice quality, including cases with long-term observation periods. Voice restoration was difficult in the remaining 4 cases. The overall mean exchange period was 4.5 months, with 2.5 months being the shortest exchange interval in cases without complications. The mean exchange period for cases without complications was 6.1 months. No serious complications, such as a foreign body in the trachea, were encountered. However, several problems with water leakage occurred and were managed appropriately. Aspiration pneumonia from repeated water leakage did not occur, and no cases of TE shunt closure were encountered. These problems may occur with further aging. Thorough follow-ups will be continued in the future.
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PMID:[Long-term outcomes and complications associated with the use of a Groningen voice prosthesis]. 1555 97

A 78-year-old man suffered from refractory aspiration pneumonia as a result of a minor medullary stroke. The only neurological symptom observed in this patient was difficulty in swallowing. He was managed with i.v. hyperalimentation with termination of oral intake, including water. However, he still experienced several episodes of aspiration pneumonia. As he was considered to have a bacterial infection because of silent aspiration of colonized oropharyngeal material, inhalation of tobramycin was introduced and successful control of airway infection was attained.
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PMID:Inhalation of tobramycin in a patient with aspiration pneumonia as a result of medullary stroke. 1561 72

Polymyositis, dermatopolymyositis, and inclusion body myositis imply chronic inflammation of skeletal muscles. Pulmonary complications include aspiration pneumonia, interstitial pneumonitis, or respiratory muscle myositis. This study aims at better describing their impact on respiratory muscle. Twenty-three consecutive patients (12 PM, 5 DM, 6 IBM) were studied (static inspiratory and expiratory pressures; diaphragm function in terms of the mouth and transdiaphragmatic pressure responses to bilateral phrenic stimulation). Pulmonary parenchymatous abnormalities were mild (6 cases) or absent. The mouth pressure produced by phrenic stimulation was 6.83+/-3.01 cm H2O, with 18 patients (78%) diagnosed with diaphragm weakness (<10 cm H2O) and lower values in DM (4.35+/-1.48 cm H2O) than in IBM and in PM (P<0.05). Diaphragm weakness is frequent and probably overlooked in inflammatory myopathies. Further studies are needed to delineate the clinical relevance of these results.
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PMID:Diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. 1563 18

Enteral feeding through the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is usually initiated about 12 to 24 hours after insertion of the tube. There have been earlier studies evaluating the efficacy of early initiation of enteral feedings that had encouraging results. However, delayed initiation of feeding following PEG placement continues to be practiced widely. We believe that feeding can be done earlier without any increase in associated morbidity or mortality and with obvious reduction in the need for parenteral nutrition and healthcare costs. We evaluated a protocol to initiate enteral nutrition 4 hours after the PEG tube insertion with subsequent discharge of the outpatients on the same day. We conducted a prospective study to assess the efficacy of early initiation of PEG feeding. We enrolled 77 patients in our study who were having PEG tubes placed for enteral feeding. Only patients who had a PEG placed for gastric venting procedures were excluded from our study. During the course of our study, no patient had to be excluded for the latter reason. Patients were evaluated by the physician performing the procedure, 4 hours after the tube was inserted. Their vital signs were checked, and a thorough abdominal examination was performed. Minimal tenderness around the PEG site was the most frequent finding. Otherwise, all the patients had a benign abdominal examination. The tube was flushed with 60 mL of sterile water. Following the examination, orders were given to restart the feedings. These patients were followed for a 30-day period to evaluate complications associated with PEG tube placement and early initiation of PEG feeding. There was one case of aspiration pneumonia (1.3%) and one death that was attributed to the underlying disease out of our 77 patients. Early initiation of enteral feeding after PEG tube placement can be successfully completed with a systematic protocol and close observation. Not only was this protocol found to be safe, it can also have significant cost savings by eliminating the need for inpatient hospitalization for the procedure.
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PMID:Early initiation of enteral feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. 1621 75

