Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clindamycin-2-phosphate (7(S)-chloro-7-deoxylincomycin-2-phosphate) is a new semi-synthetic antibiotic. It is recognized that the drug itself is inactive against bacteria in vitro but it is hydrolyzed rapidly to active clindamycin, drug intramuscular or intravenous administration. Clindamycin-2-phosphate was administrated intravenously to seven patients with infections, except one intramuscularly, 300 approximately 600 mg, every 8 or 12 hours a day, for 2 approximately 12 days. Three patients (1 bacterial pneumonia, 1 chronic bronchitis and 1 urinary tract infection due to E. coli) recovered from their infection; one patient (bacterial infection in bronchiectasis) partially responded; and three patients (1 urinary tract infection due to E. coli, 1 pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and 1 patient with mycoplasmal pneumonia and acute biliary tract infection) failed to respond to the drug. No remarkable side effect was noted except pain at intramuscular injection site in one patient.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of clindamycin-2-phosphate in infectious diseases (author's transl)]. 32 Mar 61

The Western blot assay was performed to characterize antibodies to the transmembrane glycoprotein (TGP) of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) by using glutathione-S-transferase-TGP (GST-TGP) protein. The GST-TGP protein was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and was highly immunoreactive in the Western blot assay. This assay detected antibodies in 97% (103/106) of the sera from agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) positive OPP animals. Like human AIDS patients, antibodies to TGP appear to be one of the major serological markers in OPP infected animals.
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PMID:Detection of antibodies to ovine lentivirus using a recombinant antigen derived from the env gene. 131 72

We conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and clinical application of cefpirome (CPR) in children. 1. A single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CPR was given to a two-month-old boy, and the concentration of the drug in the blood was measured. Fifteen minutes after administration, the concentration was 53.3 micrograms/ml, and it gradually decreased thereafter, reaching a level of 5.18 micrograms/ml after 8 hours with a half-life in the plasma of 2.36 hours. 2. A single intravenous injection of 700 mg (50 mg/kg) of CPR and that of cefotaxime (CTX) were given to a girl with suppurative meningitis (3 years old, 14 kg, causative bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae), and concentrations of the drugs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after 1 hour were measured. On the second day of illness, the concentration of CTX in the plasma was 39.4 micrograms/ml and the concentration of desacetyl-CTX (D-CTX) was 25.2 micrograms/ml, while concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were 6.22 micrograms/ml (15.8%) for CTX and 3.94 micrograms/ml (15.6%) for D-CTX. On the third day of illness, concentration of CPR in the plasma was 59.3 micrograms/ml, while its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was 7.44 micrograms/ml (12.5%). 3. CPR was intravenously administered in daily dosages of 37.7-75.0 mg/kg in 2-3 portions for periods of 4-15 days to 2 patients with septicemia (causative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1 case and Escherichia coli in the other), 1 patient with bronchitis (K. pneumoniae), 9 patients with pneumonia (1 case of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 cases of H. influenzae, 2 cases of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 case of K. pneumoniae + Pseudomonas cepacia, 2 cases of H. influenzae + Branhamella catarrhalis), 2 patients with cellulitis (1 case of S. aureus, 1 case, causative agent unknown), 1 patient with suppurative lymphadenitis (causative agent, unknown), 1 patient with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 patient with renal abscess (causative agent, unknown), and 1 patient with a urinary tract infection (E. coli), for a total of 18 patients, with excellent results in 9 cases and good results in 9 cases, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 4. As an accompanying side-effect, eruption was observed in 1 of the 18 patients, but when administration was discontinued, the symptom gradually receded, and it disappeared by the 4th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field]. 182 75

The effect of intestinal flora on the establishment, development and pathogenicity of Ascaris suum larvae in piglets (Large White breed) was investigated. The infected piglets with Ascaris and Escherichia coli showed signs of pneumonia, cough with respiratory difficulties initially even though these moderated with time. They lost appetite and showed signs of unthriftiness with loss of weight. The packed cell volume was normal but the differential leucocyte counts of the pigs infected with Ascaris larvae and bacteria had high neutrophils, unlike the very high lymphocyte count observed in piglets with ascarids only. The piglets had generalized serous atrophy of body fat. The pericardial and perirenal fats were gelatinous. There was a firm and nodular grey and red hepatization with abscess pockets in the intermediate and anterior one third of the diaphragmatic lobes of the lungs. The liver contained greyish-white and depressed focus immediately dorsal to the area of attachment to the gall bladder with multifocal areas. There was no significant gross lesion in the control animals. Cultural and microscopic examinations of some internal organs of the infected animals showed that bacteria were carried to the lungs by the migrating Ascaris larvae. The combined synergistic effect of Ascaris larvae and E. coli was also investigated and it was concluded that the two agents (A. suum larvae and E. coli) worked together synergistically.
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PMID:Synergistic effect of migrating Ascaris larvae and Escherichia coli in piglets. 265 46

