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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have performed aortic root replacement in twin Marfan patients. They were male and aged 33 years at the times of the operations. One had pneumonia but the other had no complaints. Echocardiography showed geometries typical of annuloaortic ectasia (aortic diameters of 6.4 and 6.8 cm) and a moderate degree of aortic insufficiency. Aortic roots were replaced utilizing composite valve graft and the coronary orifices were reimplanted with Carrel's patch technique. The operations were carried out at almost the same time. The patients had a satisfactory postoperative course. Because of the potential for late dissection or aneurysm in other areas of the aorta, they should have regular follow-up examinations by MRI and CT indefinitely.
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PMID:[Aortic root replacement in twin Marfan patients]. 788 52

To interpret the MRI signal intensities, the T1 and T2 values were determined in vitro for rat lungs with radiation pneumonitis, fibrosis or pneumonia, and also for muscle and fat tissues. The transverse magnetization decays mentioned above exhibited two components, a T2 fast (T2f) and a T2 slow (T2s) component. Lungs from rats with pneumonia had significantly longer T2f and T2s values than lungs from rats with radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis. The T2f and T2s values for a "pneumonia lung" were not significantly different from those of muscle. The measured values of T2f and T2s suggested that radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis likely exhibit lower signal intensities than do muscle and that a "pneumonia lung" likely exhibits a similar signal intensity to that of muscle on T2-weighted MR images.
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PMID:Tissue characterization of pneumonia and irradiated rat lungs with magnetic resonance relaxation times. 793 66

Immunosuppressive treatments of neuro-immunologic diseases: myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multiple sclerosis were reviewed. The treatments need to be planned in terms of 2-5 years. Cautions must be taken for adverse effects of short and long terms. Corticosteroids were the most well used and were studied medication of the first choice among immunosuppressants in these diseases except for CIDP in which large amounts of IV-Ig or plasmapheresis are the first choice. Pulse treatment of very high doses of steroids are used in refractory or severe cases. As for immunosuppressants, in polymyositis iv MTX is the choice since its response is quicker than AZ. CsA is used in cases with pneumonitis. In MS, pulse treatments of steroids followed by gradual decreasing doses of steroids are used for 2-3 months in each relapse. Recently, IFN-alpha 2a and IFN-beta significantly reduced the number of relapses and improved MRI findings. Chronic applications of AZ, CY, Cs or MTX have possibilities of reducing relapses, and new drugs like mizoribine and mitoxantrone etc. are in trials.
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PMID:[Treatment of neuro-immunologic diseases by immunosuppressants]. 799 8

A 77-year-old man was admitted because of high fever and general malaise. Whole-body CT showed large bilateral adrenal masses and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Needle biopsy of the adrenal mass revealed mononuclear tumor cells within the lumens of small vessels, indicating the features of angioendothelial lymphoma. Immunohistochemically, these tumor cells were B cell lineage (positive for LCA, Mx-pan B, MB-1, and negative for factor VIII-related antigen, UEA-1, QB/ENDO 10). We used a modified CHOP therapy (500 mg of cyclophosphamide, 40mg of 4'-o-tetrahydropyranyl doxorubicin, 2mg of vindesine, and 50 mg of prednisolone) due to the patient's advanced age and general condition. Following the first course of this modified CHOP, the adrenal masses and para-aortic lymph nodes decreased dramatically in size, and his subjective symptoms also improved remarkably. Following three courses of modified CHOP, the patient developed dementia and disturbance of consciousness. Brain MRI revealed enhanced multiple nodular lesions. A diagnosis of multiple brain metastasis was made and modified CHOP and radiation therapy were begun, which relieved his symptoms for some time. However, he later died of pneumonia with severe leukopenia. A postmortem examination was performed. Microscopic examination showed no residual tumor cells in the adrenal gland. brain lymph nodes, or other organs. These results suggest that modified CHOP and radiation therapy may have beneficial anti-tumor effects against angioendothelial lymphoma.
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PMID:[Modified CHOP and radiation therapy in an aged patient with angioendothelial lymphoma]. 802 99

Cytomegalovirus encephalitis (CMVE) is frequently diagnosed only at postmortem because its specific clinical features have not been fully identified. We have described the clinical, radiologic, and laboratory features of CMVE in a retrospective review of 14 autopsy-confirmed cases of CMVE and compared them with a control group of demented acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients without CMVE. CMVE was more common among homosexual men, and a subacute onset was more typical (mean duration of presenting symptoms was 3.5 weeks versus 18 weeks in demented controls). Median survival times were 4.6 weeks for CMVE and 28 weeks for controls. CMVE was accompanied by prominent systemic CMV infection at autopsy, including CMV adrenalitis (92%), CMV pneumonitis (42%), systemic Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI; 58%), and CMV retinitis (58%). Hyponatremia and MAI bacteremia were found in 58% of CMVE cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of CSF samples identified CMV genome in 33% of CMVE cases. CMVE was associated with periventricular enhancement on CTs and periventricular lesions with meningeal enhancement on MRI scans. CMVE should be particularly suspected in homosexual men presenting with subacute encephalopathy who have had AIDS for more than 1 year and have a history of systemic CMV infection. Other features supporting the diagnosis of CMVE include periventricular lesions, hyponatremia, and identification of CMV genome in CSF by PCR.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 814 23

