Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four cases of Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia diagnosed by positive blood or pleural fluid cultures are compared to 43 cases previously reported in the literatrue. Frequently associated illnesses in both series include alcoholism, chronic airways obstruction and preceding respiratory tract infection. Moderate temperature elevation and slight leukocytosis were common on admission in both groups. Chest roentgenograms in our series revealed both bronchopneumonia (75 per cent) and lobar consolidation (38 per cent). Pleural disease occurred frequently, with two empyemas noted on admission and nine additional effusions developing during therapy. Treatment of choice was ampicillin. All five patients who did not receive ampicillin died, whereas 16 to 19 who received this drug survived. High mortality (33 per cent) in our series may be attributed to the advanced age of the patients and the presence of associated illnesses. In addition, a 10 year review suggests a true increase in the incidence of H. influenzae pneumonia in adults.
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PMID:Bacteremic hemophilus influenzae pneumonia in adults. A report of 24 cases and a review of the literature. 83 1

Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis was used to detect H. influenzae type b antigen in sera of 65 consecutive infants and children with clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Antigenemia was observed in only one patient who also had H. influenzae type b bacteremia. Blood cultures from four other children were positive for H. aphrophilus (one), Streptococcus pneumoniae (two), and an alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus (one). The frequency of pharyngeal colonization with H. influenzae type b was similar in children with or without pneumonia. If H. influenzae type b was the cause of pneumonitis in the children studied, it occurred without bacteremia or antigenemia.
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PMID:Frequency of detection of Hemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide in infants and children with pneumonia. 108 73

During a 12-month surveillance period from 1981-1982, non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae was detected in nasopharyngeal aspirates from 64 (14%) of the 449 children hospitalized for middle or lower respiratory infection. An antibody response to H. influenzae was indicated in 15(23%) of the 64 patients with H. influenzae present in nasopharyngeal aspirate and in 10 (3%) of the 385 patients with a negative finding. Thus, serological evidence of H. influenzae infection was demonstrated in 25 (6%) of all the 449 children with respiratory infection. Of 13 patients with cultures positive for H. influenzae acute otitis media, an antibody response was seen in only 4 (30%) patients. H. influenzae infection was associated with infections caused by other microbes in 20 children (80%), with viral infections in 60% and with pneumococcal infections in 24% of cases. An infection focus was present in 15 (79%) of the 25 patients with H. influenzae infection; pneumonia was present in 10 cases and acute otitis media in 9 cases. Non-specific laboratory evidence of bacterial infection was seen in 11 patients (58%); C-reactive protein was increased in 7 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 9 patients. It is concluded that non-capsulated H. influenzae is a genuine respiratory pathogen in children. H. influenzae infections appear to be secondary to preceding viral or other bacterial infections in children who are carriers of this strain.
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PMID:Role of non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae as a respiratory pathogen in children. 129 Aug 64

During the four years period from 1988 to 1991, 50 pediatric patients were diagnosed to have bacterial meningitis, out of a total number of 9057 pediatric admissions at Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia, and 82% were less than two years of age. The causative organisms were isolated in 27 (54%) patients. The bacteria grown included Haemophilus influenzae type B in 8 patients (29.6%), Neisseria meningitidis in 8 patients (29.6%), Streptococcus pneumonia in 6 (22%) patients, and other bacteria in 5 patients (18.5%). Cerebro spinal fluid cultures from twenty three patients (46%) showed no organisms, however their clinical and C.S.F. findings were compatible with bacterial meningitis. One case of H. influenzae type B was resistant to ampicillin. Six patients died with an over all mortality of 12%, and 10 patients (20%) developed some kind of C.N.S. sequelae. Partially treated meningitis formed a large percentage of our sample.
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PMID:Bacterial meningitis in Saudi children. 134 Aug 60

To investigate the relationship of efficacy of chemotherapy to host defense, we reviewed the clinical features, treatment and outcome in 648 patients with acute pneumonia (424 males and 224 females; mean age, 65 years) treated between 1984 and 1989. Pneumonia complicated pulmonary disease in 336 patients (52%) and complicated systemic disease in 258 (40%). Pneumonia pathogens were diagnosed in 346 patients (53%); the five major pathogens were S. pneumoniae (19%), H. influenzae (16%), S. aureus (14%), K. pneumoniae (14%) and P. aeruginosa (11%). The incidence of K. pneumoniae infection were decreased from 18% to 3.5% and that of S. aureus increased from 10.9% to 26.3% during the study period. The incidence of S. aureus and of P. aeruginosa infection was much higher in patients with nosocomial pneumonia, systemic disease, or serum protein concentration under 6.5 g/dl. beta-lactamase antibiotics were administered to 70% of all patients, with an efficacy rate of 74.9% of after the first course of antibiotics therapy. The efficacy rate was decreased in patients with nosocomial pneumonia, systemic or pulmonary disease, or malnutrition. The data presented in this study indicate that the risk of pneumonia must be taken into careful consideration in patients with compromising complications.
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PMID:[Etiology of pneumonia and host defense]. 143 88

