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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin 1 secretion from human alveolar macrophages was studied in patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with pneumonitis and compared to secretion from alveolar macrophages of normal volunteers. Macrophages lavaged from the lungs were stimulated with 10 micrograms/ml of lipopolysaccharide and cultured for 24 hr. In some cases macrophages were also stimulated with 1 microgram/ml lipopolysaccharide. After dialysis of the culture supernatants, interleukin 1 secretion was quantified by the thymocyte proliferation assay and probit analysis and expressed in terms of secretion from 1 million macrophages. Results showed that, on average, macrophages derived from patients secreted more interleukin 1 after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide compared to normal subjects. Mean secretion was significantly greater from macrophages of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis when stimulated with 10 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide. Of the 24 individuals studied, spontaneous interleukin 1 secretion was detected from unstimulated macrophages in only 1 patient and 1 normal volunteer. We conclude that alveolar macrophages lavaged from the lungs of patients with inflammatory lung disease have an increased capacity to secrete interleukin 1 on in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Possible mechanisms for this increase are discussed.
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PMID:Interleukin 1 secretion from human alveolar macrophages in lung disease. 348 3

Equine antiserum to core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated in a double-blind prospective study for therapeutic benefit in suspected septicemia in neonatal foals. Forty foals younger than 7 days of age were included in the study by satisfaction of clinical and laboratory criteria, suggestive of gram-negative septicemia. Twenty-two foals were treated with core LPS antiserum (plasma produced from horses which were hyperimmunized with rough gram-negative mutant bacterin) and 18 foals received "nonimmune" plasma (from horses prior to immunization against core LPS). All foals received antimicrobials, fluids, and other supportive care measures, depending on clinical signs and according to accepted current practice. The clinical and laboratory data of each foal were monitored and recorded daily for 14 days after plasma treatment or until death. The overall survival rate of these 40 foals with septicemia was 52.5%. The most prevalent diagnoses in addition to septicemia were enteritis and pneumonia. Of 30 positive bacterial cultures, 93% were due to gram-negative organisms. There was no statistically significant increase in survival rate in the 22 foals given core LPS antiserum (P greater than 0.05).
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PMID:Therapy of suspected septicemia in neonatal foals using plasma-containing antibodies to core lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 350 3

The ability of convalescent serum to passively protect calves against Haemophilus somnus-induced pneumonia was studied. Preimmune and convalescent serum were obtained from calves before or after recovery from experimental chronic H. somnus pneumonia. Passive protection was assessed in another group of calves by intrabronchial inoculation of H. somnus that had been incubated with preimmune or convalescent serum. Each calf was inoculated with each treatment in alternating caudal lung lobes. Twenty-four hours after inoculation almost no pneumonia was present in lungs inoculated with bacteria incubated with convalescent serum, whereas severe pneumonia was present in lungs inoculated with bacteria incubated with preimmune serum. Quantitation of calf pneumonia in both treatment groups indicated a significantly different protective capacity between convalescent serum and preimmune serum (P less than 0.0005). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting of purified H. somnus lipopolysaccharide resulted in intense reactivity with convalescent serum, but no reactivity was detected with preimmune serum. After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of H. somnus outer membrane-enriched fractions, Western blots with convalescent serum gave intense reactions against H. somnus outer membrane antigens with apparent molecular masses of 78 and 40 kilodaltons and weaker reactions with 60-, 34-, 31-, 29-, 18-, and 15-kilodalton outer membrane antigens. No reactivity was detected with preimmune serum. Antibodies eluted from H. somnus after adsorption of convalescent serum reacted almost identically to unadsorbed convalescent serum in Western blots against bacterial outer membrane-enriched fractions. Thus, most of the antigens recognized by convalescent serum are likely to be on the bacterial surface and accessible to antibody. Surface antigens recognized by protective convalescent serum are candidate antigens for a subunit vaccine against H. somnus pneumonia.
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PMID:Protective ability and specificity of convalescent serum from calves with Haemophilus somnus pneumonia. 357 Apr 72

