Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032290 (aspiration pneumonia)
 2,291 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty consecutive patients with metastatic carcinoma who underwent cryohypophysectomy were studied. Of these, 26 had breast cancer, 19 had prostatic cancer, one had malignant melanoma, one had cancer of the kidney, and three had metastatic adenocarcinoma from an unknown primary tumour. After cryohypophysectomy, excellent pain relief was obtained in 48% of patients, good or acceptable pain relief was obtained in 40%, and poor or no relief in 12%. Two patients died: one of aspiration pneumonia and one of an unknown cerebral cause. Sixteen patients developed diabetes insipidus, of whom three required therapy with vasopressin; eight patients developed a cerebrospinal fluid leak, two of whom required surgical repair; and four patients developed meningitis, which resolved in three after antibiotic therapy. Results are compared with those from other published reports. Pain relief from cryohypophysectomy is surmised to be due to the production of endorphins, but no proof of this is available.
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PMID:Cryohypophysectomy for the relief of pain in malignant disease. 669 92

Resection of the oesophagus together with the bifurcation of the trachea has been performed in three patients with oesophageal carcinoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma of bronchial origin. Two patients had an uneventful recovery and survived five and 10 months but one patient died in the immediate postoperative period from aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure. There has been no report of combined resection of the oesophagus and carina since Thompson's paper in 1973, but it appears to be indicated occasionally in patients with tracheobronchial or oesophageal malignancy, particularly when it is associated with an oesophagobronchial fistula.
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PMID:Resection of the carina and oesophagus for malignant tumours of the oesophagus or tracheobronchial tree. 671 Apr 29

Many patients with chronic diseases develop malnutrition. Force feeding with either enteral tube of parenteral infusions often succeeds in ameliorating this problem in hospitalized patients. However, after discharge many patients are incapable of sustaining adequate dietary intake. As a consequence, malnutrition may persist or recur. The authors' previous experience using nocturnal enteral tube feedings in patients with glycogen storage disease suggested that malnourished patients also might benefit from enteral tube feedings at home. Fourteen undernourished patients selected for domestic enteral tube feedings clearly demonstrated a tolerance, which included adequate gastric emptying, to the infusions during their hospitalization. They ranged in age from 2 months to 68 yr. Infusion pumps delivered the feedings continuously. At home, 12 patients experienced substantial weight gains. Two maintained their weight while they received intensive chemotherapy for malignancies. Except for the two patients with short bowel syndrome, all patients were weaned successfully to oral feedings after 1 to 3 months. The only apparent complication was possible aspiration pneumonia in a patient with neurological dysfunction. This further experience with domestic enteral tube alimentation indicates that selected patients can be managed effectively, safely and economically with nasogastric nutritional support on an outpatient basis.
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PMID:Nasogastric tube feeding at home: a method for adjunctive nutritional support of malnourished patients. 678 77

Anatomical and functional changes of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx due to malignant tumor surgery and irradiation, cause breathing, swallowing, phonation and lung protection disorders. Deglutition disorders and choking are observed in all patients who have undergone supracricoid laryngectomy. We presented 33 patients after supracricoid laryngectomy with simultaneous CHEP (6) or CHP (27) reconstructions. 18 patients had one arytenoid cartilage removed, in 1 patient both of them were removed. Removal of the stomach tube took place between 29-36th day after the surgery. 4 patients showed symptoms of the aspiration pneumonia. Difficulties in swallowing liquids persist in some cases even a few years after the surgery. Re-education and rehabilitation of swallowing is the predominant problem and the most important goal after the CHP and CHEP surgery.
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PMID:[Swallowing disorders in patients after the laryngeal cancer surgery]. 764 94

The risk of aspiration during tube feedings has been reduced but not abolished by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). This open study was planned to evaluate whether cisapride may play some role in preventing aspiration in long-term enteral feeding via PEG. A group of 29 patients, unable to swallow because of head and neck cancer (14 cases) or neurological disorders (15 cases) entered the study; 7 neurological patients, fed via nasogastric tube before PEG placement, had suffered from aspiration pneumonia during nasogastric feeding. All patients underwent PEG, and 10 mg cisapride was routinely given via PEG before each administration of enteral feeding and 6 h after its initiation when the feeding was continued for 12 h or more. Only 1 minor complication was observed during the acute hospital setting (ileus, spontaneously resolving after 36 h). After hospital discharge, the patients were followed for a total of 4935 days of feeding (range 47-508 days, mean time per patient: 170 days) and assessed weekly for the development of complications. No episode of probable/possible aspiration pneumonia was observed during the follow-up. Two neurological patients with involuntary movements had rupture of the feeding tube, which was replaced without complications. These results support the hypothesis that cisapride might play some role in the prevention of aspiration in patients fed via PEG, and justify the planning of some controlled, double-blind trials to verify such a hypothesis.
Support Care Cancer 1994 May
PMID:Prevention of aspiration pneumonia during long-term feeding by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: might cisapride play any role? An open pilot study. 803 5

