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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hematological and clinicochemical profiles of healthy swine and swine with inflammatory processes were investigated. Blood was collected at slaughter and postmortem examination was performed to select healthy swine and swine with pleuritis, pneumonia or abscesses. In healthy swine, the values of several variables revealed significant differences between gilts, barrows and boars. This was caused predominantly by the values obtained for boars. Inflammatory processes altered the values of most variables investigated, particularly for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and hematocrit, for the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and for concentrations of iron, phosphate, albumin and fibrinogen in plasma. Compared with healthy swine, differences were largest for swine with metastatic abscesses and swine with both abscesses and other pathological lesions; differences were less pronounced in swine with solitary abscesses and were minor in swine with pneumonia and swine with pleuritis. Porcine hematological and clinicochemical profiles reflect the degree of inflammation.
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PMID:Hematological and clinicochemical profiles of healthy swine and swine with inflammatory processes. 230 94

A 41-year-old female, who had been diagnosed as having paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in 1985, was admitted to our hospital with cough, fever, diarrhea, vomiting and palpitation in April 1988. The chest X-ray showed pneumonia in her right lung. In the peripheral blood, red blood cell count was 1.64 x 10(6)/microliters, hemoglobin 4.7 g/dl and reticulocytes 19%. The levels of serum LDH, indirect bilirubin and creatinine were high. Pneumonia improved by the administration of antibiotics, however, anemia and renal failure deteriorated. After washed red blood cell transfusions totalling 2,000 ml and six times of hemodialysis, renal function returned to normal. This patient with PNH appeared to have developed acute renal failure by dehydration and hemolytic crisis due to pneumonia.
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PMID:[Acute renal failure following dehydration and hemolytic crisis due to pneumonia in a case of PNH]. 232 82

Mortality and hospitalization rates for pneumonia have increased among older Americans during recent years (1979-86), despite a national commitment to the reduction of premature deaths from pneumonia. A prospective study of deaths and hospitalizations attributable to pneumonia was conducted among 5,474 subjects ages 55 and older who participated in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study. Prevalent chronic conditions, health behaviors, and nutritional status indicators, measured at baseline, were examined in relation to pneumonia hospitalization and death during 12 years of followup. Mortality and hospitalization rates for pneumonia were higher among men than women, and higher among those ages 65 and older than among those 55-64 of both sexes. Risk of pneumonia death was higher among subjects with a history of congestive heart failure, stroke, cancer, or diabetes. Risk of pneumonia hospitalization was higher among subjects with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and among men who were current smokers. Daily alcohol consumption did not increase risk of pneumonia in this study population. Four measures of nutritional status were examined taking age, prevalent chronic conditions, and cigarette smoking into account: body mass index, arm muscle area, and serum albumin and hemoglobin levels. Risk of pneumonia death was 2.6 times higher in men in the lowest quartile, compared with men in the highest quartile, of body mass index. Similarly, the risk was 4.5 times higher among men in the lowest quartile of arm muscle area. Risk of death from pneumonia was 3.6 times higher among women in the lowest quartile of serum albumin levels compared with women in the highest quartile. Relative risks for these nutritional status indicators remained elevated after adjusting for age and the medical history risk factors. These risk factors should be taken into account when designing and evaluating pneumonia vaccination trials and community prevention programs.
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PMID:Prospective study of pneumonia hospitalizations and mortality of U.S. older people: the role of chronic conditions, health behaviors, and nutritional status. 250 6

The pattern of initial clinical symptoms and signs developing in a representative sample of 305 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease diagnosed at birth was analyzed. Specific symptoms were present by age 6 months in 6% of the group, and had developed by the first to eighth birthdays in 32%, 61%, 78%, 86%, 90%, 92%, 94%, and 96%, respectively. Inclusion of nonspecific symptoms in the analysis led to earlier recognition by a mean of 3 months in the first year and by a mean of approximately 1 year between the ages of 2 and 4 years. Dactylitis was the most common initial symptom, noted in 40% of the group overall and in 50% in the first 2 years. Painful crisis was the first symptom in more than one fourth of the patients and was the most frequent symptom after the age of 2 years. Acute splenic sequestration led to presentation in one-fifth of the group overall and in one third of patients younger than 2 years. The most common nonspecific symptom was pneumonia. There was a significant trend of earlier presentation in children with low fetal hemoglobin levels. The age at presentation did not appear to be affected by alpha-thalassemia status.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of homozygous sickle cell disease. 258 6