Three immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous infusion were compared in vivo to determine their relative protective capacity against several gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. Polyglobin N is a conventional IgG concentrate. Psomaglobin N is identical in formulation to Polyglobin N but is prepared from the plasma of donors who have naturally high levels of antibody to lipopolysaccharide antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IgGMA is a conventional IgG concentrate containing 12% IgG and 16% IgA. In a murine model of burn wound sepsis the three IgG preparations were similarly protective against three or ten strains of P. aeruginosa. Psomaglobin N and Polyglobin N were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.015) more protective than IgG-MA against six of ten and three of ten strains of P. aeruginosa, respectively. In a murine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 pneumonia, the three Ig preparations were similarly protective. IgG-MA was significantly more protective (p less than or equal to 0.025) than Psomaglobin N and Polyglobin N against Salmonella typhimurium in murine peritonitis. However, the mean protective dose (PD50) of the two later preparations was less than or equal to 20 mg/kg body weight. In models of peritonitis both Psomaglobin N and Polyglobin N were more protective than IgGMA (p less than or equal to 0.004) against Haemophilus influenzae b, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens 06:H3 and group B Streptococcus types 1b and 1c. Psomaglobin N and ciprofloxacin were employed to treat established polymicrobial murine burn wound sepsis resulting from contamination of the burn site with mixtures of P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Psomaglobin N or albumin was given once 16 h after challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevention of gram-negative and gram-positive infections using 3 intravenous immunoglobulin preparations and therapy of experimental polymicrobial burn infection using intravenous Pseudomonas immunoglobulin G and ciprofloxacin in an animal model]. 357 Apr 85

Potassium thiocyanate extracts of a virulent Pasteurella multocida 3:A rabbit isolate were prepared and used as a vaccine in rabbits. The extract contained protein, carbohydrate, hyaluronic acid, lipopolysaccharide, DNA, and RNA. The protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles of the extract were similar to those of the P. multocida cell membrane. Rabbits were vaccinated intranasally (i.n.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) four times at 1- or 3-week intervals and challenged i.n. with the homologous P. multocida 2 weeks after the last vaccination. Rabbits vaccinated with the extract by the i.n. route developed persisting serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and nasal IgA antibodies, whereas rabbits immunized by the i.m. route produced persisting serum IgG and transient nasal IgA antibodies. The extract prevents the death of rabbits which were vaccinated by either route and challenged. Vaccination by the i.n. route in rabbits reduced the numbers of virulent P. multocida in nasal cavities and lungs and the prevalence and severity of rhinitis and pneumonia. These i.n.-vaccinated rabbits were also resistant to virulent P. multocida colonization in liver, spleen, uterus, and tympanic bullae. Similarly, i.m. vaccination in rabbits resulted in a reduction in the severity of rhinitis; the numbers of virulent P. multocida in lungs; and the prevalence of colonization in liver, spleen, uterus, and tympanic bullae. Vaccination by the i.n. route was superior to that by the i.m. route in that there was a significant reduction in the severity of pneumonia and numbers of virulent P. multocida in nasal cavities and lungs. Rabbits vaccinated with the extract without challenge showed no lesions.
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PMID:A potassium thiocyanate extract vaccine prepared from Pasteurella multocida 3:A protects rabbits against homologous challenge. 367 40

Major outer membrane antigens, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), from nontypable Haemophilus influenzae were characterized and examined as targets for complement-dependent human bactericidal antibodies. Outer membranes from two nontypable H. influenzae isolates that caused otitis media and pneumonia (middle ear and transtracheal aspirates) were prepared by shearing organisms in EDTA. These membranes were compared with membranes prepared independently by spheroplasting and lysozyme treatment of whole cells and found to have: similar sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of the proteins; identical densities (rho = 1.22 g/cm3); and minimal d-lactose dehydrogenase activity indicating purity from cytoplasmic membranes. Outer membranes were solubilized in an LPS-disaggregating buffer and proteins were separated from LPS by molecular sieve chromatography. The SDS-PAGE patterns of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from the two strains differed in the major band although other prominent bands appeared similar in molecular weight. LPS prepared by hot phenol water extraction of each of the strains contained 45% (pneumonia isolate) and 60% (otitis isolate) lipid (wt/wt), 49% and 50% carbohydrate (wt/wt), respectively, and less than 1%, 3-deoxy-manno octulosonic acid. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) purified from normal human serum (NHS) plus complement was bactericidal for both strains. Purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from NHS killed the middle ear isolate and immune convalescent IgM from the serum of the patient with pneumonia killed his isolate. NHS or convalescent serum were absorbed with OMPs and LPS (0.6-110 micrograms) from each of the strains and immune specific inhibition of bactericidal antibody activity by each antigen was determined. OMPs from the pulmonary isolate inhibited bactericidal antibody activity directed against the isolate in both NHS (1.5 microgram of antigen) and immune serum (0.75 microgram of antigen). OMPs (60 micrograms) from the ear isolate also inhibited bactericidal activity in the respective immune serum. LPSs exhibited minimal inhibition (greater than 110 micrograms). Three human sera (two normal, one immune) were selectively depleted of 80% of antibody activity against OMPs (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) by affinity chromatography using OMPs from the pulmonary isolate coupled to a solid phase. These OMP antibody-depleted sera also showed an 88% reduction of bactericidal activity against this strain. Immunopurified antibody against OMPs eluted from the solid phase was bactericidal.
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PMID:Characterization of antigens from nontypable Haemophilus influenzae recognized by human bactericidal antibodies. Role of Haemophilus outer membrane proteins. 387 75