Anyone having lectured on DNA adducts is likely to be familiar with the first question after the presentation: 'What is the relationship of DNA adducts and cancer?'. Although there are a number of reviews on the topic (1-5), my personal response, instead of going into lengthy circumstantial argumentation and hand-waving, has been a quotation from Mortimer Mendelson: 'I wouldn't like to have my DNA messed up'. In this commentary I will indulge in this still circumstantial argumentation. The reason being that never before has it appeared to be so easy, or less difficult, to entertain the question. Hopefully this effort will spare colleagues confronting the same question some time. At the same time I will take the opportunity to describe developments in the identification of DNA adducts. A vivid history of the development of ideas on chemical causes of cancer has been published by Lawley.
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PMID:DNA adducts, mutations and cancer. 822 46

The clinical, histological, and necropsy findings of three cases of fatal, nonmalignant ulceration in the gastric tube after oesophageal resection for oesophageal malignancy are presented. The deaths occurred three, 30, and 42 months, respectively, after initial surgery. Two of the patients had received chemoradiotherapy, one at initial presentation, and one for a recurrence 18 months after surgery. In two patients death was due to an aspiration pneumonia, consequent on the development of a gastrobronchial fistula. The third patient died after a massive haematemesis. In none of the cases was there any evidence of residual or recurrent malignancy at necropsy, although in the two cases where radiological and endoscopic assessment was performed before death, recurrent tumour had been clinically diagnosed. As improved surgical techniques reduce the incidence of death due to anastomotic leakage and combined modality treatment regimens offer improved prospects of tumour remission, deaths from other causes will assume a greater importance. As such, the possibility that ulceration in the gastric tube may be due to causes other than tumour recurrence deserves greater recognition.
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PMID:Fatal non-malignant ulceration in the gastric tube after oesophagectomy. 832 Mar 36

A 12-year review identified 21 patients with nontyphoidal, nonparatyphoidal salmonella septicemia. Eight of the patients had no predisposing factors. Factors identified included malignancy in five, recent surgery in four, alcoholism with aspiration pneumonia in two, chronic lung disease in two, diabetes in two, systemic lupus erythematosus in one and burns in one. Ten patients presented with gastroenteritis, two with localized abscesses, two with aspiration pneumonia and the remainder with nonspecific septicemia. Three patients died of underlying diseases and three died shortly after the septicemia of related causes. Six cases were nosocomial infection and were not related to hospital outbreaks. Salmonella septicemia with these serotypes is uncommon (1 per 14,000 admissions, 1 per 4000 blood cultures) and can occur in patients without diminished host resistance.
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PMID:Nontyphoidal, nonparatyphoidal salmonella septicemia in adults. 850 19

Factors that predispose to infection in general, of course, may predispose to infection with anaerobes. Included in this category are diabetes mellitus, neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, malignancy, splenectomy, collagen vascular disease, cytotoxic drug therapy, corticosteroid therapy and other immunosuppression. However, even with these situations there may be certain, more specific, associations: anaerobic cholecystitis and anaerobic osteomyelitis in diabetics, neutropenic colitis, and the increased incidence of local anaerobic infections associated with carcinoma of the lung, colon and uterus. Conditions that lead to decreased redox potential more specifically predispose to infection with anaerobes. Included in this category are obstruction and stasis, tissue anoxia, tissue destruction, vascular insufficiency, prior aerobic infection, burns, foreign body implantation, and calcium salts in a wound (in association with fractures). Other specific clinical situations that predispose to anaerobic infections include leukaemia; oral, gastrointestinal, and female pelvic surgery; trauma at other sites; childbirth; aspiration pneumonia; human and animal bites; and therapy with agents with poor activity against anaerobes (e.g. aminoglycosides, quinolones). AIDS patients appear to be predisposed to severe periodontal disease and its complications.
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PMID:Host factors predisposing to anaerobic infections. 851 53

A 92-year-old man with dysphagia secondary to squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was palliated repeatedly with endoscopic laser therapy and insertion of esophageal stents. During the treatment period of 32 months, the patient could be fed perorally while ingrowth of tumor, development of new stenoses at the edges of the stents, and breakage of one stent were encountered. A tracheosesophageal fistula developed at the upper edge of the first stent. The patient died from aspiration pneumonia. At autopsy, no cancer cells were found in the esophagus. Combined endoscopic laser treatment and stent therapy may keep a patient free from dysphagia during a long period of time and also may result in the complete disappearance of tumor growth in the esophagus.
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PMID:Disappearance of esophageal carcinoma after stenting combined with endoscopic laser therapy. 858 6


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