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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proliferative lymphocytic tracheitis and pneumonia were observed histologically in the respiratory tract of a captive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus). A mycoplasma species was isolated from the respiratory tissue. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed 0.90 similarity to Mycoplasma agassizii, an organism previously shown to cause respiratory disease in reptiles. Based on these findings, a novel Mycoplasma species was suspected to be the causative agent of respiratory disease in this snake.
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PMID:A novel Mycoplasma sp. associated with proliferative tracheitis and pneumonia in a Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus). 944 90

Since HIV infection was first diagnosed in Ghana in 1986, the incidence of HIV infection has increased steadily in the country over the years. Until 1990, most people infected with HIV in Ghana were infected with HIV-2. However, in 1990, most people tested were found to be dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2, and recently, most HIV-infected people in Ghana are only HIV-1 positive. Findings are presented from the study of 99 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) clinical stage IV AIDS patients. Polymerase chain reaction assay identified 12 of these patients as HIV-seronegative. HIV-1, HIV-2, and dual infection were identified in 51.5%, 2%, and 22.2% of clinical AIDS patients, respectively, with the remaining patients being indeterminate for HIV antibodies. All but 2 HIV-positive patients were immunocompromised with regard to CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts. 2 healthy spouses and 3 children of patients who died from AIDS were seronegative for HIV antibodies. Herpes simplex virus type 2 and cytomegalovirus antibody titers were higher in HIV-infected than in uninfected blood. Patients with chronic diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, pneumonia, and tuberculosis (TB), either alone or in combination of 2 or more such symptoms, were more likely to be confirmed by serology and immunology as definitive AIDS patients in this study. Pneumonia due to TB was the major cause of death identified through postmortem studies conducted upon 20 patients. Toxoplasmosis, cytomegaloviral esophagitis and enteritis, and cryptococcosis were the major opportunistic infections detected. Programmed cell death was probably not a major mechanism of accelerated culture-induced death of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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PMID:T-lymphocytopaenia, opportunistic infections and pathological findings in Ghanaian AIDS patients and their sexual partners. 955 23

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays were developed to detect virulent Rhodococcus equi in transtracheal aspirate samples from sick foals showing respiratory signs. An oligonucleotide primer pair from the sequence of the virulence-associated 15- to 17-kDa antigen gene of the virulence plasmid in virulent R. equi was used to amplify a 564 bp region by PCR, and the result was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. No positive reaction was seen in DNA from 13 different microorganisms typically found in the respiratory tract. In tracheal aspirates seeded with virulent R. equi, a visible band could detect 10 to 10(2) bacteria per PCR assay (10(3) to 10(4)/ml of the aspirate). Virulent R. equi was demonstrated in 31 of 42 transtracheal aspirates by culture and colony blot analysis, whereas a positive PCR result was observed in only 12 of the 31 culture positive samples. To prevent false-negative results, two methods were developed: a nested PCR and a PCR in combination with enrichment cultures of aspirates in the selective medium to increase the number of bacteria to 10(4)/ml or more. All of the PCR-negative and culture-positive samples were positive by the two methods. These results indicated that PCR-based assays provide a specific and sensitive means to detect virulent R. equi in tracheal aspirates of foals, and they are more rapid than the routine culture procedures for the diagnosis of R. equi pneumonia in foals.
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PMID:Detection of virulent Rhodococcus equi in tracheal aspirate samples by polymerase chain reaction for rapid diagnosis of R. equi pneumonia in foals. 964 66

The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of various methods widely used in microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis: direct smear examination for acid-fast bacilli, cultural identification in Lowestein-Jensen (L-J) medium, the radiometric BACTEC 460 system, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Three hundred and ninety-three clinical samples of sputum (375), gastric aspirate (3), pleural fluid (12) and urine (3) were taken from 125 patients hospitalized at our Institute for suspected pulmonary tuberculosis, between January 1995 and June 1997. On completion of diagnosis, 35 were found to be affected by active tuberculosis (30 pulmonary, 4 pleural and 1 urinary) and 90 by other non-tubercular diseases (pneumonia, lung cancer, non-tubercular pleural effusion, etc.). In our study, direct smear examination for acid-smear bacilli gave diagnostic value results of 88% and positive predictive value of 91.67%. Cultural identification in L-J and BACTEC 460 TB radiometric system media resulted in diagnostic values of 96.80% and 94.40%, respectively, and positive predictive values of 100% for both of them. Finally, One-Tube Nested-PCR, a variant which uses specific primers for the IS6110 insertion sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, gave us 88.80% (91.43% sensitivity and 87.78% specificity) diagnostic value results, and 74.42% (11 false-positives) positive predictive value. On the basis of our results, we can affirm that PCR is a good method for microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis, given its high sensitivity and specificity and unparalleled rapidity. However, the high number of false-positives that we found suggests that results obtained should be confirmed with BACTEC, which considerably reduces the time required for identification, and makes it possible to carry out an antibiotic assay rapidly.
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PMID:Microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis: a comparison of old and new methods. 972 Apr 68

