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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasmid DNA from an avian strain of Chlamydia psittaci was purified and estimated to be 7.9 kb in size using restriction endonuclease analysis. A 5.9 kb fragment of this plasmid was cloned, mapped and used to screen a range of chlamydial strains. Hybridizing DNA was absent from ovine abortion and arthritis isolates and also from the Cal 10 strain but related sequences were detected in C. psittaci strains of feline pneumonitis, guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis, ovine conjunctivitis and C. trachomatis serovar L2. The plasmid DNA from the feline strain was shown to have a distinct restriction endonuclease profile. Similar plasmid sequences were detected in all avian isolates tested: thus the clone may have a useful diagnostic role for the detection of the pathogen in its natural host and in zoonotic episodes.
J Gen Microbiol 1988 Mar
PMID:Distribution of plasmid sequences in avian and mammalian strains of Chlamydia psittaci. 318 16

The protease inhibitor leupeptin prevented multiple step replication of an influenza virus (A/swine/1976/31, H1N1) mediated by staphylococcal proteases. It also suppressed virus replication and development of fatal pneumonia in mice co-infected with the virus and Staphylococcus aureus.
J Gen Virol 1987 Jul
PMID:Inhibitory effect of a protease inhibitor, leupeptin, on the development of influenza pneumonia, mediated by concomitant bacteria. 329 42

More than 75% of a random sample of adult human sera exhibited moderate to high murine pneumonia virus (PVM)-neutralizing activity. There was no correlation between PVM-neutralizing activity and respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza type 3 virus-neutralizing activities of the same sera. In children the proportion of sera with moderate to high titres increased with age, indicating early exposure to infection. Seroconversion (i.e. greater than fourfold increase in titre) was observed in four of 108 paired samples of previously undiagnosed respiratory infections. These observations suggest that the human population is frequently exposed to infection with PVM or an antigenically related virus. The sera of patients suffering from Paget's disease of bone tended to exhibit higher than normal PVM-neutralizing titres in comparison with the sera of patients with other bone diseases. Thus, PVM (or an antigenically related virus) resembles some other parainfluenza viruses in being circumstantially associated with Paget's disease of bone.
J Gen Virol 1986 Jun
PMID:Murine pneumonia virus: seroepidemiological evidence of widespread human infection. 371 66

Of 543 patients with organic mental disorders hospitalized at the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital, Iowa City, during a ten-year period, 87 died. This mortality was significant based on a control population. Patients of all ages were at risk for early death, especially those younger than 40 years. Risk was greatest during the first two years of follow-up; thereafter the observed death rate approached the expected rate. Patients were at special risk for death from "natural" causes, particularly cancer and heart disease among women, and influenza or pneumonia or "other" natural causes among men. During the first two years of follow-up, men were also at risk for death from accidents or suicide. Women with alcohol- and drug-related psychoses were at risk for death early in follow-up, but the diagnosis was not associated with risk from "unnatural death" in either sex.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985 Jan
PMID:The Iowa record-linkage study. II. Excess mortality among patients with organic mental disorders. 396 55

Superprecipitation (SP) of artificial actomyosin, obtained by hybridization of Straub actin from the human myocardium with myosin of normal animal hearts was studied. Actin was prepared from the myocardium of persons who died of congestive heart failure and various non-cardiac diseases, as well as of infants whose death resulted from toxic pneumonia complicated or not with heart failure. It was shown that, in the control hybrid actomyosin, the substitution of normal Straub actin by that from the failing heart resulted in decrease of both the rate and extent of SP. The conclusion was made that both changes in myosin properties and Straub actin underlie the reduced contractility of the myofibrillar protein system in acute and congestive heart failure.
Gen Physiol Biophys 1985 Aug
PMID:Superprecipitation of hybrid actomyosin containing pathologic actin from failing hearts of adults and infants. 402 5

Ovine and caprine lentiviruses share the capacity to induce slowly progressive and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (leukoencephalitis or visna), lungs (progressive pneumonia or maedi), and joints (arthritis) in their natural hosts. Studies on their replication indicated that ovine lentiviruses and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) recently isolated in the United States establish persistent infection in ovine and caprine fibroblasts, whereas older prototype ovine lentiviruses such as Icelandic visna virus or American progressive pneumonia virus irreversibly lyse fibroblast cultures. Since all of the recent isolates were found to be persistent, Narayan et al. (J. Gen. Virol. 59:345-356, 1982) concluded that the highly lytic viruses were only tissue-culture-adapted strains. In the present report, we isolated new ovine lentiviruses from French sheep with naturally occurring progressive pneumonia which are either highly lytic (five isolates), as are the Icelandic strains of visna virus, or persistent (one isolate), as are CAEV or American persistent ovine lentiviruses. Protein and nucleic acid content analyses of these new highly lytic (type I) and persistent (type II) isolates indicated that type I and type II ovine lentiviruses were genetically distinct, type I and type II viruses being closely related to the Icelandic strains of visna virus and to CAEV, respectively. We conclude that (i) highly lytic ovine lentiviruses, such as the Icelandic prototype strains of visna virus and persistent lentiviruses more related to CAEV, are naturally present in the ovine species, and (ii) irreversible cell lysis induced by highly lytic viruses does not result from a tissue culture adaptation of field isolates that were originally persistent but is instead the consequence of a genetic content distinct from that of persistent viruses.
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PMID:Highly lytic and persistent lentiviruses naturally present in sheep with progressive pneumonia are genetically distinct. 609 89

