Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with hematologic malignancy are susceptible to infection because of the disease process and its treatment. Profoundly granulocytopenic patients are at increased risk of developing Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, often with a fatal outcome. Therapy with one or two anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotics and an aminoglycoside in combination that were effective in vitro against the infecting organism proved to be superior, by one-week survival, to therapy with either one in vitro effective beta-lactam or aminoglycoside or inadequate drugs. On the other hand, treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor had no significant association with longer survival, although a favorable outcome was well correlated with an increase in the granulocyte count during therapy. An active mycobacteriosis was documented in 2% of all patients with hematologic malignancy. Dissemination occurred in half of them. The prognosis of tuberculosis was depended mainly on early diagnosis and treatment, while that for the atypical variety was largely influenced by the underlying disease. The frequency of deep fungal infection in patients with acute leukemia at autopsy increased progressively from 10% in 1970-1974 to 38% in 1983-1986, but it decreased somewhat to 29% in 1987-1989 after the introduction of empiric amphotericin B therapy in 1986. Early empiric antifungal therapy should therefore be started in granulocytopenic patients with fever refractory to antibacterial therapy, because of unreliability of the current serodiagnosis. A total protective isolation for patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was associated with a reduced incidence of pneumonia, especially due to Aspergillus, and to a lesser extent, bacteremia. Cytomegalovirus pneumonia complicating BMT continues to have a poor prognosis, although the frequency has gradually been decreasing with the introduction of effective preventive measures. An early diagnosis and treatment as well as preventive measures is thus necessary for infection control in patients with hematologic malignancy.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical approach to infection in patients with hematologic malignancy]. 137 Oct 45

A summary of the biological models that Amgen and its collaborators have used to document the biological effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), in particular its profound ability to stimulate granulopoiesis, was presented. Cloned human, bovine and canine G-CSF molecules have been investigated. G-CSF is a highly conservative molecule having 80% homology between human, bovine and canine, and 76% homology with cloned murine G-CSF. Preliminary evidence was advanced on a canine cyclic neutropenic model which affords an excellent opportunity to dissect in vivo homeostasis of neutrophil production. From these studies, it appears that G-CSF is important in the day-to-day maintenance of the neutrophil lineage. The efficacious use of G-CSF was advanced for a variety of non-neutropenic infectious states. These included preclinical burn and pneumonia studies in which animals received G-CSF-supportive treatment.
 ...
PMID:CSF in vivo: effects on hematopoiesis. 169 Dec 44

A 12-month-old boy with Kostmann's syndrome was admitted with cavitary pulmonary disease. He had also had bacterial conjunctivitis, periorbital cellulitis, pneumonitis, and otitis media since the age of 10 days. His umbilical cord had not fallen off until he was 3 weeks old. Neutropenia was diagnosed at 4 weeks of age. Antineutrophil antibody studies were negative. A bone marrow aspirate showed granulocytic hypoplasia and a maturation arrest at the promyelocyte stage. Hematopoietic cell culture showed normal numbers of colony-forming units-granulocyte macrophage. Serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor level, was 0.24 ng/mL (normal, greater than 0.05 ng/mL). Serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels, measured by enzyme immunoassay, were undetectable. The patient was successfully treated with filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), with an increase in the absolute neutrophil count to 10.0 x 10(9)/L. Thus, our case of Kostmann's syndrome appears to represent a defect in regulation or production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
 ...
PMID:Measurement of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a patient with congenital agranulocytosis (Kostmann's syndrome). 171 5

Ethanol suppresses functions of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL), seriously compromising normal host defenses against pneumonia. Because granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) augments the number and function of PMNL, the effect of G-CSF on the antibacterial defenses of the lung in normal and acutely intoxicated rats was studied. Animals received G-CSF or vehicle twice a day for 2 days, then ethanol or saline, followed by challenge with Klebsiella pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae elicited an intrapulmonary influx of PMNL in control rats that was markedly suppressed by prior ethanol administration. G-CSF augmented the recruitment of PMNL into the lungs of control rats and significantly attenuated the adverse effects of ethanol on PMNL entry into the lung. G-CSF enhanced intrapulmonary bactericidal activity against this pathogen in normal and ethanol-treated rats. All intoxicated rats pretreated with the vehicle died, while greater than 90% of rats pretreated with G-CSF survived. These findings suggest a potential role for G-CSF in mitigating the adverse effects of ethanol on PMNL delivery and pulmonary host defenses.
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances pulmonary host defenses in normal and ethanol-treated rats. 171 3

A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of general malaise. The peripheral blood showed pancytopenia (WBC 800/microliters, RBC 970,000/microliters, Plt 95,000/microliters). The bone marrow smear revealed morphological abnormalities in three lineage without increase in blasts. He was diagnosed as having myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). He was treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for leukopenia, and with washed RBC transfusions for anemia. Eight months after diagnosis of MDS, blastic cells increased in peripheral blood and bone marrow showing overt leukemic state. He died of pneumonia. An autopsy revealed that atypical megakaryocytes increased in bone marrow and infiltrated into the spleen and liver. This case suggests that not only blasts but also megakaryocytes infiltrate into extramedullary organs in some cases of MDS.
 ...
PMID:[Atypical infiltration of megakaryocytes into the liver and spleen in a case of refractory anemia]. 221 79

