Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032290 (aspiration pneumonia)
 2,291 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective controlled study 63% of 150 children without prophylaxis were at risk of aspiration pneumonia in case of aspiration or regurgitation. In a second trial 10 mg/kg cimetidine orally 120 to 180 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia proved to be a very effective prophylaxis. In small children up to 15 kg rectal application of 40 mg/kg cimetidine was even more effective than 10 mg/kg orally in reducing gastric volume. Premedication with cimetidine may be a practicable method for reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia in paediatric anaesthesia.
 ...
PMID:[Efficacy of cimetidine in the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in paediatric anaesthesia]. 661 10

In 1946, Mendelson described 66 cases of gastric juice inhalation during obstetrical work with no mortality. Other studies studying different populations (essentially in post-operative condition) denounced a mortality from 19 to 64%. In Forensic Medicine, a bronchial regurgitation of gastric juice is denounced in 1/3 lethal toxic comas. This regurgitation can be the direct cause of the death, it also can be an epiphenomena, as suggests the high level of inhalation in agonic process of any cause: 1/4 of autopsy findings. In our department, 200 cases of inhalation pneumonia, during comatose intoxications have been registered between 1972-1982, with a frequency of 1/28 patients. All the patients were under assisted ventilation. 4 deaths occurred in this serie. This 2% mortality suggests the curability of gastric juice inhalation during comatose intoxications in not specifically respiratory-orientated intensive Care Units. These relatively good results are probably party related to the patients' recruitment: young population without underlying organic disease, with a rapid turnover and little hazards of nosocomial superinfections.
 ...
PMID:[Inhalation pneumonia in toxic comas. Apropos of 200 cases with 4 deaths]. 663 63

Analysis of the reasons responsible for complications of anesthesia in abdominal delivery has shown that such complications are most frequent before fetus extraction. They are: poorly corrected hypo- or hypertension and tachycardia; damages of major vessels, pleura and lungs upon central vein puncture; severe hypoxia in difficult or abortive intubations with mouth, larynx, pharynx, trachea and esophagus injuries; regurgitation and development of aspiration pneumonia (Mendelson syndrome); toxic and allergic reactions to psychopharmacological, narcotic and local anesthetic agents; signs of laryngobronchiolospasm; complications during suture of the uterus and abdominal cavity when main anesthesia is performed (hypotonic bleeding with the onset of ARDS, hemodynamic disturbances due to microembolism of the pulmonary artery branches upon active contractions of the uterus caused by uterotonics, side effects of myorelaxants); complications in the early postoperative period (prolonged apnea, the onset of acute cardiopulmonary and hepatic failure).
 ...
PMID:[Complications and peculiarities of anesthesia in abdominal delivery]. 794 66

Esophageal hiatal hernia was diagnosed in 11 young Chinese Shar-Pei dogs between October 1985 and July 1991. The dogs ranged in age from 2 to 11 months and included 3 females and 8 males. The most common clinical signs were regurgitation, vomiting, and hypersalivation. Physical examination was normal in 6 dogs; abnormal physical examination findings in the other 5 dogs included fever, dehydration, hypersalivation, and pulmonary wheezes and crackles. Laboratory evaluation was significant only for neutrophilia in 5 dogs. A diagnosis of hiatal hernia was made on the basis of survey thoracic radiographic and/or barium esophagram findings of displacement of the esophagogastric junction and stomach into the thoracic cavity; the diagnosis was confirmed by surgery in 9 dogs and at necropsy in 2 dogs. Megaesophagus (n = 7), gastroesophageal reflux (n = 4), and esophageal hypomotility (n = 1) were additional findings in some dogs. Aspiration pneumonia was diagnosed in 7 of the dogs. Medical therapies formulated for the therapy of presumed reflux esophagitis generally failed to resolve the clinical signs associated with the hiatal hernia. Hiatal herniae were surgically repaired in 9 of the Shar-Peis by various combinations of diaphragmatic crural apposition, fixation of the esophagus to the diaphragmatic crus (esophagopexy), and left fundic tube gastropexy. Eight of the animals survived surgery, six of which have been asymptomatic since surgery (19 to 36 months). The megaesophagus, esophageal hypomotility, and bronchopneumonia resolved in all of these dogs.
 ...
PMID:Congenital esophageal hiatal hernia in the Chinese shar-pei dog. 824 9