The significance of the natural killer (NK) cell response to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection was evaluated in C3H/HeN mice. This strain was selected for study after preliminary demonstration that the NK cell response, occurring between 3 and 6 days post-infection was relatively high in comparison to other mouse strains studied. A dose-response effect of hydrocortisone treatment on suppression of this response was found. A dose of hydrocortisone, given subcutaneously on two successive days, which was found to markedly inhibit the NK cell response, had no effect on development of serum interferon or antibody levels, or spleen cytotoxic T cell activity under the conditions studied. Suppression of the NK cell response by this treatment, however, was accompanied by enhanced spleen and pulmonary virus replication in vivo and increased susceptibility of mice to lethal infection. MCMV interstitial pneumonitis was characterized histologically and lung lymphocytes studied at 4 days post-infection were found to have increased NK cell activity. Treatment of mice with hydrocortisone was found to inhibit development of gross and histological evidence of pneumonitis. These findings indicate that NK cells are involved in the pathogenesis of MCMV interstitial pneumonitis and may function early in infection to restrict the extent of virus replication.
J Gen Virol 1982 Jan
PMID:Involvement of natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis and the immune response to infection. 629 42

Protein subunit vaccines were prepared from a mixture of the haemagglutinin (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of parainfluenza type 3 virus (PI-3). The glycoproteins were isolated in three different forms and characterized by their sedimentation coefficients: 30S protein micelles (a complex of several HN and F glycoproteins devoid of detergent and lipid), 18S protein-TX complexes (a complex of several glycoproteins containing the detergent Triton X-100), and 4S protein-TX complexes (probably monomers of the glycoproteins complexed to Triton X-100). These preparations were tested as vaccines in mice and lambs. The immune response in the mice was assayed both in the serum and in extracts from the lungs using an ELISA technique. Both of the multimeric complexes were highly immunogenic. The 30S protein micelles induced a high antibody response after two injections with either 10 or 1 microgram protein. The serum IgG titres reached levels of about 90 micrograms/ml and 40 micrograms/ml respectively. Similar titres were reached with the 18S protein-TX complexes. After two injections of either the 30S or the 18S complexes IgA antibody responses were detected in the lung extracts. The 4S protein-TX complexes were poor immunogens and induced low antibody responses in mice. The lambs were vaccinated with the 30S protein micelles, and the immune response was evaluated serologically and in challenge experiments. The 30S protein micelles in an oil adjuvant induced detectable serum antibody titres as well as protective immunity against the pneumonia caused by the PI-3 virus.
J Gen Virol 1983 Jul
PMID:Protein subunit vaccines of parainfluenza type 3 virus: immunogenic effect in lambs and mice. 630 52

Previous research has indicated that schizophrenics are particularly likely to have been born during the winter months. In the present investigation, we studied the relationships of this birth-seasonality effect to year-to-year variations in the incidences of eight seasonal diseases and climatological temperature extremes in 3,246 schizophrenics. The winter birth-seasonality effect was greater in the years directly following those marked by high levels of infectious disorders than in years directly following those with low incidences of these diseases. Winter diseases (particularly diphtheria, pneumonia, and influenza) appeared to be more involved than others. These effects appeared among unmarried (presumably severe) schizophrenics but not among married patients, suggesting that the relationship is specific to process schizophrenia. The fact that most of the significant and near-significant relationships paired strength of birth seasonality to previous-year disease incidences suggested a prenatal rather than postnatal effect. Birth seasonality did not vary with winter or summer temperature extremes.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984 Jan
PMID:Schizophrenic birth seasonality in relation to the incidence of infectious diseases and temperature extremes. 669 87

A synthetic derivative of muramoyl dipeptide, 6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine [L18-MDP(A)], showed a protective effect against bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in immunosuppressed guinea pigs. In about half of the animals treated with the compound before infection, death from bacteraemic pneumonia produced by intratracheal inoculation of P. aeruginosa was delayed for 7 d, although all of the animals infected without prior treatment with the compound died within 4 d of infection. Multiplication of the organisms in the lung was also suppressed for at least 10 d by treatment with the compound when the animals inhaled an aerosol of P. aeruginosa. In contrast, in untreated animals the numbers of bacteria in the lung gradually increased from 10(6) to 10(9) c.f.u. g-1, and a few animals in which the organism increased to 10(9) c.f.u. g-1 had died by 6 and 10 d after infection. In both healthy and immunosuppressed animals, the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in a subcutaneous air-pouch injected with heat-killed organisms was augmented by subcutaneous treatment with L18-MDP(A) 1 d before bacterial injection. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal PMNs was also increased by treatment with this compound. The augmentation of protective mechanisms against pseudomonas pneumonia by L18-MDP(A) may be attributed at least partly to the increased chemotactic and phagocytic activity of PMNs.
J Gen Microbiol 1982 Oct
PMID:Enhancement of non-specific resistance to Pseudomonas pneumonia by a synthetic derivative of muramoyl dipeptide in immunosuppressed guinea pigs. 715 54


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