In summary, HAPE is a potentially fatal form of noncardiogenic PE seen in a small number of individuals visiting above 9,000 ft in elevation. The pathophysiology is uncertain but is probably due, at least in part, to hydrostatic and capillary permeability abnormalities of the pulmonary vascular bed in response to hypobaric hypoxia. A subclinical form above 14,000 ft is common (15% to 23% incidence), but the incidence of HAPE itself is unclear. Possible risk factors include rapid ascent, strenuous activity on arrival, reascent to altitude by highlanders after a short stay lower, previous HAPE, cold, respiratory tract infections, sedation, youth, and the peripheral edema of AMS. Clinical presentation is similar to that of pneumonia: tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, cough, fever, and chest discomfort. Symptoms often worsen with sleep. WBC count is usually elevated, and arterial blood gases reveal a respiratory alkalosis and an alarmingly low hemoglobin saturation. Chest radiographs reveal bilateral patchy infiltrates. Radiographic findings are dissimilar to those from cardiogenic PE. Differential diagnosis includes pneumonia, PE and HAB. Treatment modalities include early descent, bed rest, oxygen therapy, and EPAP. Mortalities range from 4% to 27% depending on the rapidity of descent and evacuation.
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PMID:High-altitude pulmonary edema: a collective review. 266 Aug 18

A spontaneous complete remission of 5 month's duration was observed in a 70 year-old man with acute myeloblastic leukemia complicated with severe pneumonia. The remission occurred after severe pancytopenia. He was treated only with antibiotics and blood transfusions. On admission, the leukocyte count was 6.4 x 10(3)/microliters with 98% myeloblasts. The hemoglobin level was 9.9 g/dl and platelet count was 1.5 x 10(4)/microliters. Marrow aspirate was hypercellular with 98.5% myeloblasts, which weakly showed Ia like antigen and myeloid related antigen. On relapse after five weeks' complete remission, leukemic cells were more immature, peroxidase negative and showed no surface markers. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected. During remission induction therapy he died of severe bacterial and fungal sepsis. Such cases of spontaneous complete remission have been rarely reported, previous adult cases were summarized and the role of etiologic factors were discussed.
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PMID:[Spontaneous complete remission in a 70 year-old man with acute myeloblastic leukemia with severe pneumonia]. 268 8

Sixty-nine children with beta-thalassemia/E disease, hemoglobin H disease and beta-thalassemia major who were followed for at least 2 years before and after splenectomy were studied retrospectively for the results of the splenectomy. It was found that. 1. The hematocrit increased significantly in beta-thalassemia/E from 18 to 22 per cent, in hemoglobin H disease from 21 to 34 per cent and in beta-thalassemia major from 14-15 to 18-19 per cent. 2. The requirement of blood transfusions per year decreased significantly from 6 to 2 times in beta-thalassemia/E, 10 to 4-5 times in beta-thalassemia major and no transfusion was needed in hemoglobin H disease. 3. Postoperatively, there was a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in the liver size by the third year in beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease, and in the first year in beta-thalassemia major but the liver-size was decreased significantly by the fourth year in hemoglobin H disease. 4. Within 2 years postoperatively, the growth velocity in height kept up with their presplenectomy period in hemoglobin H and beta-thalassemia major (except two cases). The growth in weight kept up with their presplenectomy period in 40/49 cases (81.63%) in beta-thalassemia/Hb E but there was no change in the weight velocity in hemoglobin H and beta-thalassemia major. 5. There were 5 cases with immediate postoperative complications. Three cases had pneumonia, one case had septicaemia and one case had bleeding at the operative wound. Episodes of URI decreased in the post-operative period. Five cases of bacteremia developed within 6 years post-splenectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Results of the splenectomy in children with thalassemia. 273 35