A case is reported of a 16-month-old girl who presented with generalized hypotonia, ptosis and persistent low grade fever after a previous pneumonia. Brain CT and MRI showed symmetric necrotizing lesions in the basal ganglia, substantia nigra and periaqueduct area. Lactate and pyruvate levels were elevated in both the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Biopsy of the rectus femoris muscle for electron microscopic examination revealed some distortion of the mitochondrial cristae. Biochemical study showed normal respiratory chain enzymes. Leigh disease was considered from the neuroradiological findings and morphological investigations.
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PMID:Leigh disease (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy): report of one case. 821 61

We experienced a 39-year-old male who developed neurological complication during a course of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. The diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia was made on the basis of elevation of specific antibody (CF) titer in convalescent serum. Electroencephalogram showed diffuse damage in the brain, but no other abnormalities were not found on brain CT-scan and MRI. In the cerebrospinal fluid, the number of cells did not increase and the M. pneumoniae CF titer was not elevated. From these results, we concluded that encephalopathy in this patient was raised by an allergic reaction of the brain tissue to M. pneumoniae antigen. Until now, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis accompanied with M. pneumoniae infection has been reported by many investigators, but reports on encephalopathy due to M. pneumoniae are few. Therefore, we reported herein a case of encephalopathy following Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with several references.
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PMID:[A case of encephalopathy accompanying Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in an adult]. 832 Apr 69

Cryptococcosis, a potentially fatal pulmonary infection, rarely occurs in advanced form in immunocompetent individuals. Radiographic findings are variable and include single and multiple mass-like infiltrates, nodules, and segmental infiltrates. MRI manifestations of pulmonary cryptococcosis have not been reported previously. We have compared MRI, CT, and plain film radiographic findings in a case of multisegmental cryptococcal pneumonia occurring as a mass simulating carcinoma in an immunocompetent individual; we have also discussed the differential radiographic evaluation of pulmonary cryptococcosis.
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PMID:Cryptococcal pneumonia occurring as an infiltrative mass simulating carcinoma in an immunocompetent host: plain film, CT, and MRI findings. 846 25

A rare case of spinal cord injury at C3 level associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation is reported. A 33 year old male was admitted with a complaint of walking difficulty. MRI revealed cerebellar herniation, and a plain X-ray showed spinous process adhesion of C2-3 and slight scoliosis. Percent vital capacity was reduced to 69%, and blood cell count showed a slight anemia. The patient was anesthetized for an orthopedic surgery with pethidine 70 mg, thiamylal 200 mg, 60% nitrous oxide, 40% oxide, and 0.5-1.2% isoflurane. There was a mild decrease in arterial blood pressure during surgical procedures, but this could be easily treated by fluid therapy, and there was no episode of autonomic hyperreflexia. Postoperative course of the patient was uneventful, except a transient pneumonia and urinary tract infection. The key in the anesthetic management of Arnold-Chiari malformation with spinal cord injury is the control of intracranial pressure, care for respiratory dysfunction and the prevention of infection as well as autonomic hyperreflexia.
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PMID:[The anesthetic management of Arnold-Chiari malformation with spinal cord injury]. 846 88

We report a 24-year-old man who presented unilateral multiple cranial nerve involvements followed by progressive paraplegia. The patient expired after developing DIC and pneumonia. Post-mortem examination revealed Ewing's sarcoma originated in the pubic bone with extensive metastases including the clivus which was responsible for his cranial nerve lesions. The patient was well until 24 years of age when he noted an onset of pain and a mass in the pubic region. The histology of the biopsy specimen of the tumor suggested Ewing's sarcoma. He was treated with chemotherapy and local radiation. A year after, he noted an onset of nuchal pain, difficulty in tongue movement, dysarthria, deafness in the left ear, and diplopia. On admission to our hospital in July 1990, neurological examination revealed an alert and intelligent Japanese male in no acute distress. The olfactory to the trigeminal nerves appeared intact. He showed complete abducens nerve palsy, facial weakness, mild deafness, and weakness of the soft palate, the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the tongue, all on the left side. The remainder of the neurological examination was unremarkable except for dysesthesia along the left C8 and Th1 dermatoms. Radiological examination revealed a 10 x 10 cm sclerotic mass in the public bone and a high signal mass lesion between the clivus and the pons in the T2-weighted MRI. His clinical course was complicated by acute paraplegia with anesthesia below the Th4 dermatom, DIC, and respiratory distress due to plural effusion. Post-mortem examination revealed a necrotic and hemorrhagic tumor in the pubic bone. The histology was consistent with Ewing's sarcoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A 24-year-old man presenting Garcin syndrome and paraplegia]. 847 71


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