A combination drug of imipenem (MK-0787), a new carbapenem antibiotic, and cilastatin sodium (MK-0791) at a ratio of 1:1 was used to treat infections in 8 children, and the concentrations of MK-0787 were determined in plasma, urine and pus of 1 patient and in cerebrospinal fluid of another patient. Eight patients, aged 2 months to 12 years (males: 3, females: 5), were treated with MK-0787/MK-0791. They consisted of 3 with urinary tract infections (causative organisms: E. coli, K. oxytoca plus E. faecalis, and unknown), and 1 patient each with pneumonia (H. influenzae), enteritis (Salmonella C1), cellulitis (S. aureus), purulent lymphadenitis (unknown) and purulent meningitis (E. coli). The dose, ranging from 7.4 mg/7.4 mg/kg to 11.8 mg/11.8 mg/kg, 3 or 4 times daily, was administered by a 30-minute or 60-minute intravenous drip infusion for 5 to 11 days. To the patient with purulent meningitis, however, 25.85 mg/25.85 mg/kg on the 1st day and 12.9 mg/12.9 mg/kg from the 2nd day were administered 4 times daily. Clinical responses in urinary tract infections were excellent in 2 and good in 1, and responses in pneumonia, enteritis, cellulitis, purulent lymphadenitis and purulent meningitis were excellent, good, good, excellent and poor, respectively. The efficacy rate in a total of 8 patients was 87.5%. As adverse reactions, a rash was observed in one patient and a convulsion in another. The rash disappeared after discontinuation of the administration of the drug and the convulsion stopped after a reduction of the dosage. As abnormal laboratory findings, slight prolongation of the prothrombin time was observed in 1 patient, but no bleeding tendency was noted. When MK-0787/MK-0791 (500 mg/500 mg, or 8.7 mg/8.7 mg/kg) was given by a 60-minute intravenous drip infusion to a 12-year-old boy with cellulitis, the peak plasma concentration of MK-0787 was 31.4 micrograms/ml occurring at the end of the infusion, and then the concentration decreased to 13.9 micrograms/ml in 0.5 hour, 8.9 micrograms/ml in 1 hour, 2.8 micrograms/ml in 2 hours, 0.63 microgram/ml in 4 hours and 0.14 microgram/ml in 6 hours. The half-life was 0.83 hour. These plasma levels provided concentrations exceeding MIC90's against major infective bacteria for 2 hours. The urinary recovery in the first 7 hours was 75.0%, and the urinary concentration was greater than 100 micrograms/ml for 5 to 7 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of pediatrics]. 294 41

Three strains of Escherichia coli with a common surface antigen, 31a, capable of adhering to calf enterocytes in vitro were compared to reference strains of septicaemic E. coli (RVC 330 and vir E. coli). The surface antigen 31a was present in the RVC 330 reference strain. E. coli vir had a surface antigen which was not present in E. coli 31a or E. coli RVC 330. The RVC 330 and vir reference strains also adhered to calf enterocytes in vitro. Oral infection of calves not receiving colostrum with E. coli 31a was generally followed by septicaemia and death in less than 48 h. Post-mortem examination revealed pneumonia and oedema of the kidneys and gall bladder. Oral infection of calves receiving colostrum had no effect, but intravenous inoculation produced arthritis within 15 days. The comparison of these results with those previously described by other workers did not lead to the identification of pathognomonic characteristics, which could be clearly correlated with properties specific to E. coli 31a. It is suggested that, like ColV and vir, antigen 31a may be a virulence marker for certain strains of bovine septicaemic E. coli. Furthermore, the 31a antigen appears to be carried on a plasmid.
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PMID:Septicaemic Escherichia coli and experimental infection of calves. 352 4