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CFPZ were determined upon oral administration of CFPZ after meal at doses of 4 mg/kg granules in a case, 7.5 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 15 mg/kg granules in one. Peak serum levels of CFPZ were obtained at an hour in 3 cases and at 2 hours in 1 case after administration of the drug with a range of 2.7-8.6 micrograms/ml with half-lives of 0.69-0.95 hours. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after administration ranged from 59.4-71.3%. 2. MICs of CFPZ against 36 clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus 4 strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae 5, Streptococcus pyogenes 5, Escherichia coli 5, Haemophilus influenzae 12, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 4, and Branhamella catarrhalis 1) were compared with those of cefaclor (CCL) and ampicillin (ABPC). The antibacterial activity of CFPZ was superior to those of CCL against Gram-positive cocci, and to those of ABPC against E. coli, and was equal to those of CCL and inferior to those of ABPC against H. influenzae. 3. Thirty-seven pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (pharyngitis/tonsillitis 17, bronchitis 7, pneumonia 3, skin and soft tissue infection 2, and urinary tract infection 8) were treated with CFPZ at daily doses of 10-47 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. The efficacy rates were 100% clinically and 56% bacteriologically. 4. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for an increased platelet count in 1 case and elevated GOT, GPT values in 2 cases.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil in the field of pediatrics]. 149 37

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies were performed on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) in children. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Twelve patients with various bacterial infectious diseases were treated with PAPM/BP. Each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, administered 3 times daily, in 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. Treatments were continued for 5-22 days. Clinical efficacies of PAPM/BP in 12 patients with bacterial infections (1 with suspected sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 with acute maxillary sinusitis, 2 with acute otitis media, 1 with cervical abscess and 2 with urinary tract infection complexed type) were evaluated as excellent in 7, good in 4 and fair in 1, with an efficacy rate of 91.7%. Seventeen causative organisms found in 10 patients (Haemophilus influenzae in 4, Branhamella catarrhalis in 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 2, Staphylococcus aureus in 1, alpha-Streptococcus in 1, Corynebacterium sp. in 1, Peptostreptococcus micros in 1 and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2) were eradicated except 2 strains (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa) from 1 patient (patient No. 2). No adverse reactions were observed in any of the 12 patients. 2. MICs of PAPM were examined against 22 clinical isolates (H. influenzae 5, B. catarrhalis 3, alpha-Streptococcus 3, S. pneumoniae 2, Corynebacterium sp. 2, S. aureus 1, P. aeruginosa 1, P. micros 1, Enterobacter cloacae 1, Escherichia coli 1, Group D Streptococcus 1 and Staphylococcus epidermidis 1) from children with bacterial infections. PAPM showed a good antibacterial activity comparable to the activity of cefoperazone (CPZ) against S. pneumoniae strains relatively tolerant to penicillins. However, the activity of PAPM against H. influenzae was somewhat weaker than that of CPZ. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in children]. 151 26

Nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae cause mainly respiratory tract infections, including otitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia. These infections may become chronic or recurrent in patients with bronchitis or otitis. Patients are usually infected with one strain at a time. During recurrent otitis, H. influenzae isolates have an outer membrane protein composition different from that seen during earlier episodes. In chronic bronchitis, H. influenzae strains persist for up to 1 year. In addition, isolates with different outer membrane protein compositions have been obtained that are antigenic variants of previous isolates. The variations occur in outer membrane protein b,c (P2), d (P5), or both. The variable parts are immunodominant, and antibodies to these parts are bactericidal. Cross-reactive bactericidal antibodies to outer membrane proteins have been elicited in immunized animals. These data indicate that natural immunity to nonencapsulated H. influenzae is mainly strain-specific but also that biologically active cross-reactive antibodies can be elicited by immunization.
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PMID:Epidemiology and prevention of respiratory tract infections due to nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae. 158 58

Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) are the most common cause of death in Papua New Guinean children. Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are almost universally carried in the nasopharynx from a young age and commonly cause disease. While most H. influenzae isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid are serotype b, other serotypeable and nonserotypeable H. influenzae are more frequently isolated in Papua New Guinea than in developed countries. Low levels of antipneumococcal antibody, malnutrition, and upper respiratory carriage of invasive pneumococcal serotypes are associated with increased risk of ALRI. An oral H. influenzae vaccine given to adults with chronic bronchitis reduced the bacterial load in sputum and may thereby help reduce transmission of bacteria in the community. The efficacy of conjugate H. influenzae type b vaccine in preventing pneumonia must be determined in developing countries; vaccines against other types of H. influenzae will also be needed to control pneumonia and meningitis.
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PMID:Epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections, especially those due to Haemophilus influenzae, in Papua New Guinean children. 158 65

A clinical study of 24 patients with respiratory tract infection due to S. aureus detected by transtracheal aspiration (TTA) was conducted, and the following results were obtained. 1) The detection frequency of S. aureus was relatively low (4.6%). 2) Pneumonia was the principal clinical manifestation. 3) Approximately one half of the patients had previously received antimicrobials. 4) Multiple organisms were frequently detected, particularly in cases of hospital-acquired infection. H. influenzae was the most frequently simultaneously detected organism. 5) On sputum examination, approximately 20 ml of purulent sputum was found in most cases, and S. aureus was detected in sputum specimens from 20 of the patients. 6) The largest number of cases was found in 1987. Onset was most common from autumn to spring. 7) Undernutrition was the most frequently associated host factor. As indicated by the above findings, the clinical expression of S. aureus infection is variable, and it is important that it be diagnosed accurately.
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PMID:[A clinical study of respiratory tract infection due to Staphylococcus aureus detected by transtracheal aspiration]. 162 30


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