A phase I/II study of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in 24 leukemia patients was conducted at our institute. Recombinant human G-CSF (50-200 micrograms/m2/day) was administered i.v. In seven allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients, treatment with rhG-CSF was started 5 days after BMT. Neutrophils began to increase within 3 days after the start of rhG-CSF administration in five of seven patients. The mean duration necessary for recovery of neutrophils to greater than 500/microliters was 11.3 days after BMT with rhG-CSF; 26.8 days is the figure for recovery without rhG-CSF from Japanese historical data. In seven out of eight patients who received rhG-CSF administration after the first remission-induction chemotherapy, the neutrophil counts increased from less than 300/microliters to greater than 4000/microliters within 10 days. Blasts did not increase in all patients including four acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) patients. Severe infections such as septicemia and pneumonia, which were unable to be controlled by antibiotics only, were successfully treated with rhG-CSF and antibiotics. rhG-CSF either stimulated or inhibited myeloid leukemic cells in some refractory cases. Mild bone pain occurred in one patient while receiving rhG-CSF i.v. rhG-CSF seems to have the ability to shorten the period of neutropenia, prevent infections after allogeneic BMT and remission-induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia, and support therapy for infections.
 ...
PMID:Clinical effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in leukemia patients: a phase I/II study. 247 58

We describe a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in a woman with recurrent breast cancer without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The PCP was associated with severe lymphocytopenia due to treatment with anticancer agents in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Despite the severe lymphocytopenia, the total leucocyte count never fell below 3000/mm3 during the treatment. It was difficult to determine whether the patient's respiratory failure was caused by severe infectious pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonia or pneumonitis carcinomatosis. She was treated with steroid for suspected drug-induced hypersensitivity pneumonia. However, as her condition did not improve, PCP was suspected, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was administered. At the same time, anticancer drugs were administered to half the progression of the cancer, since lymphangitis carcinomatosa was also suspected. The severe respiratory failure did not improve, and the patient died on day 23 after admission. At autopsy, the cause of death was confirmed to respiratory failure due to PCP.
 ...
PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during treatment for recurrent breast cancer: a case report. 747 11

We describe a 68-year-old Japanese male with hypoplastic acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who achieved complete hematological reconstitution following granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration. The patient had pancytopenia and the bone marrow was hypocellular with 19 to 36% peroxidase-positive blasts without morphological abnormalities suggestive of myelodysplasia. After receiving G-CSF as a supportive therapy for pneumonia, the blood count became normal and the bone marrow was normocellular with less than 5% of blasts. Without subsequent chemotherapy, he relapsed as a form of overt leukemia and died of pneumonia. Chemotherapy may be necessary to maintain remission in hypoplastic AML after hematopoietic reconstitution by G-CSF.
 ...
PMID:Successful hematopoietic reconstitution with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a patient with hypoplastic acute myelogenous leukemia. 749 88

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) regulates the production and potentiates the function of neutrophils. Studies of animals and patients have shown that levels of G-CSF increase in response to certain types of acute bacterial infection; for example, levels of this factor increase in the lungs and in serum during pneumonia. Investigations of several nonneutropenic animal models of severe bacterial infection have indicated that exogenous recombinant G-CSF--either alone or in combination with antibiotics--can significantly enhance host defenses and improve rates of survival. Trials of recombinant G-CSF for the prevention or treatment of serious infection in clinical settings have recently been initiated.
 ...
PMID:Role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the immune response to acute bacterial infection in the nonneutropenic host: an overview. 751 41

A 48-year-old man developed refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation. Complete response was achieved by low-dose ara-C therapy, but he relapsed 15 months later, with pancytopenia and 13.0% myeloblasts in normocellular marrow. He was treated unsuccessfully with prednisolone, metenolone, and 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 for 8 weeks. He then developed life-threatening pneumonia and was treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF Filgrastim; 125 micrograms/day s.c.). The pneumonia resolved and, interestingly, he achieved a partial response, with normal blood cell counts and only a few dysmyelopoietic cells in the marrow. However, thrombocytopenia progressed when rhG-CSF administration was tapered. When the dose was increased again, leukemic blasts were found to proliferate. When rhG-CSF was discontinued, blasts rapidly decreased in the peripheral blood. Chromosomal analysis revealed a complex abnormality during the first relapse, a normal 46,XY karyotype during the partial response, and recurrence of the same complex abnormality during leukemic transformation. The stimulation index of marrow mononuclear cells cultured with rhG-CSF increased with disease progression. These findings suggest that rhG-CSF initially stimulated the selective proliferation of normal hemopoietic cells, but the evolution or selection of a leukemic clone responsive to rhG-CSF appears to have occurred subsequently.
 ...
PMID:Sequential promotion of normal and leukemic hemopoiesis by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor during the course of myelodysplastic syndrome. 751 33


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>