The effect of preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on morbidity and mortality was studied in medical records of discharged surgical patients. Patients were classified into two groups on the basis of their ability to meet established criteria for malnutrition and the use of preoperative or postoperative TPN. The control group consisted of 44 patients who received TPN only after surgery or for less than 5 days preoperatively. The experimental group consisted of 26 patients who received treatment for at least 5 days before surgery and/or after surgery. Nutrition parameters measured included serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, weight, and percent weight loss. Major septic complications (MSC) considered were intra-abdominal sepsis, wound dehiscence, septicemia, and pneumonia. Other complications included respiratory failure, congestive heart failure, fistulas, urinary tract infection, shock, and death. The experimental group showed improvements after surgery in the nutritional parameters listed and had a lower incidence of morbidity and mortality. Deficits in serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, and weight losses greater than or equal to 10% have been significantly (p less than .01) linked to the incidence of MSC. MSC also has been more frequently noted among patients who did not have TPN prior to surgery and who died following surgery. Therefore, preoperative TPN does appear to make a difference in the outcome of surgery.
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PMID:The effect of preoperative total parenteral nutrition on surgery outcomes. 311 53

Holstein calves were managed from less than 1 wk of age as in the special-fed veal industry but subjected to three dietary regimens (n = 10/group): low dietary iron (LI = approximately 5 mg iron/kg dry milk replacer) throughout 16 wk; 2) high then low dietary iron (H-LI = 140 mg/kg through d 18, then approximately 5 mg/kg through wk 16; a typical industrial scheme) or 3) high dietary iron (HI = approximately 105 mg/kg throughout the study). Several physiologic, behavioral and health indicators of welfare were monitored at various times. From wk 7 on, blood hemoglobin concentration was higher in HI calves than in LI, whereas that in H-LI calves was intermediate. Blood red cell count was higher in HI calves than in LI from wk 11 to 16, and was higher in HI than in H-LI from wk 14 to 16. Ratio of blood segmented neutrophils to lymphocytes (an indicator of stress) did not differ due to dietary regimen. Between wk 2 and 16, lying time increased from 69.5 to 76.6% of total time. Oral behaviors (e.g., licking and gnawing) occupied less than 15% of total time. Dietary regimen did not affect time spent either lying or engaging in oral behaviors. Calves in all dietary-regimen and slaughter-age groups experienced high frequencies of pneumonia, digestive-tract maladies and trichobezoars, but neither disease nor medical-treatment frequency was related to dietary regimen. Live, hot-dressed carcass and liver weights of the five calves/group slaughtered at 16 wk were not affected by dietary regimens, but carcass grade was highest for LI calves and lowest for HI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Some indicators of welfare of crated veal calves on three dietary iron regimens. 337 77

Ten parameters, including delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity testing (DCH), were evaluated with regard to their predictive value in instances of postoperative septic complications. In 302 patients undergoing surgical treatment, 45 complications, including wound infection, abscess, pneumonia and sepsis, were seen postoperatively in 42 patients. When these patients were compared with 260 patients without complications, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, serum albumin, total protein, blood sedimentation rate, age and sex were found not to contribute to the prediction of postoperative complications. In DCH testing, the complication rate increased from 7.5 per cent in normergic patients to 20.6 per cent in anergic patients. With increasing length and severity of operation, the complication rate increased from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent and from 6.5 to 31.8 per cent, respectively. Only in severe, long lasting operations could DCH testing differentiate the complication risk. Normergic patients had a 8.6 per cent complication rate; hypoergic patients, 36.6 per cent, and anergic patients, 37.5 per cent. The results of DCH testing did not correlate with the complication rate in any of the other operative groups. In conclusion, the predictive value of DCH testing is clearly greater in groups of patients highly affected by the operative trauma. The results of this study show that it is important to consider both host defense mechanisms and environmental factors in the assessment of operative risks.
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PMID:The predictive role of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity testing in postoperative complications. 371 89


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