Microsurgical removal of acoustic neurinoma is still one of the challenging topics in neurosurgery in spite of the development of Gamma-knife or radiosurgery, with which small and moderate sized tumors can be treated. Surgical technique necessitates more expertise in dealing with larger tumors. In this report ongoing microsurgical standard technique for removal of acoustic neurinomas of approx. 3 cm (extrameatal) in diameter is presented along with its historical backgrounds and literature review with reported techniques used by experienced neurosurgeons. 1) Standard sitting position with head turned (30) and flexed (20) head, and not semisitting position. 2) retromastoid retrosigmoid osteoplastic craniotomy following a linear incision. Special mention is made on how to manage the air embolism inherent to the sitting position in which the use of fibrin glue to seal the air entrance is presented along with early detection. 3) Intracapsular enucleation after the dural incision and retraction of the biventer lobule with special emphasis on the infrequent anatomical course of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves on the posterior wall of neurinomas. 4) Localizing the facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve at the pontine side, so that decision of preserving or sacrificing the latter in the course of surgery can be made from the viewpoint of hearing preservation and concentrate on facial nerve function. 5) Drilling away of the posterior meatal lip in which sufficient drilling away should be performed to minimize opening of the posterior semicircular canal and that of mastoid cells. Complete sealing of either is necessary to prevent hearing loss or CSF rhinorrhoe. 6) Reduction of remaining tumor-capsule volume by sharp dissection or bipolar cutting, using intraoperative EMG-stimulation which identifies the presence of flattened facial nerve fibers on the capsule. Presence tiny remnant of the tumor capsule attached to the nerve bundles just before the entrance of internal acoustic porus (macroscopical "radical" resection) is considered to be acceptable for better postoperative quality of life. 7) Water tight dural closure and secure sealing of mastoid cells is necessary to prevent CSF rhinorrhoe. 8) Facial muscle EMG monitoring and AEP monitoring are mandaroty to accomplish surgery which enables postoperative good quality of life. 9) Results of 88 cases during last 10 years are: good function (HB I and II) of the facial nerve 90.5% at the time of two years follow-up, 11.5% hearing preservation, 1 mortality due to aspiration pneumonia. CSF rhinorrhoe 10%.
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PMID:[Operative neurosurgery: personal view and historical backgrounds (2) acoustic neurinoma]. 1715 74

Adding pectin to an elemental formula increases its viscosity through gelatinization, thus presumably preventing gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration pneumonia. We investigated the influence of the viscosity of an elemental formula on gastric emptying. Eleven healthy volunteers underwent three tests at intervals of >1 week. After fasting for >8 h, each subject received a test meal (enteral nutrition solution, enteral solution plus pectin, or water). Then gastric emptying (continuous (13)C breath test), gastro-oesophageal intraluminal pressures, oesophageal pH, and blood levels of glucose, insulin and gastrin were all measured simultaneously. The gastric emptying coefficient was significantly increased by adding pectin to enteral nutrition (3.01 +/- 0.10 vs 2.78 +/- 0.10, mean +/- SE, P < 0.05). The antral motility index was also significantly higher with pectin than without at 45-60 min and 60-75 min after the test meal (526 +/- 237 vs 6.5 +/- 4.6 mmHg s(-1) and 448 +/- 173 vs 2.3 +/- 2.3 mmHg s(-1) respectively; P < 0.05). Plasma glucose was significantly higher with pectin than without it at 60 min after ingestion (141.5 +/- 6.03 vs 125.8 +/- 4.69 microM mL(-1), P < 0.05). In healthy individuals, pectin increased the viscosity of enteral nutrition and accelerated gastric emptying.
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PMID:High-viscosity liquid meal accelerates gastric emptying. 1797 39

An 80-year-old woman presented with type IV massive hiatal hernia with intrathoracic upside-down stomach and transverse colon. She was dyspneic and vomited upon consuming food or water. Consequently, she developed aspiration pneumonia. Both esophagoscopy and upper gastrointestinal series demonstrated significant cephalad displacement of the gastroesophageal junction. A Collis-Nissen hernial repair by muscle-sparing mini-thoracotomy was performed successfully. To date, 3 years after surgery, the patient is enjoying normal oral intake, has an excellent activities of daily living level, and there is no hernia recurrence. Cases of massive paraesophageal hernia are frequently associated with esophageal shortening that causes tension on the repairs and late failure. Advantages of the transthoracic approach in such cases include feasibility of direct esophageal mobilization, accurate assessment of esophageal tension, and facilitation of Collis gastroplasty. The true indication for transthoracic Collis-Nissen repair among cases of paraesophageal hiatal hernia with a short esophagus should be acknowledged more in the era of laparoscopy.
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PMID:Transthoracic Collis-Nissen repair for massive type IV paraesophageal hernia. 1894 81

Recently, many medical professionals become to realize eating problem affect deeply patient's quality of life (QOL), and they are very interested in dysphagia rehabilitation. I overviewed dysphagia rehabilitation along with the followings; (1) impact of dysphagia, (2) assessment of dysphagia, and (3) management of dysphagia. Eating is the most enjoyable activity. Dysphagia changes this enjoyable activity to the most fearful one. Dysphagia makes three major problems: risk of aspiration pneumonia and suffocation, risk of dehydration and malnutrition, and depriving enjoyable activity. As a recent conceptualization of eating, the Process model is the most important, that reveals eating (chew-swallow) is very different from just chewing plus swallowing in physiologically. In assessment, standardized functional tests such as the Repetitive saliva swallowing test, the Modified water swallowing test, and the Graded food test are used. The most important point in clinical assessment is identifying indication of direct therapy using food or starting period of oral feeding. Videofluorographic and videoendoscopic examinations are used as precise diagnostic and management-oriented assessment tools. In management, exercise, posture adjustment, and modification of food promote eating possibility. Oral care is essential in dysphagic patients. Surgical intervention is effective method if a patient has severe dysphagia.
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PMID:[Dysphagia rehabilitation]. 1919 4


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