By crossed immunoelectrophoresis 36 different anode-migrating antigens were demonstrated in sonicated antigen preparations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We numbered these antigens to establish a reference precipitin pattern. Antigen no. 31 was identified as the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen, because it was found to be responsible for the O-group specificity and because it reacted with anti-LPS monoclonal antibodies and with Limulus amoebocyte lysate. Purified outer membrane proteins F (porin), H2, and I used as antigens formed precipitins with the reference antibodies, thus establishing their antigenicity. LPS that copurified with protein F and slightly contaminated protein H2 was detectable as an extra precipitin (antigen no. 31). The use of monoclonal antibodies specific for smooth LPS and rough LPS revealed different antigenic determinants in the LPS molecule and suggested that antigen no. 5 could be the core region of the LPS which is equivalent to the rough LPS. Antibodies against these outer membrane antigens were detected in patients with chronic P. aeruginosa pneumonia and in patients with acute P. aeruginosa bacteremia. Antibodies with the same specificity were also found in rats chronically infected with P. aeruginosa 7 days postinfection. This demonstrates the surface accessibility and antigenic reactivity of outer membrane antigens.
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PMID:Immunogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane antigens examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. 619 19

Sera from 30 infants with suspected chlamydial pneumonitis were studied by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with three antigens: reticulate bodies (RB), purified major outer membrane protein ( MOMP ) of Chlamydia trachomatis strain L2, and purified lipopolysaccharide from Re mutants of Salmonella (Re LPS), which shows complete cross-reaction with chlamydial glycolipid. The immunofluorescence test (I/RB IFAT), which detected IgM antibodies (titer of greater than or equal to 1:64) in 16 patients whose clinical picture was consistent with chlamydial pneumonitis, was the standard method. EIA measured IgM antibodies to the purified antigens but not to RB; 15 sera were positive with the MOMP antigen and two with the Re LPS antigen. High-titered IgG antibodies were detected by I/RB IFAT in 15 and by MOMP EIA in 13 of the 30 sera. By the RB EIA, 17 sera were positive. The MOMP EIA was thus as sensitive and specific as the I/RB IFAT. Because the EIA can be automated, it would make possible the screening of all children younger than six months of age with respiratory-tract symptoms and IgM antibodies to Chlamydia.
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PMID:Chlamydial pneumonitis and its serodiagnosis in infants. 637 63

Deposition by fiberoptic bronchoscopy of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pasteurella haemolytica (Type 1A) or Escherichia coli (Type 026:B6) into the lungs of sheep elicited a variety of clinical and pathologic reactions. Sheep given P. haemolytica LPS developed a biphasic hematologic response: a marked decline in leukocyte counts in 4 h that was followed in 18 h by a mild leukocytosis. A gradual rise in leukocyte counts was seen in sheep given E. coli LPS. Neutrophil counts gradually increased after deposition with either LPS, but lymphocyte counts fluctuated with the total leukocyte counts. Body temperature remained normal after LPS deposition. A marked increase in total lung lavage cell counts was observed 22 h after LPS deposition. Up to 83% of the lavage cells were neutrophils. Both LPS induced diffuse fibrinopurulent inflammation, edema, hyperemia, and hemorrhage in the lungs. LPS from P. haemolytica also caused foci of necrosis. In contrast, distilled water caused diffuse edema and hyperemia, with a limited number of neutrophils. Deposition of P. haemolytica or E. coli LPS into the lungs of sheep resulted in lesions similar to those reported in animals with an acute pneumonia experimentally induced with gram-negative bacteria.
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PMID:Response of sheep after localized deposition of lipopolysaccharide in the lung. 639 79

An experimental animal model of chronic pseudomonas pneumonia was used to document the production of potential virulence factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the infection. The production of exotoxin A, proteolytic enzymes, and the serotype-specific lipopolysaccharide and slime-layer antigens during the infection was examined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay of serum from infected rats and by indirect immunofluorescence tests of their lung tissue. Rats inoculated intratracheally with purified bacterial exoproducts, delivered alone or in combination, developed pulmonary histopathology similar to that induced by the experimental infection. The results indicate that these exoproducts are produced during the course of the pulmonary infection and suggest that they are involved in the observed lung pathology.
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PMID:Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproducts as pulmonary virulence factors. 640 26


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