Diverticula of the thoracic esophagus are uncommon disorders. The indications for surgical intervention in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients are unclear. Among 20 patients referred during a 20-year period, 6 were male and 14 female, with a median age of 65 years. Two had had previous diverticulectomies. Dysphagia was present in 9 (45%) and regurgitation in 11 (55%). Nine patients had severe nocturnal cough with symptoms of aspiration. In two of these nine and in three other patients (25%), pulmonary symptoms were the only manifestation of disease, with no or minimal esophageal symptoms. In one patient the diagnosis of the presence of bronchial asthma for several years was incorrect; one patient had massive aspiration before hernia repair, in one a bronchoesophageal fistula and lung abscess developed, and two had severe persistent cough. All patients had a diagnostic barium esophagogram and endoscopy. Operation was performed in 17 patients, whereas three others declined operation. There was one hospital death. Follow-up is complete on 17 of 19 patients until June 1991. All operative survivors but one are free of symptoms. Of three patients refusing operation, one died of aspiration pneumonia, another died of myocardial infarction, and one with severe dysphagia is living. Because of the prevalence of aspiration (45%) and the potential for life-threatening pulmonary complications in some patients (15%), we conclude that operative intervention should be undertaken in all patients with thoracic esophageal diverticula regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Thoracic esophageal diverticula. Why is operation necessary? 842 53

Two cases of myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma are reported. Both were female German shepherd dogs and the thymoma was surgically resected. Aspiration pneumonia secondary to persistent megaoesophagus was a complication in both cases. The myasthenia gravis did not resolve, but there was a more satisfactory control of clinical signs with anticholinesterase treatment. Corticosteroid therapy was used in one case, but the resulting polydipsia increased the incidence of regurgitation, resulting in recurrent episodes of aspiration pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of acquired myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma in two dogs. 887 38

Acute fulminating myasthenia gravis (MG) was diagnosed in 5 dogs. Acute fulminating generalized MG in dogs is characterized by sudden onset of megaesophagus and frequent regurgitation of large volumes of fluid. Generalized muscle weakness can worsen and lead to recumbency within days. Despite appropriate supportive care, weakness is not alleviated by rest. Respiratory failure caused by aspiration pneumonia and loss of strength in muscles involved with respiration is a common cause of death. In dogs with acute onset of regurgitation, MG should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of rapid progression to quadriparesis if aspiration pneumonia develops.
 ...
PMID:Acute fulminating myasthenia gravis in five dogs. 953 Apr 21

A 14-month-old, intact male Labrador retriever was referred for evaluation of vomiting and regurgitation. A diagnosis of gastroesophageal intussusception with aspiration pneumonia was made. The patient responded favorably to aggressive surgical and medical management. The guarded to poor prognosis for gastroesophageal intussusception makes the successful outcome of this case unique.
 ...
PMID:Gastroesophageal intussusception in a Labrador retriever. 981 38

Intrathoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed by endoscopy in an 11-year-old, castrated male Labrador retriever with signs of regurgitation and weight loss. Photodynamic therapy with photofrin was administered three times under endoscopic guidance over a two-month period. A partial response to photodynamic therapy was supported by a reduction in tumor size (noted on serial endoscopic examinations) and by a return to oral alimentation. The dog was euthanized due to recurrent regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia nine months after the onset of therapy. Necropsy revealed marked local invasiveness and regional lymph node metastasis of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in addition to pneumonia. The application of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of canine esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is discussed and compared with the human literature.
 ...
PMID:Photodynamic therapy as a treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a dog. 1082 99

Gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) is a major cause of morbidity and failure to thrive particularly in neurologically impaired children. Clinical manifestations of GOR in children range from regurgitation, food refusal, irritability, failure to thrive, hematemesis, wheezing and aspiration pneumonia, apnoea and apparent life threatening events in infants to clinically silent reflux. Although, no one test is always best to diagnose GOR, 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring remains the 'gold standard' for diagnosis. Barium radiography is useful for the diagnosis of associated anatomical abnormalities and endoscopy enables a histological diagnosis of esophagitis. Therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease is now well established. Proper positioning of the baby and thickening of feeds is beneficial in uncomplicated GOR. Prokinetic agents like cisapride should be tried if dietary management and antacids are ineffective. Metoclopramide or domperidone may be tried in neurologically impaired children. H2-receptor antagonists are indicated in GOR complicated by esophagitis. Ranitidine is regarded to be more potent. Cimetidine has additional spectrum of adverse effects and sufficient information is not available on famotidine. Omeprazole has been shown to be effective in treating GOR-esophagitis resistant to H2 antagonist therapy even in high risk patients.
 ...
PMID:Gastroesophageal reflux in children. 1113 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>