Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mediators of immediate-type hypersensitivity were studied in the sputum of patients with chronic bronchitis. The same mediators were also measured in early-onset, skin-test-positive asthmatics, in late-onset, skin-test-negative asthmatics, and in patients with bronchial carcinoma, bronchiectasis, and pneumonia. Sputum eosinophilia was a feature of bronchitics and asthmatics, whereas raised blood eosinophil levels were found only in the early-onset, skin-test-positive asthmatics. Histamine and IgE were present in considerable amounts in the sputum of bronchitics and early-onset, skin-test-positive asthmatics. Smaller amounts were found in the other groups. The sputum in all the groups contained material giving an "S.R.S (slow-reacting substance) like" induced contraction of the guinea pig ileum. "Classical" S.R.S.-A., determined by arylsulphatase IIB susceptibility, was present only in bronchitics and both types of asthmatics. Since the bronchitics were, in general, skin-test negative and had normal concentrations of circulating IgE and eosinophils, it is suggested that the findings in the sputum indicate an element of local immediate-type (type I) hypersensitivity in bronchitis although its significance for pathogenesis is not known.
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PMID:Mediators of immediate-type hypersensitivity in sputum from patients with chronic bronchitis and asthma. 9 32

3 separate prospective controlled studies in India and Canada were conducted to determine the immunologic benefits of breastfeeding. In the Indian rural study, 35 newborn infants breastfed exclusively for at least the first 2 months of life were studied (average duration of breastfeeding, 4.8 months; range, 2.2-8.5 months), along with 35 bottlefed controls (using fresh cow's or buffalo's milk) matched as to socioeconomic status, parental education, occupation and family size. In the Canadian urban study, 30 breastfed neonates (average duration of breastfeeding, 3 to 6 months, range 2.5-5.8 months) and 30 matched bottlefed controls were similarly studied. The third study consisted of 37 infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 weeks of life or longer; these infants had older siblings diagnosed as having an atopic disease. The controls consisted of 37 bottlefed infants who also had an older sibling with an allergic disease. In both the Indian and Canadian studies, all breastfed infants had significantly lower incidence of respiratory and diarrheal diseases and of complications such as pneumonia and dehydration (p0.001 in the Indian study; in the Canadian study, p.001 for respiratory infection and otitis media, p0.01 for diarrhea and p0.1 for dehydration) compared with bottlefed infants. In the study of infants with family history of atopy, breastfed infants had a marked reduction in the incidence of clinical atopic eczema and of recurrent allergic wheezing. High levels of serum IgE were seen in a large number of bottlefed infants, as were eosinophilia; IgE antibodies to cow's milk protein (40% of bottlefed babies); hemagglutinating antibodies (84%), and; complement activation in vivo after milk challenge. These findings support the claim that breastmilk provides immunologic benefits to the infant. They also show that 6 weeks of exclusive breastfeeding is effective in reducing the possibility of hypersensitivity and the incidence of manifest allergic disease in susceptible infants.
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PMID:Prospective studies of the effect of breast feeding on incidence of infection and allergy. 11 34

A 28 year old veterinary medical student experienced spiking fever, cough, peripheral blood eosinophilia and an eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrate. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from a transtracheal aspirate and bronchoscopy washings. C. pseudotuberculosis, a pathogen responsible for lymphadenitis in livestock, has never been reported to cause pneumonia in man. In the four cases of C. pseudotuberculosis previously reported, lymphadenitis was the chief clinical presentation. In our patient specific antibodies against the isolated C. pseudotuberculosis developed but not against the other corynebacteria. With erythromycin therapy, the peripheral blood eosinophilia and IgE anti-C. pseudotuberculosis titer decreased whereas the IgG titer continued to increase.
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PMID:Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. A new cause of infectious and eosinophilic pneumonia. 46 27

This study was conducted to compare the capacity of pigeon serum (PS), an antigen (Ag) associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and ovalbumin (OA) in the induction of immunologic lung disease in guinea pigs (gp). Whereas OA was very effective in inducing a severe pneumonitis, PS failed to produce significant disease. A determination of the antibody (Ab) responses in OA- or PS-sensitized GP revealed that total Ab activity, as well as specific IgG1, and IgG2 responses, were not significantly different in the two groups. There was, however, a markedly higher IgE-like Ab response to OA than to PS. Thus, there was a striking correlation between specific IgE synthesis and the production of immunologic lung disease. The disease resembled immune complex disease histologically, and we suggest that the IgE antibody may function as a preceding "anaphylactic trigger" mechanism for the lodging of complement-fixing Ag-Ab complexes in the vasculature of the lung. It is further suggested that PS may be a poor Ag for the induction of IgE synthesis in guinea pigs.
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PMID:Immunologically induced lung disease in guinea pigs. A comparison of ovalbumin and pigeon serum as antigens. 93 43

A 47-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dry cough and throat discomfort. Chest X-ray film showed reticular shadows with Kerley B line and scattered nodular shadows. Blood examination revealed normal WBC count (5100/mm3) with eosinophilia (21%), negative CRP, elevated ESR (49 mm/l hr), normal IgE level and positive antinuclear antibody with speckled pattern. Skin tests and precipitating antibodies for common allergens were negative. Results of arterial blood gas analysis and respiratory function test were almost normal. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid yields 85.7% eosinophils, which suggested eosinophilic lung disease. To establish the diagnosis, thoracotomy was performed and lung specimens were obtained from S3a and S8a. In the area of the nodule, the alveolar spaces were filled with eosinophils and mononuclear cells, with no evidence of vasculitis, granuloma or parasites. Alveolar spaces were almost preserved in residual areas. The walls of air ways, pleura and lobular septa were heavily infiltrated with eosinophils and mononuclear cells. Thus, open lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia. The areas of intraalveolar filling with eosinophils and mononuclear cells were found to correspond to the nodular shadows on chest X-ray film. The relationship between the findings of chest X-ray films and lung histology are discussed.
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PMID:[A case of eosinophilic pneumonia with diffuse reticular shadows and scattered nodular shadows on chest X-ray film--comparison of findings of chest X-ray and lung histology]. 128 40