We investigated the clinical efficiency and safety of ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, for the treatment of various documented bacterial infections in 26 patients (10 females, 16 males) aged 17 to 84 years. Ofloxacin monotherapy was given orally in a dose of 200 mg twice (25) or three times (1) a day. Antibiotic levels and serum bactericidal activity were measured using a microbiological method on the second and sixth days, before and 2 and 6 hours after a single dose. The infectious episode treated was enterocolitis in 7 cases (5 Shigella, 2 Salmonella), Salmonella septicemia in 9 (7 typhoid fevers and 2 Salmonella minor infections), chronic osteoarthritis in 3 (1 E. coli, 2 S. aureus + P. aeruginosa), a soft tissue infection in 3 (2 S. aureus, 1 E. coli), acute pleuropneumonia in 2 (2 Klebsiella pneumoniae), pyelonephritis with bacteremia in 1 (Klebsiella pneumoniae), and pneumococcal pneumonia with septicemia in 1. Mean duration of therapy was ten days for 23 patients (range 7 to 30 days). The three patients with osteoarthritis were treated for 35, 95 and 270 days respectively. 24 patients recovered free of sequelae or germ carriage. Treatment failed in 1 case of chronic osteitis (S. aureus + P. aeruginosa) and in 1 staphylococcal soft tissue infection. No adverse reactions were observed except a slight increase in transaminases in 3 patients. Peak and through serum ofloxacin levels were 3.70 micrograms/ml and 0.95 micrograms/ml respectively on the second day and 3.25 micrograms/ml and 0.80 microgram/ml respectively on the sixth day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Evaluation of the use of ofloxacin in the treatment of various infections]. 353 24

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new injectable cephalosporin, was used in 12 pediatric patients with infections. The following is a summary of the results: The 12 cases included 3 cases of tonsillitis (pathogen: Haemophilus parainfluenzae in 1 case, Haemophilus influenzae in 2 cases), 4 cases of pneumonia (Staphylococcus aureus in 1 case, pathogen unknown in 3 cases), 2 cases of nephropyelitis (Escherichia coli in 2 cases), 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis (pathogen unknown), 1 case of purulent thyroiditis (mixed infection of Streptococcus milleri, Haemophilus aphrophilus and anaerobes), and 1 case of vulvar abscess (E. coli). Dose levels of CZON were 42.9 approximately 93.3 mg/kg/day divided into 3 or 4 times and the drug was intravenously injected for 6 to 12 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 4 cases, good in 5 cases, and poor in 3 cases, with the efficacy rate of 75.0%. The 3 cases with poor efficacy consisted of 1 case each of pneumonia complicated with chronic granulomatosis, purulent thyroiditis associated with piriform recess fistula, and purulent lymphadenitis of armpit developed after surgical operation of congenital heart disease. In the first 2 cases satisfactory efficacy was not obtained by chemotherapy alone, and complete cure was seen after surgical operation. Side effects were not observed clinically. One case each of slight prolongation of prothrombin time and transient elevations of GOT and GPT values were noted but no severe abnormalities were found in laboratory tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in pediatrics]. 359 92

A clinical and laboratory evaluation and a blood level studied on aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new injectable penicillin derivative; the following results were obtained. ASPC was intravenously administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 83.3 to 111.9 mg/kg to 5 patients (1 case of lacunar tonsillitis caused by H. influenzae, 3 cases of pneumonia caused by H. influenzae, 1 case of pneumonia caused by E. coli). As the results, a global effect were excellent in 3 cases and good in 2 cases. The overall efficacy ratio was 100%. All isolated organisms were eradicated, excluding the only case of pneumonia due to H. influenzae infection. No side effects were found in any of the 7 patients including 2 patients who were dropped out the efficacy evaluation because of Mycoplasma pneumonia. Laboratory findings showed a slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2 cases and temporary eosinophilia in 1 case. Blood level of ASPC in 2 cases after 10 mg/kg administration by intravenous injection was 28.5 or 35.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 14.3 or 20.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 6.1 or 8.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.3 or 3.02 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. The half-life was 0.81 or 1.01 hours, respectively. Judging from the results of this blood level and the MIC of ASPC against clinically isolated organisms, good efficacy will be obtained to pediatric infections by the sensitive strains, if it is given 10 mg/kg to mild patients or 20 mg/kg to moderate or severe patients in 3 or 4 divided dose at a daily dosage.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of aspoxicillin in pediatrics]. 406 24

Cefpiramide (CPM) was given to 4 patients with respiratory tract infection (H. influenzae 3 cases, P. aeruginosa 1 case), 1 patient with enteritis (enteropathogenic E. coli) and 1 patient with sepsis (E. cloacae). Bacteriological eradication was observed in 5 cases (83.3%), and clinical effectiveness was 66.7%. Serum concentration of CPM at a dose of 15 mg/kg after intravenous drip-infusion for 30 minutes was 105 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion and 67 micrograms/ml at 1 hour. Bacteriological eradication by the administration of CPM was rapidly occurred in 3 strains of H. influenzae including 1 strain of beta-lactamase producing ABPC-resistant one, and 1 strain of P. aeruginosa in the sputum. One patient aged 2 years and 5 months with pneumonia was cured by the treatment of CPM as an outpatient. No side effects were observed except 1 case of vascular pain. It was concluded that CPM is a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in 6 cases of infection in children]. 665 37


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