Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study covered 127 new-onset pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 18-30 years. Disseminated, focal, and infiltrative tuberculosis were found in 10.2, 22, 46.5, respectively and caseous pneumonia were present in 21.3%. Lung cavities were detectable in 92 patients and bacterial excretion was in 90% patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains susceptible to all anti-tuberculous drugs were revealed in 10% of cases; monoresistant, polyresistant, and multidrug resistant strains were found in 6.7, 34.4, and 48.9%, respectively. Chemotherapy was performed in accordance with Order No. 109 issued by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on March 21, 2003. Following 12 months of therapy, sustained cessation of bacterial excretion and closure of lung cavity could be achieved in 49.6% of the patients and a decelerated trend in the specific process with the a high proportion of progressive tuberculosis was noted in 50.3%. Immunogenetic studies have shown a positive correlation of HLA-B27, Cw4, and the specificity of HLA-DRB1*13 with the extent of the tuberculous process and the severity of lung tissue damages. If a patient with tuberculosis had these genetic markers, the specific process could reliably take a severer form, with the involvement of 1 lobe or more in both lungs and with cavitation. In addition, HLA-17 and the specificity of HLA-DRB1*15 were, on the contrary, associated with the milder course of tuberculosis and the less extent of the specific process.
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PMID:[The specific features of the course of pulmonary tuberculosis in young Tuvinians in relation to some antigens of the HLA complex]. 2009 74

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is a potent superantigen produced by Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to menstrual and nonmenstrual toxic shock syndromes, TSST-1 is also implicated in the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia, infective endocarditis, neonatal exanthematous disease, and atopic dermatitis among others. Superantigens first bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and then activate a large proportion of T cells by cross-linking their T cell receptor. As binding to MHC class II molecules is a critical step in the robust activation of the immune system by TSST-1 and other superantigens, polymorphic variations between different HLA-DR alleles could potentially influence the magnitude of immune activation and immunopathology caused by TSST-1. As TSST-1 is highly toxic to humans and given that multiple variations of alleles of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ are expressed in each individual, it is difficult to determine how HLA-DR polymorphisms quantitatively and qualitatively impact immune activation caused by TSST-1 in humans. However, such investigations can be conducted on transgenic mice lacking all endogenous MHC class II molecules and expressing specific HLA class II alleles. Therefore, transgenic mice expressing different HLA-DRB1 alleles (HLA-DRB1*15:01, HLA-DRB1*15:02, HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*04:01), and sharing HLA-A1*01:01 chain, were systemically challenged with purified TSST-1 and multiple immune parameters were assessed. Among the HLA-DR alleles, mice expressing HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele elicited a significantly higher serum cytokine/chemokine response; greater splenic T cell expansion and most severe organ pathology. Our study highlights the potential utility of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mice in understanding the impact of HLA polymorphisms on the outcomes of diseases caused by TSST-1 and other superantigens.
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PMID:HLA-DR polymorphisms influence in vivo responses to staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in a transgenic mouse model. 2786 61