A rare side effect of minocycline is acute eosinophilic pneumonia. In the literature only ten cases have been reported. We report two cases of minocycline which induced (eosinophilic) alveolitis. A high fever, dry cough, dyspnoea and fatigue are the main features of the clinical picture. Peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated total IgE content were seen in one patient. Bronchoalveolar lavage in this patient revealed eosinophilia. Transbronchial lung biopsies showed infiltration with eosinophilic granulocytes in both patients. Airway macrophages contained brown-black pigment granules. In the acute stage an important decrease in diffusion capacity was observed. The pulmonary and systemic symptoms promptly cleared up after discontinuation of minocycline. Provocation with minocycline was positive, because both patients noticed the same symptoms within one day.
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PMID:[Minocycline as a cause of acute eosinophilic pneumonia]. 153 40

A 24-year-old woman had been treated with minocycline (MINO) for acute upper airway infection. Two days after the start of MINO therapy, she developed fever, cough, dyspnea, and bloody sputum. Her chest X-ray film revealed bilateral pleural effusions and butterfly shadow, and chest computed tomography revealed markedly increased density of pulmonary tissue in the central lung fields. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated severe hypoxemia. The characteristics of the pleural effusion were exudative. Based on the history of her illness and the chest X-ray findings, in addition to the laboratory findings of leukocytosis with eosinophilia and increased serum IgE, drug-induced pneumonia was suspected. Once the treatment with MINO was discontinued, her symptoms, laboratory data, and chest X-ray findings improved rapidly. Microscopic examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy specimen showed increased alveolar septal thickness with formation of Masson's bodies. Although the result of a lymphocyte stimulation test was negative for MINO, the skin test was positive for immediate response. Because of her clinical course, the possibility of induction by other drugs was excluded. This patient was therefore diagnosed to have MINO-induced pneumonia. To date, ten cases of MINO-induced pneumonia have been reported, but no previous case was associated with pleurisy.
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PMID:[Minocycline-induced pneumonia and pleurisy--a case report]. 160 63

A 77-year-old man underwent emergency admission for nocturnal asthmatic attack. Although his asthmatic attack improved within a few days with treatment including systemic corticosteroid, bilateral recurrent infiltrative shadows developed in his chest roentgenogram in association with a further exacerbation of dyspnea. Various antibiotic agents were given; however, the pulmonary infiltration did not improve. He was transferred to our department with the diagnosis of intractable pneumonia. C. albicans was detected in the sputum, and both IgE antibody and precipitating antibody specific for C. albicans were positive. Immediate cutaneous reactivity to C. albicans was positive even with a million-fold dilution of antigen extract C. albicans was also detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis was made. Chest roentgenographic findings as well as clinical symptoms improved with inhalation of 50 mg of amphotericin B.
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PMID:[A case of allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis treated with amphotericin B inhalation]. 160 68

A 65-year-old female suffering from lumbago, headache, and hypertension had been treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihypertensive drugs. On June 13, 1990, 2 weeks after the commencement of loxoprofen administration, she developed cough and low grade fever. She was treated with antibiotics and NSAIDs without improvement. Laboratory data showed marked eosinophilia (2200/mm3), elevation of IgE (3090 IU/ml), and liver dysfunction. Her chest X-ray revealed no active lesion, but the percentage of eosinophils in BALF was elevated (38%). Because drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonia was suspected, all drugs were discontinued. Her symptoms improved and the abnormalities of laboratory data normalized. The lymphocyte stimulation test was weakly positive with three NSAIDs (loxoprofen, pranoprofen, and alminoprofen). The challenge test by loxoprofen reproduced eosinophilia and liver dysfunction, suggesting that she had loxoprofen-induced eosinophilic pneumonia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of loxoprofen-induced lung injury.
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PMID:[A case of loxoprofen-induced pulmonary eosinophilia]. 163 61

In 9 out of 14 patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), followed-up in our department, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and other immunologic indices were investigated. The diagnosis of CEP was based on the typical clinical and radiographic findings and on the demonstration of eosinophilia in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), fiberoptic transbronchial biopsies and surgical lung biopsies. CIC measured by solid-phase monoclonal RF binding were always strongly positive during a flare-up of CEP, and CIC measured by solid-phase C1q binding were also positive in most cases. Remissions of CEP were accompanied by lowering or disappearance of CIC. CIC were significantly correlated with eosinophilia (p less than 0.001 for RF and p less than 0.02 for C1q). Other immunologic indices were normal except for increased IgE in two thirds of the patients, and a slightly positive rheumafactor without rheumatic disease in half of the patients. The CIC are thus related to disease activity, and can be used as one of the markers of it, in addition to the classical markers such as eosinophilia and chest X-ray. However, this does not imply that the CIC have a pathogenetic role in CEP; these CIC can, indeed, be an epiphenomenon only.
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. 164 32


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