Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032290 (aspiration pneumonia)
 2,291 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clozapine has been shown to be the most efficacious therapy for treatment resistant schizophrenia, estimated at one third of all schizophrenia cases. There is significant morbidity and mortality associated with clozapine including risk of agranulocytosis, aspiration pneumonia, bowel ischemia, myocarditis, seizures, and weight gain. Here we present a case of a 62-year-old man with chronic paranoid schizophrenia refractory to numerous antipsychotics who was started on clozapine therapy during an acute inpatient psychiatric admission. Within three weeks of starting clozapine, the patient developed flu-like symptoms, pleuritic chest pain, and was sent to a medical hospital for evaluation. After transfer, the patient had a rapidly deteriorating course with newly developed congestive heart failure, acute respiratory failure requiring intubation, and cardiovascular collapse requiring vasopressors. The patient expired within two days of transfer and four days after initial symptoms developed. The underlying etiology in this case is likely clozapine induced myocarditis leading to rapid cardiovascular collapse and death. Mortality with clozapine induced myocarditis has been estimated up to 24%. Given that 90% of clozapine cardiotoxic sequelae are seen in the first month post-initiation, more rigorous post-initiation surveillance is recommended for the first four weeks of clozapine with weekly cardiac enzymes (troponins, creatinine kinase-MB), EKG, and acute inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
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PMID:Potentially fatal outcomes associated with clozapine. 2950 32

Central sleep apnea is characterized by frequent cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in repetitive episodes of insufficient ventilation and abnormalities of acid-base balance. It may be primary or secondary, and it is uncommon in children, with limited data for this population. We present here the case of a five-year-old girl, known to have thoracolumbar myelomeningocele (for which she underwent a surgical procedure in infancy), secondary hydrocephalus (with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt) and flaccid paralysis, who was admitted in our hospital with prolonged fever syndrome, productive cough, severe dyspnea and perioral cyanosis. Following physical examination, laboratory investigations and thoracic radiography, we established the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia with acute respiratory failure. Medical treatment with multiple systemic antibiotics, antifungal agents, systemic and inhaled bronchodilator, oxygen therapy and respiratory nursing were initiated, with favorable evolution. During the entire hospitalization, the patient showed nocturnal respiratory rhythm disorders, with sleep apnea crisis of approximately 20 seconds and desaturation, followed by severe hypercapnic respiratory acidosis, manifestations that persisted even after the remission of pulmonary infection, raising the suspicion of an apnea syndrome. After excluding the causes of obstructive apnea, a cerebral CT scan was performed, revealing isolated fourth ventricle compressing the brainstem. The patient underwent neurosurgical intervention and postoperatively, the evolution was favorable, with remission of apnea crisis.
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PMID:Central Sleep Apnea - a Rare Cause for Acute Respiratory Insufficiency in Children. Case Report. 2986 43


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