Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032290 (aspiration pneumonia)
 2,291 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The most common nutritional problems in nursing home residents are weight loss and concomitant protein energy undernutrition. Although the causes of weight loss in these patients can usually be treated, they are rarely identified in the nursing home. Depression and adverse drug effects are the most common causes of weight loss. We discuss the appropriate use of feeding tubes in the nursing home and the early use of enteral feeding to prevent the development of severe protein energy undernutrition. Vitamin deficiencies, especially folate and pyridoxine deficiencies, frequently develop in nursing home residents. Hip fractures are often associated with vitamin D deficiency. Trace mineral deficiencies (for example, zinc deficiency) can aggravate immune deficiency and slow wound healing. Inadequate fluid intake leads to dehydration, hypotension, and, in persons with diabetes mellitus, hyperosmolarity. Finally, food intake itself can cause postprandial hypotension (which in turn may precipitate falls), produce electrolyte shifts, and result in aspiration pneumonia. Physical activity programs are an important component of nursing home care that may have an effect on nutritional status, and simple, cost-effective programs may be as beneficial as high-technology programs. Careful attention to the nutritional intake of nursing home residents is both a clinical and a quality-of-life issue.
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PMID:Nutritional issues in nursing home care. 748 69

An analysis of all poisoning cases admitted in medical and pediatric wards of Patan Hospital for one year (1st Jan to 31st Dec 2004) was carried out. A total of 154 cases were admitted which was 0.8% of total hospital admissions. Females outnumbered males and almost two-thirds patients were young adults (15-34 years). Seasonal variation in poisoning was observed with more cases in the summer months. Organophosphorus compounds (42%), drugs (25%), and zinc phosphide (6.5%) were common poisonings in total and in adult populations, whereas kerosene was the most frequent poisoning in pediatric age group. Paracetamol, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants were the most frequently used drugs. The circumstances of poisoning were intentional (75%) and accidental (20%); most of the childhood poisonings were accidental in nature. The mean hospital stay for all type of poisoning was 7.5 days; whereas it was 10.2 days for organophosphorus, 2.5 days for paracetamol, and 1.5 days each for zinc phosphide and kerosene ingestion. Intensive care unit (ICU) service was required in 17% of patients; and almost 25% developed complications. Aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure were the most frequently observed complications. Ninety four percent of admitted patients recovered completely; leaving a mortality rate of 5%.
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PMID:Poisoning : pattern and profile of admitted cases in a hospital in central Nepal. 1655 62

Placing a nasogastric tube can be a life-saving act for a horse but is considered an occupational hazard for veterinarians. An online questionnaire was performed to assess and specify potential risks. 123 equine veterinarians completed the survey, and the majority admitted using the mouth to handle the end of the nasogastric tube (sucking or blowing air) and having accidentally swallowed or aspirated stomach content or medications. This can potentially lead to aspiration pneumonia or pneumonitis. Mineral oil seems to be especially dangerous as aspiration may be asymptomatic at the beginning and lipoid pneumonitis may develop. Furthermore, 60% of responders would also handle the tube with their mouth if the horse was presented with fever and diarrhea or reflux formation, which might be affected by Salmonella sp. or Clostridium difficile producing toxins. The fact that nasogastric tubes are rarely being disinfected increases the risk of infection. 50% of veterinarians would use their mouth to suck or blow air into the tube during nasogastric intubation, even if the patient was presented with suspected poisoning. Rodenticide zinc phosphide is particularly dangerous as its breakdown product is a highly toxic gas. Inhalation leads to serious symptoms in humans, including pulmonary edema and neurological signs. Alternatives to mouth use (lavage, big syringe, or suction pump) when passing a tube should be considered, especially if a patient is presented with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis, diarrhea, or suspected poisoning. Awareness needs to be raised among veterinarians that nasogastric intubation is an extremely hazardous occupational practice.
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PMID:Nasogastric Intubation as Health and Safety Risk in Equine Practice-A Questionnaire. 3230 19