Polymerase chain reaction fingerprint profiles of isolates obtained during an episode of pneumococcal pneumonia with bacteremia differed significantly from profiles of isolates obtained from the same patient during a subsequent episode of pneumococcal meningitis with bacteremia. Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting provides a means of differentiating new infection from relapse, and may be a simple molecular tool for comparison of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.
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PMID:PCR fingerprinting analysis for differentiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae reinfection versus relapse. 1076 72

Pneumocystis carinii organisms constitute a large group of heterogeneous atypical microscopic fungi that are able to infect immunocompromised mammals by an airborne route and to proliferate in their lungs, inducing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. This pneumonia remains a crucial epidemiological challenge, since neither the source of Pneumocystis carinii infection in humans nor the process by which humans become infected has been clearly established. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have shown that profoundly immunosuppressed patients without pneumocystosis can be subclinically infected with Pneumocystis. Other PCR-based studies have suggested that healthy immunocompetent hosts are not latent carriers of the parasite. However, recent reports have indicated that Pneumocystis carinii can persist for limited periods in the lungs of convalescent rats after recovery from corticosteroid-induced pneumocystosis, and also that immunocompetent mammals can be transiently parasitized by Pneumocystis carinii after close contact with hosts with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Can transiently parasitized hosts be a source of infection for immunosuppressed hosts? In order to investigate this important clinical question, the ability of immunocompetent BALB/c mice, which were carrying subclinical levels of Pneumocystis carinii, to transmit the infection by the airborne route to highly susceptible, uninfected mice with severe combined immunodeficiency was studied. The results indicated that the immunocompetent mice, transiently parasitized by Pneumocystis carinii organisms after close contact with Pneumocystis carinii-infected mice, were able to transmit the infection to Pneumocystis carinii-free mice with severe combined immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Transmission of Pneumocystis carinii disease from immunocompetent contacts of infected hosts to susceptible hosts. 1105

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting Legionella DNA in water, sputum, tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There is paucity of data on the use of PCR for detection of Legionella in serum and urine samples. In 82 patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia, urinary PCR was used in addition to urinary antigen assay for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and serological tests (indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA) in paired sera. PCR was positive in urine samples from 21 patients (26%): in six of seven patients with acute legionellosis by CDC criteria, and 15 patients with negative urine antigen showing no fourfold rise in antibody titers in immunofluorescence test.
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PMID:Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Legionellae DNA in urine samples from patients with community-acquired pneumonia. 1134 76

We present two cases of unusual manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: lymphadenopathy with liver dysfunction without pneumonia. One was diagnosed as an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome and the other as Kawasaki disease. Polymerase chain reaction successfully detected Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA using blood samples. Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be included in the panel of aetiological agents in patients with lymphadenitis and hepatitis even in the absence of pneumonia.
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PMID:Two cases of lymphadenopathy with liver dysfunction due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with mycoplasmal bacteraemia without pneumonia. 1153 23

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Pneumocystis carinii-specific primers pAZ 102-H(5'-GTGTACGTTGCAAAGTACTC-3') and pAZ 102-E(5'-GATGGCTGTTTCCAAGCCCA-3') was performed on oropharyngeal washes obtained at autopsy from 22 AIDS children with histologically confirmed P. carinii pneumonia (PCP), and 48 control AIDS children who died from other infections. Fifteen of 22 (68%) PCP samples and none of 48 (0%) control samples had detectable P. carinii DNA (sensitivity 68%; specificity 100%; positive predictive value 100%; negative predictive value 87%). This method requires further validation in clinical practice.
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PMID:Identification of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in oropharyngeal mouth washes from AIDS children dying of respiratory illnesses. 1191 99

Polymerase chain reaction for Pneumocystis carinii DNA was performed on necropsy lung samples from children by means of P carinii -specific primers.P carinii DNA was identified in 22 of 22 (100%) samples with histologically proven P carinii pneumonia and 13 of 75 (17%) with non-P carinii pneumonia respiratory illness (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 83%). The low specificity precludes the use of polymerase chain reaction as an alternative to histopathologic diagnosis.
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PMID:Identification of Pneumocystis carinii DNA by polymerase chain reaction in necropsy lung samples from children dying of respiratory tract illnesses. 1195 24


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